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Title: Global Carbon Budget 2017

Abstract

Here an accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere – the global carbon budget – is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe data sets and methodology to quantify the five major components of the global carbon budget and their uncertainties. CO2 emissions from fossil fuels and industry (EFF) are based on energy statistics and cement production data, respectively, while emissions from land-use change (ELUC), mainly deforestation, are based on land-cover change data and bookkeeping models. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly and its rate of growth (GATM) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The ocean CO2 sink (SOCEAN) and terrestrial CO2 sink (SLAND) are estimated with global process models constrained by observations. The resulting carbon budget imbalance (BIM), the difference between the estimated total emissions and the estimated changes in the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere, is a measure of imperfect data and understanding of the contemporary carbon cycle. All uncertainties are reported as ±1σ. For the last decade available (2007–2016), EFF was 9.4 ± 0.5 GtC yr–1, ELUCmore » 1.3 ± 0.7 GtC yr–1, GATM 4.7 ± 0.1 GtC yr–1, SOCEAN 2.4 ± 0.5 GtC yr–1, and SLAND 3.0 ± 0.8 GtC yr–1, with a budget imbalance BIM of 0.6 GtC yr–1 indicating overestimated emissions and/or underestimated sinks. For year 2016 alone, the growth in EFF was approximately zero and emissions remained at 9.9 ±\ 0.5 GtC yr–1. Also for 2016, ELUC was 1.3 ± .7 GtC yr–1, GATM was 6.1 ± 0.2 GtC yr–1, SOCEAN was 2.6 ± 0.5 GtC yr–1, and SLAND was 2.7 ± 1.0 GtC yr–1, with a small BIM of –0.3 GtC. GATM continued to be higher in 2016 compared to the past decade (2007–2016), reflecting in part the high fossil emissions and the small SLAND consistent with El Niño conditions. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration reached 402.8 ± 0.1 ppm averaged over 2016. For 2017, preliminary data for the first 6–9 months indicate a renewed growth in EFF of +2.0 % (range of 0.8 to 3.0 %) based on national emissions projections for China, USA, and India, and projections of gross domestic product (GDP) corrected for recent changes in the carbon intensity of the economy for the rest of the world. This living data update documents changes in the methods and data sets used in this new global carbon budget compared with previous publications of this data set.« less

