Search Menu
DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Search Scholarly Publications

Title: Global Carbon Budget 2016

Journal Article · · Earth System Science Data (Online)
 [1]; ORCiD logo [2];  [3];  [4]; ORCiD logo [2];  [2];  [5];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [9];  [10]; ORCiD logo [1];  [11];  [12];  [13]; ORCiD logo [13];  [14];  [13];  [15] more »;  [16];  [17];  [18];  [19];  [20]; ORCiD logo [21];  [22]; ORCiD logo [21];  [23];  [24]; ORCiD logo [25];  [26];  [27];  [28];  [29];  [30];  [31]; ORCiD logo [32];  [28];  [33];  [34];  [35];  [27];  [36];  [37];  [38];  [38];  [39];  [12];  [40];  [41];  [42];  [4];  [43];  [16];  [43]; ORCiD logo [44]; ORCiD logo [45];  [46];  [47];  [48]; ORCiD logo [49];  [50]; ORCiD logo [13];  [51];  [52]; ORCiD logo [41] « less
  1. Univ. of East Anglia, Norwich (United Kingdom). Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research
  2. Center for International Climate and Environmental Research (CICERO), Oslo (Norway)
  3. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Canberra, ACT (Australia). Oceans and Atmosphere. Global Carbon Project
  4. Univ. of Exeter (United Kingdom). College of Life and Environmental Sciences
  5. Univ. of East Anglia, Norwich (United Kingdom). School of Environmental Sciences. Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences
  6. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC)
  7. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Boulder, CO (United States). Earth System Research Lab.
  8. Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA (United States)
  9. Univ. of California, San Diego, CA (United States). Scripps Institution of Oceanography
  10. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Seattle, WA (United States). Pacific Marine Environmental Lab. (PMEL)
  11. Karlsruhe Inst. of Technology (KIT) (Germany). Inst. of Meteorology and Climate Research/Atmospheric Environmental Research
  12. Univ. of Miami, FL (United States). Rosenstiel School for Marine and Atmospheric Science. Cooperative Inst. for Marine and Atmospheric Studies; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Miami, FL (United States). Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Lab.
  13. Inst. Pierre-Simon Laplace, Gif-sur-Yvette (France). Lab. of Climate and Environmental Sciences (LSCE) (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ)
  14. Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States). Dept. of Geographical Sciences
  15. National Inst. of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Dunedin (New Zealand)
  16. National Centre for Meteorological Research (CNRM), Toulouse (France). Joint Research Unit Meteo-France/CNRS
  17. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Woods Hole, MA (United States)
  18. Univ. of Exeter (United Kingdom). College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences
  19. Flanders Marine Inst. (VLIZ), Ostend (Belgium). InnovOcean
  20. Univ. of East Anglia, Norwich (United Kingdom). Climatic Research Unit
  21. Alfred Wegener Inst. Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven (Germany)
  22. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Canberra, ACT (Australia). Oceans and Atmosphere
  23. Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL), Utrecht (Netherlands). The Hague/Bilthoven and Utrecht Univ.
  24. Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL (United States). Dept. of Atmospheric Sciences
  25. Inst. of Applied Energy (IAE), Tokyo (Japan)
  26. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel (Germany)
  27. Max Planck Inst. for Meteorology, Hamburg (Germany)
  28. Lab. of Oceanography and Climate (LOCEAN), Paris (France). Sorbonne Univ., CNRS, IRD, MNHN, IPSL
  29. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Hobart, TAS (Australia). Oceans and Atmosphere
  30. Univ. of Bern (Switzerland). Climate and Environmental Physics. Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research
  31. National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO (United States). Climate and Global Dynamics. Terrestrial Sciences Section
  32. Environment and Climate Change Canada, Victoria, BC (Canada). Climate Research Division
  33. Univ. of Miami, FL (United States). Dept. of Ocean Sciences
  34. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Cape Town (South Africa). Centre for High Performance Computing (CHPC). Ocean Systems and Climate
  35. Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States). Dept. of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences. Inst. of Arctic and Alpine Research
  36. National Inst. for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba (Japan). Center for Global Environmental Research
  37. Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States). Joint Inst. for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean
  38. Univ. of Bergen (Norway). Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research. Geophysical Inst.
  39. Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama (Japan). National Research Inst. for Far Sea Fisheries
  40. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States). Biospheric Science Lab.; Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT (United States). Dept. of Ecology
  41. Max Planck Inst. for Biogeochemistry, Jena (Germany)
  42. Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham, NH (United States). Ocean Process Analysis Lab.
  43. Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen (Norway). Uni Research Climate
  44. Imperial College London, Berkshire (United Kingdom). Life Science Dept.
  45. Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States). Joint Inst. for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Seattle, WA (United States). Pacific Marine Environmental Lab. (PMEL)
  46. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia Univ., Palisades, NY (United States)
  47. Auburn Univ., AL (United States). School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences
  48. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Hobart, TAS (Australia). Oceans and Atmosphere and Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre
  49. Wageningen Univ. (Netherlands). Dept. of Meteorology and Air Quality
  50. Vrije Univ., Amsterdam (Netherlands). Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences
  51. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Environmental Sciences Division. Climate Change Science Inst.