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [2];  [3];  [3];  [4];  [1]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [5];  [6];  [7];  [8]; ORCiD logo [1];  [9]; ORCiD logo [1];  [10];  [11];  [12];  [13]; ORCiD logo [14] more »;  [15];  [14];  [16];  [16];  [17];  [18];  [1]; ORCiD logo [19];  [5];  [20];  [21]; ORCiD logo [15];  [4];  [22]; ORCiD logo [23];  [24]; ORCiD logo [25];  [26];  [27];  [4];  [28];  [29]; ORCiD logo [30];  [31];  [32];  [28];  [33];  [34];  [35]; ORCiD logo [4];  [36];  [36];  [37];  [14];  [11];  [10];  [38]; ORCiD logo [39];  [40];  [41];  [42];  [43];  [42]; ORCiD logo [44]; ORCiD logo [45];  [29];  [46]; ORCiD logo [47];  [48]; ORCiD logo [49]; ORCiD logo [14];  [14]; ORCiD logo [7];  [3];  [50]; ORCiD logo [41]; ORCiD logo [14] « less
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Univ. of East Anglia, Norwich (United Kingdom)
  2. CICERO Center for International Climate Research, Oslo (Norway)
  3. Univ. of Exeter, Exeter (United Kingdom)
  4. Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg (Germany)
  5. CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Canberra, ACT (Australia)
  6. Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States)
  7. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
  8. Earth System Research Lab. (NOAA/ESRL), Boulder, CO (United States)
  9. Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Victoria, BC (Canada)
  10. Univ. of Miami, Miami, FL (United States); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Lab. (NOAA/AOML), Miami, FL (United States)
  11. Univ. of Bergen, Bergen (Norway); Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen (Norway)
  12. Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter (United Kingdom); Univ. of Exeter, Exeter (United Kingdom)
  13. Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris (France)
  14. Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX (France)
  15. Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
  16. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA (United States)
  17. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Dunedin (New Zealand)
  18. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg (Austria)
  19. Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven (Germany)
  20. Woods Hole Research Centre (WHRC), Falmouth, MA (United States)
  21. Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham, NH (United States)
  22. Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL (United States)
  23. Institute of Applied Energy (IAE), Tokyo (Japan)
  24. Karlsruhe Inst. of Technology (KIT) (Germany)
  25. Univ. of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (United States)
  26. PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency; The Hague (The Netherlands); Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht (The Netherlands)
  27. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel (Germany)
  28. Sorbonne Univ. (UPMC, Univ. Paris 06), Paris (France)
  29. CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere (Australia); Univ. of Tasmania (Australia)
  30. Univ. of Bern, Bern (Germany)
  31. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Woods Hole, MA (United States)
  32. National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO (United States)
  33. Univ. of Miami, Miami, FL (United States)
  34. CSIR-CHPC, Cape Town (South Africa)
  35. Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
  36. National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Ibaraki (Japan)
  37. Instituto de Investigacions Marinas (CSIC), Vigo (Spain)
  38. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States); Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT (United States)
  39. Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemunde, Rostock (Germany)
  40. Univ. of Delaware, Newark, DE (United States)
  41. Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena (Germany)
  42. Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen (Norway)
  43. Centre National de Recherche Meteorologique, Toulouse (France)
  44. CREAF, Catalonia (Spain)
  45. Auburn Univ., Auburn, AL (United States)
  46. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome (Italy)
  47. Wageningen Univ. & Research, Wageningen (The Netherlands)
  48. Vrije Univ. Amsterdam, Amsterdam (The Netherlands)
  49. Univ. of Groningen, Groningen (The Netherlands)
  50. Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter (United Kingdom)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
OSTI Identifier:
1437913
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC05-00OR22725
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Earth System Science Data (Online)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Earth System Science Data (Online); Journal Volume: 10; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 1866-3516
Publisher:
Copernicus
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Citation Formats

Le Quere, Corinne, Andrew, Robbie M., Friedlingstein, Pierre, Sitch, Stephen, Pongratz, Julia, Manning, Andrew C., Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Peters, Glen P., Canadell, Josep G., Jackson, Robert B., Boden, Thomas A., Tans, Pieter P., Andrews, Oliver D., Arora, Vivek K., Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Barbero, Leticia, Becker, Meike, Betts, Richard A., Bopp, Laurent, Chevallier, Frederic, Chini, Louise P., Ciais, Philippe, Cosca, Catherine E., Cross, Jessica, Currie, Kim, Gasser, Thomas, Harris, Ian, Hauck, Judith, Haverd, Vanessa, Houghton, Richard A., Hunt, Christopher W., Hurtt, George, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jain, Atul K., Kato, Etsushi, Kautz, Markus, Keeling, Ralph F., Goldewijk, Kees Klein, Kortzinger, Arne, Landschutzer, Peter, Lefevre, Nathalie, Lenton, Andrew, Lienert, Sebastian, Lima, Ivan, Lombardozzi, Danica, Metzl, Nicolas, Millero, Frank, Monteiro, Pedro M. S., Munro, David R., Nabel, Julia E. M. S., Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Padin, X. Antonio, Peregon, Anna, Pfeil, Benjamin, Pierrot, Denis, Poulter, Benjamin, Rehder, Gregor, Reimer, Janet, Rodenbeck, Christian, Schwinger, Jorg, Seferian, Roland, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Stocker, Benjamin D., Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tubiello, Francesco N., van der Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid T., van der Werf, Guido R., van Heuven, Steven, Viovy, Nicolas, Vuichard, Nicolas, Walker, Anthony P., Watson, Andrew J., Wiltshire, Andrew J., Zaehle, Sonke, and Zhu, Dan. Global Carbon Budget 2017. United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.5194/essd-10-405-2018.
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Le Quere, Corinne, Andrew, Robbie M., Friedlingstein, Pierre, Sitch, Stephen, Pongratz, Julia, Manning, Andrew C., Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Peters, Glen P., Canadell, Josep G., Jackson, Robert B., Boden, Thomas A., Tans, Pieter P., Andrews, Oliver D., Arora, Vivek K., Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Barbero, Leticia, Becker, Meike, Betts, Richard A., Bopp, Laurent, Chevallier, Frederic, Chini, Louise P., Ciais, Philippe, Cosca, Catherine E., Cross, Jessica, Currie, Kim, Gasser, Thomas, Harris, Ian, Hauck, Judith, Haverd, Vanessa, Houghton, Richard A., Hunt, Christopher W., Hurtt, George, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jain, Atul K., Kato, Etsushi, Kautz, Markus, Keeling, Ralph F., Goldewijk, Kees Klein, Kortzinger, Arne, Landschutzer, Peter, Lefevre, Nathalie, Lenton, Andrew, Lienert, Sebastian, Lima, Ivan, Lombardozzi, Danica, Metzl, Nicolas, Millero, Frank, Monteiro, Pedro M. S., Munro, David R., Nabel, Julia E. M. S., Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Padin, X. Antonio, Peregon, Anna, Pfeil, Benjamin, Pierrot, Denis, Poulter, Benjamin, Rehder, Gregor, Reimer, Janet, Rodenbeck, Christian, Schwinger, Jorg, Seferian, Roland, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Stocker, Benjamin D., Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tubiello, Francesco N., van der Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid T., van der Werf, Guido R., van Heuven, Steven, Viovy, Nicolas, Vuichard, Nicolas, Walker, Anthony P., Watson, Andrew J., Wiltshire, Andrew J., Zaehle, Sonke, & Zhu, Dan. Global Carbon Budget 2017. United States. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-405-2018
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Le Quere, Corinne, Andrew, Robbie M., Friedlingstein, Pierre, Sitch, Stephen, Pongratz, Julia, Manning, Andrew C., Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Peters, Glen P., Canadell, Josep G., Jackson, Robert B., Boden, Thomas A., Tans, Pieter P., Andrews, Oliver D., Arora, Vivek K., Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Barbero, Leticia, Becker, Meike, Betts, Richard A., Bopp, Laurent, Chevallier, Frederic, Chini, Louise P., Ciais, Philippe, Cosca, Catherine E., Cross, Jessica, Currie, Kim, Gasser, Thomas, Harris, Ian, Hauck, Judith, Haverd, Vanessa, Houghton, Richard A., Hunt, Christopher W., Hurtt, George, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jain, Atul K., Kato, Etsushi, Kautz, Markus, Keeling, Ralph F., Goldewijk, Kees Klein, Kortzinger, Arne, Landschutzer, Peter, Lefevre, Nathalie, Lenton, Andrew, Lienert, Sebastian, Lima, Ivan, Lombardozzi, Danica, Metzl, Nicolas, Millero, Frank, Monteiro, Pedro M. S., Munro, David R., Nabel, Julia E. M. S., Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Padin, X. Antonio, Peregon, Anna, Pfeil, Benjamin, Pierrot, Denis, Poulter, Benjamin, Rehder, Gregor, Reimer, Janet, Rodenbeck, Christian, Schwinger, Jorg, Seferian, Roland, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Stocker, Benjamin D., Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tubiello, Francesco N., van der Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid T., van der Werf, Guido R., van Heuven, Steven, Viovy, Nicolas, Vuichard, Nicolas, Walker, Anthony P., Watson, Andrew J., Wiltshire, Andrew J., Zaehle, Sonke, and Zhu, Dan. Mon . "Global Carbon Budget 2017". United States. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-405-2018. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1437913.