  52. Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter (United Kingdom)
+ Show Author Affiliations

Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere – the “global carbon budget” – is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe data sets and methodology to quantify all major components of the global carbon budget, including their uncertainties, based on the combination of a range of data, algorithms, statistics, and model estimates and their interpretation by a broad scientific community. We discuss changes compared to previous estimates and consistency within and among components, alongside methodology and data limitations. CO2 emissions from fossil fuels and industry (EFF) are based on energy statistics and cement production data, respectively, while emissions from land-use change (ELUC), mainly deforestation, are based on combined evidence from land-cover change data, fire activity associated with deforestation, and models. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly and its rate of growth (GATM) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The mean ocean CO2 sink (SOCEAN) is based on observations from the 1990s, while the annual anomalies and trends are estimated with ocean models. The variability in SOCEAN is evaluated with data products based on surveys of ocean CO2 measurements. The global residual terrestrial CO2 sink (SLAND) is estimated by the difference of the other terms of the global carbon budget and compared to results of independent dynamic global vegetation models. We compare the mean land and ocean fluxes and their variability to estimates from three atmospheric inverse methods for three broad latitude bands. All uncertainties are reported as ±1σ, reflecting the current capacity to characterise the annual estimates of each component of the global carbon budget. For the last decade available (2006–2015), EFF was 9.3 ± 0.5 GtC yr-1, ELUC 1.0 ± 0.5 GtC yr-1, GATM 4.5 ± 0.1 GtC yr-1, SOCEAN 2.6 ± 0.5 GtC yr-1, and SLAND 3.1 ± 0.9 GtC yr-1. For year 2015 alone, the growth in EFF was approximately zero and emissions remained at 9.9 ± 0.5 GtC yr-1, showing a slowdown in growth of these emissions compared to the average growth of 1.8 % yr-1 that took place during 2006–2015. Also, for 2015, ELUC was 1.3 ± 0.5 GtC yr-1, GATM was 6.3 ± 0.2 GtC yr-1, SOCEAN was 3.0 ± 0.5 GtC yr-1, and SLAND was 1.9 ± 0.9 GtC yr-1. GATM was higher in 2015 compared to the past decade (2006–2015), reflecting a smaller SLAND for that year. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration reached 399.4 ± 0.1 ppm averaged over 2015. For 2016, preliminary data indicate the continuation of low growth in EFF with +0.2 % (range of -1.0 to +1.8 %) based on national emissions projections for China and USA, and projections of gross domestic product corrected for recent changes in the carbon intensity of the economy for the rest of the world. In spite of the low growth of EFF in 2016, the growth rate in atmospheric CO2 concentration is expected to be relatively high because of the persistence of the smaller residual terrestrial sink (SLAND) in response to El Niño conditions of 2015–2016. From this projection of EFF and assumed constant ELUC for 2016, cumulative emissions of CO2 will reach 565 ± 55 GtC (2075 ± 205 GtCO2) for 1870–2016, about 75 % from EFF and 25 % from ELUC. This living data update documents changes in the methods and data sets used in this new carbon budget compared with previous publications of this data set (Le Quéré et al., 2015b, a, 2014, 2013). All observations presented here can be downloaded from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (doi:10.3334/CDIAC/GCP_2016).

Research Organization:
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER) (SC-23)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC05-00OR22725; SC0016323
OSTI ID:
1335372
Journal Information:
Earth System Science Data (Online), Journal Name: Earth System Science Data (Online) Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 8; ISSN 1866-3516
Publisher:
CopernicusCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (174)

Strong dependence of CO 2 emissions from anthropogenic land cover change on initial land cover and soil carbon parametrization journal September 2015
Skill assessment of three earth system models with common marine biogeochemistry journal June 2012
The importance of three centuries of land-use change for the global and regional terrestrial carbon cycle journal July 2009
New estimates of CO2 forest emissions and removals: 1990–2015 journal September 2015
Influence of El Niño on the equatorial Pacific contribution to atmospheric CO2 accumulation journal April 1999
Reconstruction of the history of anthropogenic CO2 concentrations in the ocean journal November 2009
Upward revision of global fossil fuel methane emissions based on isotope database journal October 2016
Carbon benefits of anthropogenic reactive nitrogen offset by nitrous oxide emissions journal July 2011
Three decades of global methane sources and sinks journal September 2013
Climate regulation of fire emissions and deforestation in equatorial Asia journal December 2008
Consumption-based accounting of CO2 emissions journal March 2010
A fast method for updating global fossil fuel carbon dioxide emissions journal July 2009
Determination of tropical deforestation rates and related carbon losses from 1990 to 2010 journal May 2014
Uncertainties in Accounting for CO2 From Fossil Fuels journal March 2008
Anthropogenic CO2 Uptake by the Ocean Based on the Global Chlorofluorocarbon Data Set journal January 2003
Weak Northern and Strong Tropical Land Carbon Uptake from Vertical Profiles of Atmospheric CO2 journal June 2007
Impacts of Atmospheric Anthropogenic Nitrogen on the Open Ocean journal May 2008
The reinvigoration of the Southern Ocean carbon sink journal September 2015
Atmospheric carbon dioxide variations at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii journal January 1976
Past and future carbon fluxes from land use change, shifting cultivation and wood harvest journal January 2014
Greenhouse gases and aerosols text January 1990
Rates of change in natural and anthropogenic radiative forcing over the past 20,000 years text January 2008
Interannual sea–air CO 2 flux variability from an observation-driven ocean mixed-layer scheme journal January 2014
Recent trends and drivers of regional sources and sinks of carbon dioxide journal January 2015
A synthesis of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil-fuel combustion journal January 2012
Evaluation of NorESM-OC (versions 1 and 1.2), the ocean carbon-cycle stand-alone configuration of the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM1) journal January 2016
Global surface-ocean p CO 2 and sea–air CO 2 flux variability from an observation-driven ocean mixed-layer scheme journal January 2013
Recent variability of the global ocean carbon sink journal September 2014
Strong dependence of CO 2 emissions from anthropogenic land cover change on initial land cover and soil carbon parametrization journal September 2015
Decadal variations and trends of the global ocean carbon sink journal October 2016
Global and regional fluxes of carbon from land use and land cover change 1850-2015: Carbon Emissions From Land Use journal March 2017
Variability of fire carbon emissions in equatorial Asia and its nonlinear sensitivity to El Niño: FIRE CARBON EMISSIONS IN EQUATORIAL ASIA journal October 2016
Representation of natural and anthropogenic land cover change in MPI-ESM: Land Cover in MPI-ESM journal July 2013
Analysis of daily, monthly, and annual burned area using the fourth-generation global fire emissions database (GFED4): ANALYSIS OF BURNED AREA journal March 2013
Updated high-resolution grids of monthly climatic observations - the CRU TS3.10 Dataset: UPDATED HIGH-RESOLUTION GRIDS OF MONTHLY CLIMATIC OBSERVATIONS journal May 2013