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@article{osti_1437913,
title = {Global Carbon Budget 2017},
author = {Le Quere, Corinne and Andrew, Robbie M. and Friedlingstein, Pierre and Sitch, Stephen and Pongratz, Julia and Manning, Andrew C. and Korsbakken, Jan Ivar and Peters, Glen P. and Canadell, Josep G. and Jackson, Robert B. and Boden, Thomas A. and Tans, Pieter P. and Andrews, Oliver D. and Arora, Vivek K. and Bakker, Dorothee C. E. and Barbero, Leticia and Becker, Meike and Betts, Richard A. and Bopp, Laurent and Chevallier, Frederic and Chini, Louise P. and Ciais, Philippe and Cosca, Catherine E. and Cross, Jessica and Currie, Kim and Gasser, Thomas and Harris, Ian and Hauck, Judith and Haverd, Vanessa and Houghton, Richard A. and Hunt, Christopher W. and Hurtt, George and Ilyina, Tatiana and Jain, Atul K. and Kato, Etsushi and Kautz, Markus and Keeling, Ralph F. and Goldewijk, Kees Klein and Kortzinger, Arne and Landschutzer, Peter and Lefevre, Nathalie and Lenton, Andrew and Lienert, Sebastian and Lima, Ivan and Lombardozzi, Danica and Metzl, Nicolas and Millero, Frank and Monteiro, Pedro M. S. and Munro, David R. and Nabel, Julia E. M. S. and Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro and Nojiri, Yukihiro and Padin, X. Antonio and Peregon, Anna and Pfeil, Benjamin and Pierrot, Denis and Poulter, Benjamin and Rehder, Gregor and Reimer, Janet and Rodenbeck, Christian and Schwinger, Jorg and Seferian, Roland and Skjelvan, Ingunn and Stocker, Benjamin D. and Tian, Hanqin and Tilbrook, Bronte and Tubiello, Francesco N. and van der Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid T. and van der Werf, Guido R. and van Heuven, Steven and Viovy, Nicolas and Vuichard, Nicolas and Walker, Anthony P. and Watson, Andrew J. and Wiltshire, Andrew J. and Zaehle, Sonke and Zhu, Dan},
abstractNote = {Here an accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere – the global carbon budget – is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe data sets and methodology to quantify the five major components of the global carbon budget and their uncertainties. CO2 emissions from fossil fuels and industry (EFF) are based on energy statistics and cement production data, respectively, while emissions from land-use change (ELUC), mainly deforestation, are based on land-cover change data and bookkeeping models. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly and its rate of growth (GATM) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The ocean CO2 sink (SOCEAN) and terrestrial CO2 sink (SLAND) are estimated with global process models constrained by observations. The resulting carbon budget imbalance (BIM), the difference between the estimated total emissions and the estimated changes in the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere, is a measure of imperfect data and understanding of the contemporary carbon cycle. All uncertainties are reported as ±1σ. For the last decade available (2007–2016), EFF was 9.4 ± 0.5 GtC yr–1, ELUC 1.3 ± 0.7 GtC yr–1, GATM 4.7 ± 0.1 GtC yr–1, SOCEAN 2.4 ± 0.5 GtC yr–1, and SLAND 3.0 ± 0.8 GtC yr–1, with a budget imbalance BIM of 0.6 GtC yr–1 indicating overestimated emissions and/or underestimated sinks. For year 2016 alone, the growth in EFF was approximately zero and emissions remained at 9.9 ±\ 0.5 GtC yr–1. Also for 2016, ELUC was 1.3 ± .7 GtC yr–1, GATM was 6.1 ± 0.2 GtC yr–1, SOCEAN was 2.6 ± 0.5 GtC yr–1, and SLAND was 2.7 ± 1.0 GtC yr–1, with a small BIM of –0.3 GtC. GATM continued to be higher in 2016 compared to the past decade (2007–2016), reflecting in part the high fossil emissions and the small SLAND consistent with El Niño conditions. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration reached 402.8 ± 0.1 ppm averaged over 2016. For 2017, preliminary data for the first 6–9 months indicate a renewed growth in EFF of +2.0 % (range of 0.8 to 3.0 %) based on national emissions projections for China, USA, and India, and projections of gross domestic product (GDP) corrected for recent changes in the carbon intensity of the economy for the rest of the world. This living data update documents changes in the methods and data sets used in this new global carbon budget compared with previous publications of this data set.},
doi = {10.5194/essd-10-405-2018},
journal = {Earth System Science Data (Online)},
number = 1,
volume = 10,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Mar 12 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Mon Mar 12 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}
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    • Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 13, Issue 12
    • DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/aaf303

    The influence of rising tropospheric carbon dioxide and ozone on plant productivity
    journal, March 2019

    Effect of land‐use and land‐cover change on mangrove blue carbon: A systematic review
    journal, August 2019

    • Sasmito, Sigit D.; Taillardat, Pierre; Clendenning, Jessica N.
    • Global Change Biology, Vol. 25, Issue 12
    • DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14774

    Drivers of declining CO2 emissions in 18 developed economies
    journal, February 2019

    • Le Quéré, Corinne; Korsbakken, Jan Ivar; Wilson, Charlie
    • Nature Climate Change, Vol. 9, Issue 3
    • DOI: 10.1038/s41558-019-0419-7

    Arctic Amplification Response to Individual Climate Drivers
    journal, July 2019

    • Stjern, Camilla Weum; Lund, Marianne Tronstad; Samset, Bjørn Hallvard
    • Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
    • DOI: 10.1029/2018jd029726

    Field-experiment constraints on the enhancement of the terrestrial carbon sink by CO2 fertilization
    journal, September 2019

    Multimodel Analysis of Future Land Use and Climate Change Impacts on Ecosystem Functioning
    journal, July 2019

    Impact of the 2015/2016 El Niño on the terrestrial carbon cycle constrained by bottom-up and top-down approaches
    journal, October 2018

    • Bastos, Ana; Friedlingstein, Pierre; Sitch, Stephen
    • Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Vol. 373, Issue 1760
    • DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0304

    Environmental Controls on the Riverine Export of Dissolved Black Carbon
    journal, July 2019

    • Jones, Matthew W.; Aragão, Luiz E. O. C.; Dittmar, Thorsten
    • Global Biogeochemical Cycles
    • DOI: 10.1029/2018gb006140

    A radiative forcing analysis of tropical peatlands before and after their conversion to agricultural plantations
    journal, August 2018

    • Dommain, René; Frolking, Steve; Jeltsch-Thömmes, Aurich
    • Global Change Biology, Vol. 24, Issue 11
    • DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14400

    A successful prediction of the record CO 2 rise associated with the 2015/2016 El Niño
    journal, October 2018

    • Betts, Richard A.; Jones, Chris D.; Knight, Jeff. R.
    • Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Vol. 373, Issue 1760
    • DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0301

    A global monthly climatology of total alkalinity: a neural network approach
    journal, January 2019

    Current and Future Decadal Trends in the Oceanic Carbon Uptake Are Dominated by Internal Variability
    journal, January 2018

    • Li, Hongmei; Ilyina, Tatiana
    • Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 45, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.1002/2017gl075370

    Simulating growth-based harvest adaptive to future climate change
    journal, January 2019

    • Yousefpour, Rasoul; Nabel, Julia E. M. S.; Pongratz, Julia
    • Biogeosciences, Vol. 16, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.5194/bg-16-241-2019

    Tropical Pacific Observing System
    journal, February 2019

    • Smith, Neville; Kessler, William S.; Cravatte, Sophie
    • Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol. 6
    • DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00031

    Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report
    journal, August 2018

    • von Schuckmann, Karina; Le Traon, Pierre-Yves; Smith, Neville
    • Journal of Operational Oceanography, Vol. 11, Issue sup1
    • DOI: 10.1080/1755876x.2018.1489208

    Projecting consequences of global warming for the functional diversity of fleshy‐fruited plants and frugivorous birds along a tropical elevational gradient
    journal, June 2019

    • Nowak, Larissa; Kissling, W. Daniel; Bender, Irene M. A.
    • Diversity and Distributions, Vol. 25, Issue 9
    • DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12946