The LMDZ4 general circulation model: climate performance and sensitivity to parametrized physics with emphasis on tropical convection journal August 2006
Skill assessment of three earth system models with common marine biogeochemistry journal June 2012
Post-Kyoto greenhouse gas inventories: production versus consumption journal August 2007
The importance of three centuries of land-use change for the global and regional terrestrial carbon cycle journal July 2009
Harmonization of land-use scenarios for the period 1500–2100: 600 years of global gridded annual land-use transitions, wood harvest, and resulting secondary lands journal August 2011
Studies of Recent Changes in Atmospheric O2 Content book January 2014
Implementation of a dynamic rooting depth and phenology into a land surface model: Evaluation of carbon, water, and energy fluxes in the high latitude ecosystems journal October 2015
Mechanisms governing interannual variability in upper-ocean inorganic carbon system and air–sea CO2 fluxes: Physical climate and atmospheric dust journal April 2009
New estimates of CO2 forest emissions and removals: 1990–2015 journal September 2015
Trade, production fragmentation, and China's carbon dioxide emissions journal July 2012
Vegetation dynamics – simulating responses to climatic change journal January 1999
Carbon Footprint of Nations: A Global, Trade-Linked Analysis journal August 2009
Amplifying effects of land-use change on future atmospheric CO 2 levels : AMPLIFYING LAND-USE EFFECTS ON ATMOSPHERIC CO journal March 2003
A dynamic global vegetation model for studies of the coupled atmosphere-biosphere system: DVGM FOR COUPLED CLIMATE STUDIES journal February 2005
Inverse estimates of anthropogenic CO 2 uptake, transport, and storage by the ocean : AIR-SEA EXCHANGE OF ANTHROPOGENIC CARBON journal April 2006
A joint atmosphere-ocean inversion for surface fluxes of carbon dioxide: 1. Methods and global-scale fluxes: JOINT INVERSION-METHODS AND GLOBAL FLUXES journal March 2007
Globalizing results from ocean in situ iron fertilization studies: GLOBALIZING IRON FERTILIZATION journal June 2006
Inferring CO 2 sources and sinks from satellite observations: Method and application to TOVS data journal January 2005
Constraining global air-sea gas exchange for CO 2 with recent bomb 14 C measurements : BOMB journal May 2007
Carbon cycling under 300 years of land use change: Importance of the secondary vegetation sink: CARBON CYCLING AND LAND USE IN LM3V journal June 2009
China: Emissions pattern of the world leader in CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel consumption and cement production journal January 2008
Effects of anthropogenic land cover change on the carbon cycle of the last millennium: LAND COVER CHANGE AND CARBON CYCLE journal October 2009
Carbon and nitrogen cycle dynamics in the O-CN land surface model: 1. Model description, site-scale evaluation, and sensitivity to parameter estimates: SITE-SCALE EVALUATION OF A C-N MODEL journal February 2010
Biogeochemical fluxes through microzooplankton: GLOBAL MICROZOOPLANKTON BIOGEOCHEMISTRY journal November 2010
Reactive greenhouse gas scenarios: Systematic exploration of uncertainties and the role of atmospheric chemistry: ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND GREENHOUSE GASES journal May 2012
Global burned area and biomass burning emissions from small fires: BURNED AREA FROM SMALL FIRES journal December 2012
A global land primary productivity and phytogeography model journal December 1995
Extension and integration of atmospheric carbon dioxide data into a globally consistent measurement record journal January 1995
Natural and anthropogenic changes in atmospheric CO 2 over the last 1000 years from air in Antarctic ice and firn journal February 1996
Terrestrial carbon storage during the past 200 years: A Monte Carlo Analysis of CO 2 data from ice core and atmospheric measurements journal March 1997
Carbon dioxide emissions from fossil-fuel use, 1751-1950 journal September 1999
Revised estimates of the annual net flux of carbon to the atmosphere from changes in land use and land management 1850-2000 journal April 2003
Influence of El Niño on the equatorial Pacific contribution to atmospheric CO2 accumulation journal April 1999
Reconstruction of the history of anthropogenic CO2 concentrations in the ocean journal November 2009
Increase in observed net carbon dioxide uptake by land and oceans during the past 50 years journal August 2012
The changing carbon cycle of the coastal ocean journal December 2013
Reduced carbon emission estimates from fossil fuel combustion and cement production in China journal August 2015
Upward revision of global fossil fuel methane emissions based on isotope database journal October 2016
Rapid growth in CO2 emissions after the 2008–2009 global financial crisis journal December 2011
Estimated carbon dioxide emissions from tropical deforestation improved by carbon-density maps journal January 2012
Timing of carbon emissions from global forest clearance journal May 2012
The challenge to keep global warming below 2 °C journal December 2012
Reply to 'Anthropogenic CO2 emissions' journal June 2013
Bias in the attribution of forest carbon sinks journal September 2013
Reaching peak emissions journal December 2015
Uncertainties around reductions in China’s coal use and CO2 emissions journal March 2016
El Niño and a record CO2 rise journal June 2016
Key indicators to track current progress and future ambition of the Paris Agreement journal January 2017
Update on CO2 emissions journal November 2010
Carbon benefits of anthropogenic reactive nitrogen offset by nitrous oxide emissions journal July 2011
Anthropogenic perturbation of the carbon fluxes from land to ocean journal June 2013
Three decades of global methane sources and sinks journal September 2013
Persistent growth of CO2 emissions and implications for reaching climate targets journal September 2014
High atmosphere–ocean exchange of semivolatile aromatic hydrocarbons journal May 2016
Trends in the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide journal November 2009
Evaluation of ecosystem dynamics, plant geography and terrestrial carbon cycling in the LPJ dynamic global vegetation model journal February 2003
Global and regional drivers of accelerating CO2 emissions journal May 2007
Contributions to accelerating atmospheric CO2 growth from economic activity, carbon intensity, and efficiency of natural sinks journal October 2007
Rates of change in natural and anthropogenic radiative forcing over the past 20,000 years journal February 2008
Climate regulation of fire emissions and deforestation in equatorial Asia journal December 2008
Consumption-based accounting of CO2 emissions journal March 2010
Growth in emission transfers via international trade from 1990 to 2008 journal April 2011
Reducing uncertainties in decadal variability of the global carbon budget with multiple datasets journal October 2016
Constructing an Environmentally-Extended Multi-Regional Input–Output Table Using the gtap Database journal June 2011
A Multi-Region Input–Output Table Based on the Global Trade Analysis Project Database (Gtap-Mrio) journal March 2013
Convergence Between the Eora, Wiod, Exiobase, and Openeu'S Consumption-Based Carbon Accounts journal July 2014
Comparative Evaluation of mrio Databases journal July 2014
Evaluation of spatially explicit emission scenario of land-use change and biomass burning using a process-based biogeochemical model journal March 2013
Iron fertilisation and century-scale effects of open ocean dissolution of olivine in a simulated CO 2 removal experiment journal February 2016
A fast method for updating global fossil fuel carbon dioxide emissions journal July 2009
Climate policy and dependence on traded carbon journal July 2013
Economic value of improved quantification in global sources and sinks of carbon dioxide
  • Durant, A. J.; Le Quéré, C.; Hope, C.
  • Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 369, Issue 1943 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0002
journal May 2011
CO 2 emissions from land-use change affected more by nitrogen cycle, than by the choice of land-cover data journal April 2013
Determination of tropical deforestation rates and related carbon losses from 1990 to 2010 journal May 2014
Seven years of recent European net terrestrial carbon dioxide exchange constrained by atmospheric observations journal April 2010
The HYDE 3.1 spatially explicit database of human-induced global land-use change over the past 12,000 years: HYDE 3.1 Holocene land use journal September 2010
Uncertainties in Accounting for CO2 From Fossil Fuels journal March 2008
How Uncertain Are Estimates of CO2 Emissions? journal January 2009
Global oceanic and land biotic carbon sinks from the Scripps atmospheric oxygen flask sampling network journal January 2006
Atmospheric carbon dioxide variations at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii journal December 1976
Anthropogenic CO2 Uptake by the Ocean Based on the Global Chlorofluorocarbon Data Set journal January 2003
Weak Northern and Strong Tropical Land Carbon Uptake from Vertical Profiles of Atmospheric CO2 journal June 2007
Impacts of Atmospheric Anthropogenic Nitrogen on the Open Ocean journal May 2008
Baseline Map of Carbon Emissions from Deforestation in Tropical Regions journal June 2012
The reinvigoration of the Southern Ocean carbon sink journal September 2015
Atmospheric Lifetime of Fossil Fuel Carbon Dioxide journal May 2009
A Cross-calibrated, Multiplatform Ocean Surface Wind Velocity Product for Meteorological and Oceanographic Applications journal February 2011
Evaluating Surface Water Cycle Simulated by the Australian Community Land Surface Model (CABLE) across Different Spatial and Temporal Domains journal August 2013
The global carbon budget 1959-2011 dataset January 2013
Atmospheric carbon dioxide variations at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii journal January 1976
Carbon dioxide emissions from fossil-fuel use, 1751–1950 journal January 1999
Revised estimates of the annual net flux of carbon to the atmosphere from changes in land use and land management 1850–2000 journal January 2003
Past and future carbon fluxes from land use change, shifting cultivation and wood harvest journal January 2014
A new evaluation of the uncertainty associated with CDIAC estimates of fossil fuel carbon dioxide emission journal January 2014
Global ocean storage of anthropogenic carbon text January 2013
Inverse estimates of anthropogenic CO2 uptake, transport, and storage by the ocean text January 2006
Global fire emissions and the contribution of deforestation, savanna, forest, agricultural, and peat fires (1997–2009) journal January 2010
On the statistical optimality of CO 2 atmospheric inversions assimilating CO 2 column retrievals journal January 2015
CO2 flux history 1982–2001 inferred from atmospheric data using a global inversion of atmospheric transport journal January 2003
Global ocean carbon uptake: magnitude, variability and trends journal January 2013
Global ocean storage of anthropogenic carbon journal January 2013
Implications of incorporating N cycling and N limitations on primary production in an individual-based dynamic vegetation model journal January 2014
Interannual sea–air CO 2 flux variability from an observation-driven ocean mixed-layer scheme journal January 2014
Audit of the global carbon budget: estimate errors and their impact on uptake uncertainty journal January 2015
Recent trends and drivers of regional sources and sinks of carbon dioxide journal January 2015
Data-based estimates of the ocean carbon sink variability – first results of the Surface Ocean p CO 2 Mapping intercomparison (SOCOM) journal January 2015
Variability of projected terrestrial biosphere responses to elevated levels of atmospheric CO 2 due to uncertainty in biological nitrogen fixation journal January 2016
A synthesis of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil-fuel combustion journal January 2012
A synthesis of carbon in international trade journal January 2012
Carbon emissions from land use and land-cover change journal January 2012
Use of a process-based model for assessing the methane budgets of global terrestrial ecosystems and evaluation of uncertainty journal January 2012
Audit of the global carbon budget: estimate errors and their impact on uptake uncertainty journal January 2014
Global ocean carbon uptake: magnitude, variability and trends journal January 2012
A synthesis of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil-fuel combustion journal January 2012
A theoretical framework for the net land-to-atmosphere CO 2 flux and its implications in the definition of "emissions from land-use change" journal January 2013
Uncertainty in temperature response of current consumption-based emissions estimates journal January 2015
Quantifying differences in land use emission estimates implied by definition discrepancies journal January 2015
Soil carbon management in large-scale Earth system modelling: implications for crop yields and nitrogen leaching journal January 2015
A theoretical framework for the net land-to-atmosphere CO2 flux and its implications in the definition of “emissions from land-use change" journal January 2013
Soil carbon management in large-scale Earth system modelling: implications for crop yields and nitrogen leaching posted_content June 2015
A uniform, quality controlled Surface Ocean CO 2 Atlas (SOCAT) journal January 2013
The global carbon budget 1959–2011 journal January 2013
Global carbon budget 2013 journal January 2014
Global Carbon Budget 2015 journal January 2015
Global carbon budget 2014 journal January 2015
A multi-decade record of high-quality f CO 2 data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO 2 Atlas (SOCAT) journal January 2016
The global carbon budget 1959–2011 journal January 2012
A uniform, quality controlled Surface Ocean CO 2 Atlas (SOCAT) journal January 2012
The Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES), model description – Part 1: Energy and water fluxes journal January 2011
The Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES), model description – Part 2: Carbon fluxes and vegetation dynamics journal January 2011
Evaluation of a near-global eddy-resolving ocean model journal January 2013
The Global Gridded Crop Model Intercomparison: data and modeling protocols for Phase 1 (v1.0) journal January 2015
Evaluation of NorESM-OC (versions 1 and 1.2), the ocean carbon-cycle stand-alone configuration of the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM1) journal January 2016
Competition between plant functional types in the Canadian Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (CTEM) v. 2.0 journal January 2016
The Global Gridded Crop Model intercomparison: data and modeling protocols for Phase 1 (v1.0) journal January 2014
Global surface-ocean p CO 2 and sea–air CO 2 flux variability from an observation-driven ocean mixed-layer scheme journal January 2013
Global carbon budget 2013 text January 2014
Implications of incorporating N cycling and N limitations on primary production in an individual-based dynamic vegetation model text January 2014
Quantifying differences in land use emission estimates implied by definition discrepancies text January 2015

Cited By (254)

Towards defining an environmental investment universe within planetary boundaries journal May 2018
High‐Frequency Variability of Small‐Particle Carbon Export Flux in the Northeast Atlantic journal December 2018
Poverty eradication in a carbon constrained world journal October 2017
The mark of vegetation change on Earth’s surface energy balance journal February 2018
Reduction in global area burned and wildfire emissions since 1930s enhances carbon uptake by land journal April 2018
The rise of South–South trade and its effect on global CO2 emissions journal May 2018
Model structures amplify uncertainty in predicted soil carbon responses to climate change journal June 2018
North China Plain threatened by deadly heatwaves due to climate change and irrigation journal July 2018
21st-century modeled permafrost carbon emissions accelerated by abrupt thaw beneath lakes journal August 2018
Eutrophication will increase methane emissions from lakes and impoundments during the 21st century journal March 2019
Quantifying the impacts of defaunation on natural forest regeneration in a global meta-analysis journal October 2019