    Sugarcane straw management for bioenergy: effects of global warming on greenhouse gas emissions and soil carbon storage
    journal, July 2019

    • Popin, Gustavo V.; Santos, Arthur K. B.; Oliveira, Thiago de P.
    • Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change
    • DOI: 10.1007/s11027-019-09880-7

    Path-dependent reductions in CO2 emission budgets caused by permafrost carbon release
    text, January 2018

    • Gasser, T.; Kechiar, M.; Ciais, P.
    • Nature Publishing Group
    • DOI: 10.48350/155695

    Australian vegetated coastal ecosystems as global hotspots for climate change mitigation
    journal, October 2019

    • Serrano, Oscar; Lovelock, Catherine E.; B. Atwood, Trisha
    • Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12176-8

    Global Carbon Budget 2018
    text, January 2018

    • Le Quéré, Corinne; Andrew, Robbie M.; Friedlingstein, Pierre
    • Copernicus Publications
    • DOI: 10.7892/boris.141541

    On the need to consider wood formation processes in global vegetation models and a suggested approach
    journal, April 2019

    • Friend, Andrew D.; Eckes-Shephard, Annemarie H.; Fonti, Patrick
    • Annals of Forest Science, Vol. 76, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.1007/s13595-019-0819-x

    Sensitivity of atmospheric CO2 growth rate to observed changes in terrestrial water storage
    journal, August 2018

    Estimation of Terrestrial Global Gross Primary Production (GPP) with Satellite Data-Driven Models and Eddy Covariance Flux Data
    journal, August 2018

    • Joiner, Joanna; Yoshida, Yasuko; Zhang, Yao
    • Remote Sensing, Vol. 10, Issue 9
    • DOI: 10.3390/rs10091346

    An inter-model assessment of the role of direct air capture in deep mitigation pathways
    journal, July 2019

    Comparison of Regional Simulation of Biospheric CO2 Flux from the Updated Version of CarbonTracker Asia with FLUXCOM and Other Inversions over Asia
    journal, January 2020

    • Kenea, Samuel Takele; Labzovskii, Lev D.; Goo, Tae-Young
    • Remote Sensing, Vol. 12, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.3390/rs12010145

    Reconciling Observation and Model Trends in North Atlantic Surface CO 2
    journal, October 2019

    • Lebehot, Alice D.; Halloran, Paul R.; Watson, Andrew J.
    • Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Vol. 33, Issue 10
    • DOI: 10.1029/2019gb006186

    SURATLANT: a 1993–2017 surface sampling in the central part of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre
    journal, January 2018

    • Reverdin, Gilles; Metzl, Nicolas; Olafsdottir, Solveig
    • Earth System Science Data, Vol. 10, Issue 4
    • DOI: 10.5194/essd-10-1901-2018

    CO 2 enrichment and soil type additively regulate grassland productivity
    journal, November 2018

    • Polley, H. Wayne; Aspinwall, Michael J.; Collins, Harold P.
    • New Phytologist, Vol. 222, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.1111/nph.15562

    Simulating the effect of tillage practices with the global ecosystem model LPJmL (version 5.0-tillage)
    journal, January 2019

    • Lutz, Femke; Herzfeld, Tobias; Heinke, Jens
    • Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 12, Issue 6
    • DOI: 10.5194/gmd-12-2419-2019

    Methane removal and atmospheric restoration
    journal, May 2019

    Global warming will happen faster than we think
    journal, December 2018

    Quantifying the effect of forest age in annual net forest carbon balance
    text, January 2018

    From Understanding to Sustainable Use of Peatlands: The WETSCAPES Approach
    journal, March 2020

    Household Preferences to Reduce Their Greenhouse Gas Footprint: A Comparative Study from Four European Cities
    journal, November 2018

    • Sköld, Bore; Baltruszewicz, Marta; Aall, Carlo
    • Sustainability, Vol. 10, Issue 11
    • DOI: 10.3390/su10114044

    Gas exchange and water‐use efficiency in plant canopies
    journal, December 2018

    Global Carbon Budget 2019
    text, January 2019

    • Friedlingstein, Pierre; Jones, Matthew W.; Michael, O&Apos;Sullivan,
    • Copernicus Publications
    • DOI: 10.7892/boris.141543

    Understanding the value and limits of nature-based solutions to climate change and other global challenges
    journal, January 2020

    • Seddon, Nathalie; Chausson, Alexandre; Berry, Pam
    • Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Vol. 375, Issue 1794
    • DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0120

    On the Time Evolution of Climate Sensitivity and Future Warming
    journal, September 2018

    The CO2 emission changes in China’s transportation sector during 1992–2015: a structural decomposition analysis
    journal, January 2020

    • Lian, Lian; Lin, Jingyan; Yao, Ronghan
    • Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Vol. 27, Issue 9
    • DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07094-7

    A segmentation algorithm for characterizing rise and fall segments in seasonal cycles: an application to XCO 2 to estimate benchmarks and assess model bias
    journal, January 2019

    • Calle, Leonardo; Poulter, Benjamin; Patra, Prabir K.
    • Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 12, Issue 5
    • DOI: 10.5194/amt-12-2611-2019

    The oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO 2 from 1994 to 2007
    journal, March 2019

    Modelling carbon sources and sinks in terrestrial vegetation
    journal, September 2018

    • Fatichi, Simone; Pappas, Christoforos; Zscheischler, Jakob
    • New Phytologist, Vol. 221, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.1111/nph.15451

    El Niño‐Southern Oscillation‐Induced Variability of Terrestrial Gross Primary Production During the Satellite Era
    journal, August 2019

    • Zhang, Yulong; Dannenberg, Matthew P.; Hwang, Taehee
    • Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, Vol. 124, Issue 8
    • DOI: 10.1029/2019jg005117

    On the need to consider wood formation processes in global vegetation models and a suggested approach
    text, January 2019

    • Friend, Andrew; Eckes-Shephard, Annemarie; Fonti, Patrick
    • Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
    • DOI: 10.17863/cam.38169

    Effects of 21st‐century climate, land use, and disturbances on ecosystem carbon balance in California
    journal, June 2019

    • Sleeter, Benjamin M.; Marvin, David C.; Cameron, D. Richard
    • Global Change Biology, Vol. 25, Issue 10
    • DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14677

    Ground Data are Essential for Biomass Remote Sensing Missions
    journal, April 2019

    Intact Forests in the United States: Proforestation Mitigates Climate Change and Serves the Greatest Good
    journal, June 2019

    • Moomaw, William R.; Masino, Susan A.; Faison, Edward K.
    • Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, Vol. 2
    • DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2019.00027

    Enhanced global primary production by biogenic aerosol via diffuse radiation fertilization
    journal, August 2018

    Global CO2 emissions from cement production, 1928–2018
    journal, January 2019

    Animals and the zoogeochemistry of the carbon cycle
    journal, December 2018

    • Schmitz, Oswald J.; Wilmers, Christopher C.; Leroux, Shawn J.
    • Science, Vol. 362, Issue 6419
    • DOI: 10.1126/science.aar3213

    Disentangling Climate and Disturbance Effects on Regional Vegetation Greening Trends
    journal, November 2018

    The Hestia fossil fuel CO2 emissions data product for the Los Angeles megacity (Hestia-LA)
    journal, January 2019

    • Gurney, Kevin R.; Patarasuk, Risa; Liang, Jianming
    • Earth System Science Data, Vol. 11, Issue 3
    • DOI: 10.5194/essd-11-1309-2019

    A review of the major drivers of the terrestrial carbon uptake: model-based assessments, consensus, and uncertainties
    journal, September 2019

    • Tharammal, Thejna; Bala, Govindasamy; Devaraju, Narayanappa
    • Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 14, Issue 9
    • DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/ab3012

    Evaluating the Interplay Between Biophysical Processes and Leaf Area Changes in Land Surface Models
    journal, May 2018

    • Forzieri, Giovanni; Duveiller, Gregory; Georgievski, Goran
    • Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 10, Issue 5
    • DOI: 10.1002/2018ms001284