Important role of forest disturbances in the global biomass turnover and carbon sinks journal August 2019
Quantification of ocean heat uptake from changes in atmospheric O2 and CO2 composition journal October 2018
Approaching the potential of model-data comparisons of global land carbon storage journal March 2019
Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report journal August 2018
Enhanced rock weathering: biological climate change mitigation with co-benefits for food security? journal April 2017
Multidimensional risk in a nonstationary climate: Joint probability of increasingly severe warm and dry conditions journal November 2018
The gathering firestorm in southern Amazonia journal January 2020
Mare Incognitum: A Glimpse into Future Plankton Diversity and Ecology Research journal March 2017
Evolving Temporal–Spatial Trends, Spatial Association, and Influencing Factors of Carbon Emissions in Mainland China: Empirical Analysis Based on Provincial Panel Data from 2006 to 2015 journal August 2018
Silvicultural Practices in Venezuelan Natural Forests: An Historical Perspective and Prospects of Sustainable Forest Management book March 2021
Socio-economic factors and management regimes as drivers of tree cover change in Nepal journal May 2018
Calculating surface ocean pCO 2 from biogeochemical Argo floats equipped with pH: An uncertainty analysis : Calculating Ocean pCO journal March 2017
Adjusting Mitigation Pathways to Stabilize Climate at 1.5°C and 2.0°C Rise in Global Temperatures to Year 2300 journal March 2018
Buffering of Ocean Export Production by Flexible Elemental Stoichiometry of Particulate Organic Matter: Stoichiometric Buffer Effect journal October 2017
Autonomous observing platform CO 2 data shed new light on the Southern Ocean carbon cycle : Autonomous Observing Platform CO journal June 2017
Long‐Term and Seasonal Trends in Estuarine and Coastal Carbonate Systems journal March 2018
Agreement of CMIP5 Simulated and Observed Ocean Anthropogenic CO2 Uptake journal December 2017
The Accelerating Land Carbon Sink of the 2000s May Not Be Driven Predominantly by the Warming Hiatus journal February 2018
Assessing the Decadal Predictability of Land and Ocean Carbon Uptake journal March 2018
Bottom Water Acidification and Warming on the Western Eurasian Arctic Shelves: Dynamical Downscaling Projections: SHELF BOTTOM ACIDIFICATION IN THE ARCTIC journal October 2017
Terrestrial biospheric and oceanic CO2 uptakes estimated from long-term measurements of atmospheric CO2 mole fraction, δ13C, and δ(O2/N2) at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard journal May 2017
Model-Data Fusion to Test Hypothesized Drivers of Lake Carbon Cycling Reveals Importance of Physical Controls journal March 2018
Geological storage of captured carbon dioxide as a large-scale carbon mitigation option: GEOLOGICAL STORAGE FOR CARBON MITIGATION journal May 2017
Connected macroalgal‐sediment systems: blue carbon and food webs in the deep coastal ocean journal March 2019
Drivers of leaf carbon exchange capacity across biomes at the continental scale journal June 2018
Multi‐model analysis of climate impacts on plant photosynthesis in China during 2000–2015 journal June 2019
Technologically achievable soil organic carbon sequestration in world croplands and grasslands journal November 2018
Addressing calcium carbonate cycling in blue carbon accounting: Addressing CaCO 3 cycling in blue CO 2 accounting journal October 2017
Terrestrial carbon inputs to inland waters: A current synthesis of estimates and uncertainty: Terrestrial carbon inputs to inland waters journal November 2017
Beyond respiration: Controls on lateral carbon fluxes across the terrestrial-aquatic interface: Controls on lateral carbon fluxes journal February 2018
Greenhouse gas emissions from lakes and impoundments: Upscaling in the face of global change: GHG emissions from lakes and impoundments journal March 2018
The Marine CO2 System and Its Peculiarities in the Baltic Sea book July 2017
Characterizing uncertainties in the ESA-CCI land cover map of the epoch 2010 and their impacts on MPI-ESM climate simulations journal November 2018
Biotic and Abiotic Drivers of Topsoil Organic Carbon Concentration in Drylands Have Similar Effects at Regional and Global Scales journal March 2019
Cement production, environmental pollution, and economic growth: evidence from China and USA journal January 2019
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide variability at Aigüestortes, Central Pyrenees, Spain journal December 2018
Variability of nutrients and carbon dioxide in the Antarctic Intermediate Water between 1990 and 2014 journal February 2018
Microbial dormancy improves predictability of soil respiration at the seasonal time scale journal May 2019
Trends of the EU’s territorial and consumption-based emissions from 1990 to 2016 journal October 2018
Relationship of forest biomass carbon with biophysical parameters in north Kashmir region of Himalayas journal August 2019
Estimating water–food–ecosystem trade-offs for the global negative emission scenario (IPCC-RCP2.6) journal January 2018
Towards defining an environmental investment universe within planetary boundaries journal May 2018
Land cover change and carbon stores in a tropical montane cloud forest in the Sierra Madre Oriental, Mexico journal October 2018
Eddy covariance measurements of CO2 exchange from agro-ecosystems located in subtropical (India) and boreal (Finland) climatic conditions journal January 2020
The transition in energy demand sectors to limit global warming to 1.5 °C journal June 2018
Recent increase in surface fCO2 in the western subtropical North Pacific journal May 2017
Wetlands In a Changing Climate: Science, Policy and Management journal April 2018
Seasonal time-course of the above ground biomass production efficiency in beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) journal March 2018
The Effects of Solar Radiation Management on the Carbon Cycle journal February 2018
Land use and land cover changes in Doume Communal Forest in eastern Cameroon: implications for conservation and sustainable management journal September 2019
The effect of Indian summer monsoon on the seasonal variation of carbon sequestration by a forest ecosystem over North-East India journal January 2020
Mathematical Methods in the Earth and Environmental Sciences book January 2019
How robust is the renewable energy industry to political shocks? Evidence from the 2016 U.S. elections journal September 2018
The Silurian hypothesis: would it be possible to detect an industrial civilization in the geological record? journal April 2018
Rapid Changes in Anthropogenic Carbon Storage and Ocean Acidification in the Intermediate Layers of the Eurasian Arctic Ocean: 1996-2015 journal September 2018
Seasonal Asymmetry in the Evolution of Surface Ocean p CO 2 and pH Thermodynamic Drivers and the Influence on Sea‐Air CO 2 Flux journal October 2018
Assessment of the Carbonate Chemistry Seasonal Cycles in the Southern Ocean From Persistent Observational Platforms journal July 2018
Assessment of Autonomous pH Measurements for Determining Surface Seawater Partial Pressure of CO 2 journal June 2018
Leaf Trait Acclimation Amplifies Simulated Climate Warming in Response to Elevated Carbon Dioxide journal October 2018
Pacific Anthropogenic Carbon Between 1991 and 2017 journal May 2019
Plant Regrowth as a Driver of Recent Enhancement of Terrestrial CO 2 Uptake journal May 2018
China's “Exported Carbon” Peak: Patterns, Drivers, and Implications journal May 2018
Changes to the Air‐Sea Flux and Distribution of Radiocarbon in the Ocean Over the 21st Century journal June 2018
Examining the Impact of Tropical Cyclones on Air‐Sea CO 2 Exchanges in the Bay of Bengal Based on Satellite Data and In Situ Observations journal January 2019
Large‐Scale Droughts Responsible for Dramatic Reductions of Terrestrial Net Carbon Uptake Over North America in 2011 and 2012 journal July 2018
Ocean Acidification Regulates the Activity, Community Structure, and Functional Potential of Heterotrophic Bacterioplankton in an Oligotrophic Gyre journal April 2019
Broad Consistency Between Satellite and Vegetation Model Estimates of Net Primary Productivity Across Global and Regional Scales journal December 2018
Groundwater‐Derived DIC and Carbonate Buffering Enhance Fluvial CO 2 Evasion in Two Australian Tropical Rivers journal February 2019
Description and Evaluation of the MIT Earth System Model (MESM) journal August 2018