    The sensitivity of the forest carbon budget shifts across processes along with stand development and climate change
    journal, January 2019

    • Collalti, Alessio; Thornton, Peter E.; Cescatti, Alessandro
    • Ecological Applications, Vol. 29, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.1002/eap.1837

    Induction approach via P-Graph to rank clean technologies
    journal, January 2020

    Greenhouse Gas Concentration and Volcanic Eruptions Controlled the Variability of Terrestrial Carbon Uptake Over the Last Millennium
    journal, June 2019

    • Zhang, Xuanze; Peng, Shushi; Ciais, Philippe
    • Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 11, Issue 6
    • DOI: 10.1029/2018ms001566

    Current fossil fuel infrastructure does not yet commit us to 1.5 °C warming
    journal, January 2019

    Biophysical feedback of global forest fires on surface temperature
    journal, January 2019

    Earth system models underestimate carbon fixation by plants in the high latitudes
    journal, February 2019

    • Winkler, Alexander J.; Myneni, Ranga B.; Alexandrov, Georgii A.
    • Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08633-z

    Radical transformation pathway towards sustainable electricity via evolutionary steps
    journal, March 2019

    Crowd oil not crude oil
    journal, April 2019

    An inter-model assessment of the role of direct air capture in deep mitigation pathways
    journal, July 2019

    Australian vegetated coastal ecosystems as global hotspots for climate change mitigation
    journal, October 2019

    • Serrano, Oscar; Lovelock, Catherine E.; B. Atwood, Trisha
    • Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12176-8

    Vegetation structural change since 1981 significantly enhanced the terrestrial carbon sink
    journal, September 2019

    Important role of forest disturbances in the global biomass turnover and carbon sinks
    journal, August 2019

    Six years of ecosystem-atmosphere greenhouse gas fluxes measured in a sub-boreal forest
    journal, July 2019

    • Richardson, Andrew D.; Hollinger, David Y.; Shoemaker, Julie K.
    • Scientific Data, Vol. 6, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.1038/s41597-019-0119-1

    Land carbon models underestimate the severity and duration of drought’s impact on plant productivity
    journal, February 2019

    • Kolus, Hannah R.; Huntzinger, Deborah N.; Schwalm, Christopher R.
    • Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39373-1

    Changes in surface hydrology, soil moisture and gross primary production in the Amazon during the 2015/2016 El Niño
    journal, October 2018

    • van Schaik, Erik; Killaars, Lars; Smith, Naomi E.
    • Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Vol. 373, Issue 1760
    • DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0084

    Effects of 21st‐century climate, land use, and disturbances on ecosystem carbon balance in California
    journal, June 2019

    • Sleeter, Benjamin M.; Marvin, David C.; Cameron, D. Richard
    • Global Change Biology, Vol. 25, Issue 10
    • DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14677

    Characteristics of free air carbon dioxide enrichment of a northern temperate mature forest
    journal, September 2019

    • Hart, Kris M.; Curioni, Giulio; Blaen, Phillip
    • Global Change Biology, Vol. 26, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14786

    The influence of rising tropospheric carbon dioxide and ozone on plant productivity
    journal, March 2019

    Predicting the variable ocean carbon sink
    journal, April 2019

    Degradation and forgone removals increase the carbon impact of intact forest loss by 626%
    journal, October 2019

    • Maxwell, Sean L.; Evans, Tom; Watson, James E. M.
    • Science Advances, Vol. 5, Issue 10
    • DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax2546

    Global carbon dioxide removal rates from forest landscape restoration activities
    journal, November 2018

    • Bernal, Blanca; Murray, Lara T.; Pearson, Timothy R. H.
    • Carbon Balance and Management, Vol. 13, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.1186/s13021-018-0110-8

    Hydro-Geochemistry of the River Water in the Jiulongjiang River Basin, Southeast China: Implications of Anthropogenic Inputs and Chemical Weathering
    journal, February 2019

    • Li, Xiaoqiang; Han, Guilin; Liu, Man
    • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 16, Issue 3
    • DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030440
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