Representing Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Carbon Interactions in the E3SM Land Model: Development and Global Benchmarking journal July 2019
Parametric Sensitivity of Vegetation Dynamics in the TRIFFID Model and the Associated Uncertainty in Projected Climate Change Impacts on Western U.S. Forests journal August 2019
Temporal Scaling of Carbon Emission and Accumulation Rates: Modern Anthropogenic Emissions Compared to Estimates of PETM Onset Accumulation journal March 2019
The Amplified Arctic Warming in the Recent Decades may Have Been Overestimated by CMIP5 Models journal November 2019
Role of Local Air‐Sea Interaction in Fire Activity Over Equatorial Asia journal December 2019
Sea Ice Meltwater and Circumpolar Deep Water Drive Contrasting Productivity in Three Antarctic Polynyas journal May 2019
The Community Earth System Model Version 2 (CESM2) journal February 2020
Very large release of mostly volcanic carbon during the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum journal August 2017
Key indicators to track current progress and future ambition of the Paris Agreement journal January 2017
Poverty eradication in a carbon constrained world journal October 2017
The mark of vegetation change on Earth’s surface energy balance journal February 2018
The rise of South–South trade and its effect on global CO2 emissions journal May 2018
North China Plain threatened by deadly heatwaves due to climate change and irrigation journal July 2018
21st-century modeled permafrost carbon emissions accelerated by abrupt thaw beneath lakes journal August 2018
Precipitation thresholds regulate net carbon exchange at the continental scale journal September 2018
Eutrophication will increase methane emissions from lakes and impoundments during the 21st century journal March 2019
Quantifying the impacts of defaunation on natural forest regeneration in a global meta-analysis journal October 2019
Farming with crops and rocks to address global climate, food and soil security journal February 2018
Strengthening seasonal marine CO2 variations due to increasing atmospheric CO2 journal January 2018
Historical deforestation locally increased the intensity of hot days in northern mid-latitudes journal April 2018
Residual fossil CO2 emissions in 1.5–2 °C pathways journal June 2018
Greening of the land surface in the world’s cold regions consistent with recent warming journal August 2018
Toxic algal bloom induced by ocean acidification disrupts the pelagic food web journal November 2018
Shifting from a fertilization-dominated to a warming-dominated period journal September 2017
Planetary boundaries for a blue planet journal October 2017
Pathways to 1.5 °C and 2 °C warming based on observational and geological constraints journal January 2018
Revision of global carbon fluxes based on a reassessment of oceanic and riverine carbon transport journal June 2018
Lower land-use emissions responsible for increased net land carbon sink during the slow warming period journal August 2018
CO2 evasion along streams driven by groundwater inputs and geomorphic controls journal October 2018
Important role of forest disturbances in the global biomass turnover and carbon sinks journal August 2019
The many possible climates from the Paris Agreement’s aim of 1.5 °C warming journal June 2018
The tropical forest carbon cycle and climate change journal July 2018
Globally rising soil heterotrophic respiration over recent decades journal August 2018
Global land change from 1982 to 2016 journal August 2018
Five decades of northern land carbon uptake revealed by the interhemispheric CO2 gradient journal April 2019
Carbonate chemistry of an in-situ free-ocean CO2 enrichment experiment (antFOCE) in comparison to short term variation in Antarctic coastal waters journal February 2018
1.5 °C carbon budget dependent on carbon cycle uncertainty and future non-CO2 forcing journal April 2018
Uncertainty Quantification of Extratropical Forest Biomass in CMIP5 Models over the Northern Hemisphere journal July 2018
Spatial-temporal dynamics of carbon emissions and carbon sinks in economically developed areas of China: a case study of Guangdong Province journal September 2018
Sun-induced fluorescence and gross primary productivity during a heat wave journal September 2018
Approaching the potential of model-data comparisons of global land carbon storage journal March 2019
Uncovering mechanisms of global ocean change effects on the Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) through metabolomics analysis journal July 2019
Effects of land use change from natural forest to plantation on C, N and natural abundance of 13C and 15N along a climate gradient in eastern China journal November 2019
Terrestrial evaporation response to modes of climate variability journal November 2018
Limits to agricultural land for retaining acceptable levels of local biodiversity journal June 2019
A global moderate resolution dataset of gross primary production of vegetation for 2000–2016 journal October 2017
Carbon capture and storage (CCS): the way forward journal January 2018
Methane emissions: choosing the right climate metric and time horizon journal January 2018
Response of extrafloral nectar production to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide journal January 2018
Role of forest regrowth in global carbon sink dynamics journal February 2019
A stable climate or economic growth? journal February 2017
Using multi-source data from lidar, radar, imaging spectroscopy, and national forest inventories to simulate forest carbon fluxes journal June 2017
The political economy of negative emissions technologies: consequences for international policy design journal December 2017
Zero carbon energy system pathways for Ireland consistent with the Paris Agreement journal April 2018
Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report journal August 2018
Activation of cement hydration with carbon dioxide journal February 2018
Modelling carbon stock and carbon sequestration ecosystem services for policy design: a comprehensive approach using a dynamic vegetation model journal November 2018
The growing role of methane in anthropogenic climate change journal December 2016
Vegetation anomalies caused by antecedent precipitation in most of the world journal July 2017
Focus on negative emissions journal November 2017
Warning signs for stabilizing global CO 2 emissions journal November 2017
Focus on cumulative emissions, global carbon budgets and the implications for climate mitigation targets journal December 2017
On the need for regional climate information over Africa under varying levels of global warming journal June 2018
Uncertainty in projected climate change arising from uncertain fossil-fuel emission factors journal March 2018
The role of large—scale BECCS in the pursuit of the 1.5°C target: an Earth system model perspective journal March 2018
Committed emissions from existing and planned power plants and asset stranding required to meet the Paris Agreement journal May 2018
Forests dominate the interannual variability of the North American carbon sink journal August 2018
Detecting drought impact on terrestrial biosphere carbon fluxes over contiguous US with satellite observations journal September 2018
Large greenhouse gas savings due to changes in the post-Soviet food systems journal June 2019
Detection of fossil fuel emission trends in the presence of natural carbon cycle variability journal August 2019
Altered trends in carbon uptake in China's terrestrial ecosystems under the enhanced summer monsoon and warming hiatus journal February 2019
Enhanced rock weathering: biological climate change mitigation with co-benefits for food security? journal April 2017
Weighing trees with lasers: advances, challenges and opportunities journal February 2018
The utility of the historical record for assessing the transient climate response to cumulative emissions
  • Millar, Richard J.; Friedlingstein, Pierre
  • Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 376, Issue 2119 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0449
journal April 2018
The impact of Earth system feedbacks on carbon budgets and climate response
  • Lowe, Jason A.; Bernie, Daniel
  • Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 376, Issue 2119 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0263
journal April 2018
Bionics and green technology in maritime shipping: an assessment of the effect of Salvinia air-layer hull coatings for drag and fuel reduction
  • Busch, J.; Barthlott, W.; Brede, M.
  • Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 377, Issue 2138 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0263
journal December 2018
A successful prediction of the record CO 2 rise associated with the 2015/2016 El Niño journal October 2018
Microbial dormancy improves predictability of soil respiration at the seasonal time scale journal October 2018
Towards a low CO 2 emission building material employing bacterial metabolism in a two-step process of limestone dissolution and recrystallization: The bacterial system and prototype production posted_content January 2019
Uncovering mechanisms of global ocean change effects on the Dungeness crab ( Cancer magister ) through metabolomics analysis journal March 2019
Risk‐sensitive planning for conserving coral reefs under rapid climate change journal June 2018
Assessing the role of megafauna in tropical forest ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles - the potential of vegetation models journal May 2018
Elevated CO 2 does not stimulate carbon sink in a semi-arid grassland journal January 2019
Global patterns in fine root decomposition: climate, chemistry, mycorrhizal association and woodiness journal March 2019
Scaling‐up biodiversity‐ecosystem functioning research journal April 2020
Changes in vegetation phenology are not reflected in atmospheric CO 2 and 13 C/ 12 C seasonality journal February 2017
Global forest carbon uptake due to nitrogen and phosphorus deposition from 1850 to 2100 journal June 2017
Simulating the recent impacts of multiple biotic disturbances on forest carbon cycling across the United States journal December 2017
Digging deeper: A holistic perspective of factors affecting soil organic carbon sequestration in agroecosystems journal March 2018
Long-term terrestrial carbon dynamics in the Midwestern United States during 1850-2015: Roles of land use and cover change and agricultural management journal February 2018
Nitrogen fertilization raises CO 2 efflux from inorganic carbon: A global assessment journal April 2018
Importance of disturbance history on net primary productivity in the world's most productive forests and implications for the global carbon cycle journal May 2018
Where is the residual terrestrial carbon sink? journal June 2018
Factors regulating carbon sinks in mangrove ecosystems journal June 2018
Largely underestimated carbon emission from land use and land cover change in the conterminous United States journal August 2019
Spatial heterogeneity of biomass and forest structure of the Amazon rain forest: Linking remote sensing, forest modelling and field inventory journal September 2017
Material Flow and Spatial Data Analysis of the Petroleum Use to Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) Emissions in Northeast China journal October 2018
Plant carbon metabolism and climate change: elevated CO 2 and temperature impacts on photosynthesis, photorespiration and respiration journal July 2018
The gathering firestorm in southern Amazonia journal January 2020
The whole-soil carbon flux in response to warming journal March 2017
Climate, ecosystems, and planetary futures: The challenge to predict life in Earth system models journal February 2018
Rightsizing carbon dioxide removal journal May 2017
Long-term pattern and magnitude of soil carbon feedback to the climate system in a warming world journal October 2017
Response to Comments on “The global tree restoration potential” journal October 2019
Soil Respiration and Biogenic Carbon Dioxide Sink in the Territory of Russia: An Analytical Review journal June 2018
Poverty eradication in a carbon constrained world text January 2017
Environmental drivers of forest structure and stem turnover across Venezuelan tropical forests journal June 2018
Towards a low CO2 emission building material employing bacterial metabolism (1/2): The bacterial system and prototype production journal April 2019
A review of four decades of atmospheric trace gas measurements at Cape Point, South Africa journal January 2018
China's “Exported Carbon” Peak: Patterns, Drivers, and Implications text January 2018
Carbon capture and storage (CCS): the way forward text January 2018
Coastal morphology explains global blue carbon distributions posted_content August 2018
Decadal-Scale Acidification Trends in Adjacent North Carolina Estuaries: Competing Role of Anthropogenic CO2 and Riverine Alkalinity Loads journal March 2019
Dry Reforming of Ethanol and Glycerol: Mini-Review journal December 2019
Monitoring Deforestation in Rainforests Using Satellite Data: A Pilot Study from Kalimantan, Indonesia journal July 2018
Consequences of a Reduced Number of Plant Functional Types for the Simulation of Forest Productivity journal July 2018
Recent NDVI Trends in Mainland Spain: Land-Cover and Phytoclimatic-Type Implications journal January 2019
Study on Adsorption Mechanism and Failure Characteristics of CO2 Adsorption by Potassium-Based Adsorbents with Different Supports journal November 2018
Detection of Spatiotemporal Extreme Changes in Atmospheric CO2 Concentration Based on Satellite Observations journal May 2018
Satellite-Based Models Need Improvements to Simulating Annual Gross Primary Productivity: A Comparison of Six Models for Regional Modeling of Deciduous Broadleaf Forests journal June 2018
Towards Estimating Land Evaporation at Field Scales Using GLEAM journal October 2018
Exploring the Potential of Satellite Solar-Induced Fluorescence to Constrain Global Transpiration Estimates journal February 2019
Comparison of Regional Simulation of Biospheric CO2 Flux from the Updated Version of CarbonTracker Asia with FLUXCOM and Other Inversions over Asia journal January 2020
Energy and Environmental Aspects of Using Eucalyptus from Brazil for Energy and Transportation Services in Europe journal November 2018
Monitoring NDVI Inter-Annual Behavior in Mountain Areas of Mainland Spain (2001–2016) journal November 2018
Tracking the Spatial–Temporal Evolution of Carbon Emissions in China from 1999 to 2015: A Land Use Perspective journal August 2019
Trade-Offs in Multi-Purpose Land Use under Land Degradation journal November 2017
The importance of forest structure for carbon fluxes of the Amazon rainforest null January 2018
Historical deforestation locally increased the intensity of hot days in northern mid-latitudes text January 2018
Pacific Anthropogenic Carbon Between 1991 and 2017 text January 2019
Computation and analysis of atmospheric carbon dioxide annual mean growth rates from satellite observations during 2003–2016 journal January 2018
Diagnosing spatial error structures in CO2 mole fractions and XCO2 column mole fractions from atmospheric transport journal January 2019
Atmospheric radiocarbon measurements to quantify CO2 emissions in the UK from 2014 to 2015 journal January 2019
The NASA Carbon Airborne Flux Experiment (CARAFE): instrumentation and methodology journal January 2018
Potential improvements in global carbon flux estimates from a network of laser heterodyne radiometer measurements of column carbon dioxide journal January 2019
Net CO2 fossil fuel emissions of Tokyo estimated directly from measurements of the Tsukuba TCCON site and radiosondes journal January 2020
The NASA Carbon Airborne Flux Experiment (CARAFE): Instrumentation and Methodology posted_content November 2017
Carbon dynamics and CO2 and CH4 outgassing in the Mekong delta journal January 2018
Smaller global and regional carbon emissions from gross land use change when considering sub-grid secondary land cohorts in a global dynamic vegetation model journal January 2018
Arctic Ocean CO2 uptake: an improved multiyear estimate of the air–sea CO2 flux incorporating chlorophyll a concentrations journal January 2018
Uncertainty in the global oceanic CO2 uptake induced by wind forcing: quantification and spatial analysis journal January 2018
How does the terrestrial carbon exchange respond to inter-annual climatic variations? A quantification based on atmospheric CO 2 data journal January 2018
A Bayesian ensemble data assimilation to constrain model parameters and land-use carbon emissions journal January 2018
Preface: OzFlux: a network for the study of ecosystem carbon and water dynamics across Australia and New Zealand journal January 2018
Large but decreasing effect of ozone on the European carbon sink journal January 2018
Global soil organic carbon removal by water erosion under climate change and land use change during AD 1850–2005 journal January 2018
Inorganic carbon and water masses in the Irminger Sea since 1991 journal January 2018
The impact of spatiotemporal variability in atmospheric CO2 concentration on global terrestrial carbon fluxes journal January 2018
Controls of terrestrial ecosystem nitrogen loss on simulated productivity responses to elevated CO 2 journal January 2018
An improved parameterization of leaf area index (LAI) seasonality in the Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS) and Canadian Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (CTEM) modelling framework journal January 2018
Filtration artefacts in bacterial community composition can affect the outcome of dissolved organic matter biolability assays journal January 2018
Global atmospheric CO 2 inverse models converging on neutral tropical land exchange, but disagreeing on fossil fuel and atmospheric growth rate journal January 2019
ESD Reviews: Climate feedbacks in the Earth system and prospects for their evaluation journal January 2019
Meeting climate targets by direct CO2 injections: what price would the ocean have to pay? journal January 2019
Different response of surface temperature and air temperature to deforestation in climate models journal October 2018
Analytically tractable climate–carbon cycle feedbacks under 21st century anthropogenic forcing journal January 2018
Biophysics and vegetation cover change: a process-based evaluation framework for confronting land surface models with satellite observations journal January 2018
Global Carbon Budget 2018 journal January 2018
Gross and net land cover changes in the main plant functional types derived from the annual ESA CCI land cover maps (1992–2015) journal January 2018
The Open-source Data Inventory for Anthropogenic CO 2 , version 2016 (ODIAC2016): a global monthly fossil fuel CO 2 gridded emissions data product for tracer transport simulations and surface flux inversions journal January 2018
EDGAR v4.3.2 Global Atlas of the three major greenhouse gas emissions for the period 1970–2012 journal January 2019
Biophysics and vegetation cover change: a process-based evaluation framework for confronting land surface models with satellite observations journal March 2018
The Carbon Dioxide Removal Model Intercomparison Project (CDRMIP): rationale and experimental protocol for CMIP6 journal January 2018
The Bern Simple Climate Model (BernSCM) v1.0: an extensible and fully documented open-source re-implementation of the Bern reduced-form model for global carbon cycle–climate simulations journal January 2018
FAIR v1.3: a simple emissions-based impulse response and carbon cycle model journal January 2018
Implementing the nitrogen cycle into the dynamic global vegetation, hydrology, and crop growth model LPJmL (version 5.0) journal January 2018
Representing anthropogenic gross land use change, wood harvest, and forest age dynamics in a global vegetation model ORCHIDEE-MICT v8.4.2 journal January 2018
Representation of fire, land-use change and vegetation dynamics in the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator vn4.9 (JULES) journal January 2019
CTDAS-Lagrange v1.0: A high-resolution data assimilation system for regional carbon dioxide observations journal December 2017
Coastal ocean acidification and increasing total alkalinity in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea journal January 2017
Adaptation of global land use and management intensity to changes in climate and atmospheric carbon dioxide text January 2018
Using multi-source data from lidar, radar, imaging spectroscopy, and national forest inventories to simulate forest carbon fluxes audiovisual January 2017
Zero carbon energy system pathways for Ireland consistent with the Paris Agreement text January 2018
A Bayesian ensemble data assimilation to constrain model parameters and land-use carbon emissions text January 2018

Similar Records

Global Carbon Budget 2015
Journal Article · Sun Dec 06 23:00:00 EST 2015 · Earth System Science Data (Online) · OSTI ID:1265897
+68 more
Global Carbon Budget 2017
Journal Article · Mon Mar 12 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Earth System Science Data (Online) · OSTI ID:1437913
+74 more
Global carbon budget 2014
Journal Article · Fri May 08 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Earth System Science Data (Online) · OSTI ID:1209549
+59 more

Related Subjects

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES