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Title: Global Carbon Budget 2015

Abstract

Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe data sets and a methodology to quantify all major components of the global carbon budget, including their uncertainties, based on the combination of a range of data, algorithms, statistics, and model estimates and their interpretation by a broad scientific community. We also discuss changes compared to previous estimates as well as consistency within and among components, alongside methodology and data limitations. CO2 emissions from fossil fuels and industry (EFF) are based on energy statistics and cement production data, while emissions from land-use change (ELUC), mainly deforestation, are based on combined evidence from land-cover-change data, fire activity associated with deforestation, and models. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly and its rate of growth (GATM) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. Moreover, the mean ocean CO2 sink (SOCEAN) is based on observations from the 1990s, while the annual anomalies and trends are estimated with ocean models. The variability in SOCEAN is evaluated with data products based onmore » surveys of ocean CO2 measurements. The global residual terrestrial CO2 sink (SLAND) is estimated by the difference of the other terms of the global carbon budget and compared to results of independent dynamic global vegetation models forced by observed climate, CO2, and land-cover change (some including nitrogen–carbon interactions). We compare the mean land and ocean fluxes and their variability to estimates from three atmospheric inverse methods for three broad latitude bands. All uncertainties are reported as ±1σ, reflecting the current capacity to characterise the annual estimates of each component of the global carbon budget. For the last decade available (2005–2014), EFF was 9.0 ± 0.5 GtC yr-1, ELUC was 0.9 ± 0.5 GtC yr-1, GATM was 4.4 ± 0.1 GtC yr-1, SOCEAN was 2.6 ± 0.5 GtC yr-1, and SLAND was 3.0 ± 0.8 GtC yr-1. For the year 2014 alone, EFF grew to 9.8 ± 0.5 GtC yr-1, 0.6 % above 2013, continuing the growth trend in these emissions, albeit at a slower rate compared to the average growth of 2.2 % yr-1 that took place during 2005–2014. Also, for 2014, ELUC was 1.1 ± 0.5 GtC yr-1, GATM was 3.9 ± 0.2 GtC yr-1, SOCEAN was 2.9 ± 0.5 GtC yr-1, and SLAND was 4.1 ± 0.9 GtC yr-1. GATM was lower in 2014 compared to the past decade (2005–2014), reflecting a larger SLAND for that year. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration reached 397.15 ± 0.10 ppm averaged over 2014. For 2015, preliminary data indicate that the growth in EFF will be near or slightly below zero, with a projection of -0.6 [range of -1.6 to +0.5] %, based on national emissions projections for China and the USA, and projections of gross domestic product corrected for recent changes in the carbon intensity of the global economy for the rest of the world. From this projection of EFF and assumed constant ELUC for 2015, cumulative emissions of CO2 will reach about 555 ± 55 GtC (2035 ± 205 GtCO2) for 1870–2015, about 75 % from EFF and 25 % from ELUC. Finally, this living data update documents changes in the methods and data sets used in this new carbon budget compared with previous publications of this data set (Le Quéré et al., 2015, 2014, 2013). All observations presented here can be downloaded from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (doi:10.3334/CDIAC/GCP_2015).« less

Authors:
 [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [2];  [3];  [4];  [2];  [4];  [2];  [5];  [5];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [9];  [10];  [1];  [11];  [12];  [12];  [12] more »;  [13];  [12];  [14];  [15];  [16];  [1];  [17];  [18];  [19]; ORCiD logo [20];  [21];  [22]; ORCiD logo [23];  [24];  [25];  [26];  [27];  [6];  [26];  [28];  [29];  [30];  [18];  [31];  [31];  [32];  [33];  [34]; ORCiD logo [35];  [33];  [11];  [36];  [37];  [38];  [39];  [4];  [25];  [40];  [41]; ORCiD logo [42]; ORCiD logo [43];  [44];  [45];  [46];  [47];  [48];  [49]; ORCiD logo [12];  [50]; ORCiD logo [38];  [13] « less
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Univ. of East Anglia, Norwich (United Kingdom)
  2. CICERO, Oslo (Norway)
  3. CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Canberra (Australia)
  4. Univ. of Exeter (United Kingdom)
  5. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
  6. Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA (United States)
  7. Univ. of Bristol (United Kingdom)
  8. Univ. of California, San Diego, CA (United States)
  9. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Boulder, CO (United States)
  10. Karlsruhe Inst. of Technology (KIT) (Germany)
  11. Univ. of Miami, FL (United States); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Lab., Boulder, CO (United States)
  12. CEA-CNRS-UVSQ (France)
  13. Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
  14. Aix-Marseille Univ., and CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille (France)
  15. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and Pacific Marine Environmental Lab (PMEL), Seattle, WA (United States)
  16. InnovOcean site, Ostend (Belgium)
  17. Alfred Wegener Inst. for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhave (Germany)
  18. Max Planck Inst. for Meteorology, Hamburg (Germany)
  19. Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL (United States)
  20. Inst. of Applied Energy (IAE), Tokyo (Japan)
  21. Plymouth Marine Lab. (United Kingdom)
  22. Hague/ Bilthoven and Utrecht Univ. (Netherlands)
  23. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
  24. Univ. of Zurich (Switzerland)
  25. Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen (Norway)
  26. Sorbonne Univ., Paris (France)
  27. CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Tasmania (Australia)
  28. Univ. of Miami, FL (United States)
  29. Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
  30. Japan Agency for Marine-Eart Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka (Japan)
  31. National Inst. for Environmental Studies (NIES), Ibaraki (Japan)
  32. Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)
  33. Univ. of Bergen (Norway); Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen (Norway)
  34. Fisheries Research Agency, Yokohama (Japan)
  35. Marine Research Inst. (CSIC), Pontevedra (Spain)
  36. Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT (United States)
  37. Leibniz Inst. for Baltic Sea Research Warnemunde, Rostock (Germany)
  38. Max Planck Society, Jena (Germany). Max Planck Inst. for Biogeochemistry
  39. Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo (Japan)
  40. National Centre for Meteorological Research (CNRM)
  41. GEOMAR Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research Kiel (Germany)
  42. Univ. of Bern (Switzerland); Imperial College, Berkshire (United Kingdom)
  43. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and Pacific Marine Environmental Lab (PMEL), Seattle, WA (United States); Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)
  44. Columbia Univ., Palisades, NY (United States). Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
  45. CSIRO Oceans and Atmospher and Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Co-operative Research Center, Hobart (Australia)
  46. Wageningen Univ. (Netherlands); ICOS-Carbon Portal, Wageningen (Netherlands)
  47. VU Univ. Amsterdam (Netherlands)
  48. Royal Netherlands Inst. for Sea Research, Texel (Netherlands)
  49. Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham, NH (United States)
  50. Met Office Hadley Center, Exeter (United Kingdom)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
OSTI Identifier:
1265897
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1378688
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC05-00OR22725; AC02-05CH11231
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Earth System Science Data (Online)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Earth System Science Data (Online); Journal Volume: 7; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 1866-3516
Publisher:
Copernicus
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Citation Formats

Le Quéré, C., Moriarty, R., Andrew, R. M., Canadell, J. G., Sitch, S., Korsbakken, J. I., Friedlingstein, P., Peters, G. P., Andres, R. J., Boden, T. A., Houghton, R. A., House, J. I., Keeling, R. F., Tans, P., Arneth, A., Bakker, D. C. E., Barbero, L., Bopp, L., Chang, J., Chevallier, F., Chini, L. P., Ciais, P., Fader, M., Feely, R. A., Gkritzalis, T., Harris, I., Hauck, J., Ilyina, T., Jain, A. K., Kato, E., Kitidis, V., Klein Goldewijk, K., Koven, C., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefèvre, N., Lenton, A., Lima, I. D., Metzl, N., Millero, F., Munro, D. R., Murata, A., Nabel, J. E. M. S., Nakaoka, S., Nojiri, Y., O'Brien, K., Olsen, A., Ono, T., Pérez, F. F., Pfeil, B., Pierrot, D., Poulter, B., Rehder, G., Rödenbeck, C., Saito, S., Schuster, U., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Steinhoff, T., Stocker, B. D., Sutton, A. J., Takahashi, T., Tilbrook, B., van der Laan-Luijkx, I. T., van der Werf, G. R., van Heuven, S., Vandemark, D., Viovy, N., Wiltshire, A., Zaehle, S., and Zeng, N. Global Carbon Budget 2015. United States: N. p., 2015. Web. doi:10.5194/essd-7-349-2015.
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Le Quéré, C., Moriarty, R., Andrew, R. M., Canadell, J. G., Sitch, S., Korsbakken, J. I., Friedlingstein, P., Peters, G. P., Andres, R. J., Boden, T. A., Houghton, R. A., House, J. I., Keeling, R. F., Tans, P., Arneth, A., Bakker, D. C. E., Barbero, L., Bopp, L., Chang, J., Chevallier, F., Chini, L. P., Ciais, P., Fader, M., Feely, R. A., Gkritzalis, T., Harris, I., Hauck, J., Ilyina, T., Jain, A. K., Kato, E., Kitidis, V., Klein Goldewijk, K., Koven, C., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefèvre, N., Lenton, A., Lima, I. D., Metzl, N., Millero, F., Munro, D. R., Murata, A., Nabel, J. E. M. S., Nakaoka, S., Nojiri, Y., O'Brien, K., Olsen, A., Ono, T., Pérez, F. F., Pfeil, B., Pierrot, D., Poulter, B., Rehder, G., Rödenbeck, C., Saito, S., Schuster, U., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Steinhoff, T., Stocker, B. D., Sutton, A. J., Takahashi, T., Tilbrook, B., van der Laan-Luijkx, I. T., van der Werf, G. R., van Heuven, S., Vandemark, D., Viovy, N., Wiltshire, A., Zaehle, S., & Zeng, N. Global Carbon Budget 2015. United States. doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-7-349-2015
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Le Quéré, C., Moriarty, R., Andrew, R. M., Canadell, J. G., Sitch, S., Korsbakken, J. I., Friedlingstein, P., Peters, G. P., Andres, R. J., Boden, T. A., Houghton, R. A., House, J. I., Keeling, R. F., Tans, P., Arneth, A., Bakker, D. C. E., Barbero, L., Bopp, L., Chang, J., Chevallier, F., Chini, L. P., Ciais, P., Fader, M., Feely, R. A., Gkritzalis, T., Harris, I., Hauck, J., Ilyina, T., Jain, A. K., Kato, E., Kitidis, V., Klein Goldewijk, K., Koven, C., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefèvre, N., Lenton, A., Lima, I. D., Metzl, N., Millero, F., Munro, D. R., Murata, A., Nabel, J. E. M. S., Nakaoka, S., Nojiri, Y., O'Brien, K., Olsen, A., Ono, T., Pérez, F. F., Pfeil, B., Pierrot, D., Poulter, B., Rehder, G., Rödenbeck, C., Saito, S., Schuster, U., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Steinhoff, T., Stocker, B. D., Sutton, A. J., Takahashi, T., Tilbrook, B., van der Laan-Luijkx, I. T., van der Werf, G. R., van Heuven, S., Vandemark, D., Viovy, N., Wiltshire, A., Zaehle, S., and Zeng, N. Mon . "Global Carbon Budget 2015". United States. doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-7-349-2015. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1265897.
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@article{osti_1265897,
title = {Global Carbon Budget 2015},
author = {Le Quéré, C. and Moriarty, R. and Andrew, R. M. and Canadell, J. G. and Sitch, S. and Korsbakken, J. I. and Friedlingstein, P. and Peters, G. P. and Andres, R. J. and Boden, T. A. and Houghton, R. A. and House, J. I. and Keeling, R. F. and Tans, P. and Arneth, A. and Bakker, D. C. E. and Barbero, L. and Bopp, L. and Chang, J. and Chevallier, F. and Chini, L. P. and Ciais, P. and Fader, M. and Feely, R. A. and Gkritzalis, T. and Harris, I. and Hauck, J. and Ilyina, T. and Jain, A. K. and Kato, E. and Kitidis, V. and Klein Goldewijk, K. and Koven, C. and Landschützer, P. and Lauvset, S. K. and Lefèvre, N. and Lenton, A. and Lima, I. D. and Metzl, N. and Millero, F. and Munro, D. R. and Murata, A. and Nabel, J. E. M. S. and Nakaoka, S. and Nojiri, Y. and O'Brien, K. and Olsen, A. and Ono, T. and Pérez, F. F. and Pfeil, B. and Pierrot, D. and Poulter, B. and Rehder, G. and Rödenbeck, C. and Saito, S. and Schuster, U. and Schwinger, J. and Séférian, R. and Steinhoff, T. and Stocker, B. D. and Sutton, A. J. and Takahashi, T. and Tilbrook, B. and van der Laan-Luijkx, I. T. and van der Werf, G. R. and van Heuven, S. and Vandemark, D. and Viovy, N. and Wiltshire, A. and Zaehle, S. and Zeng, N.},
abstractNote = {Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe data sets and a methodology to quantify all major components of the global carbon budget, including their uncertainties, based on the combination of a range of data, algorithms, statistics, and model estimates and their interpretation by a broad scientific community. We also discuss changes compared to previous estimates as well as consistency within and among components, alongside methodology and data limitations. CO2 emissions from fossil fuels and industry (EFF) are based on energy statistics and cement production data, while emissions from land-use change (ELUC), mainly deforestation, are based on combined evidence from land-cover-change data, fire activity associated with deforestation, and models. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly and its rate of growth (GATM) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. Moreover, the mean ocean CO2 sink (SOCEAN) is based on observations from the 1990s, while the annual anomalies and trends are estimated with ocean models. The variability in SOCEAN is evaluated with data products based on surveys of ocean CO2 measurements. The global residual terrestrial CO2 sink (SLAND) is estimated by the difference of the other terms of the global carbon budget and compared to results of independent dynamic global vegetation models forced by observed climate, CO2, and land-cover change (some including nitrogen–carbon interactions). We compare the mean land and ocean fluxes and their variability to estimates from three atmospheric inverse methods for three broad latitude bands. All uncertainties are reported as ±1σ, reflecting the current capacity to characterise the annual estimates of each component of the global carbon budget. For the last decade available (2005–2014), EFF was 9.0 ± 0.5 GtC yr-1, ELUC was 0.9 ± 0.5 GtC yr-1, GATM was 4.4 ± 0.1 GtC yr-1, SOCEAN was 2.6 ± 0.5 GtC yr-1, and SLAND was 3.0 ± 0.8 GtC yr-1. For the year 2014 alone, EFF grew to 9.8 ± 0.5 GtC yr-1, 0.6 % above 2013, continuing the growth trend in these emissions, albeit at a slower rate compared to the average growth of 2.2 % yr-1 that took place during 2005–2014. Also, for 2014, ELUC was 1.1 ± 0.5 GtC yr-1, GATM was 3.9 ± 0.2 GtC yr-1, SOCEAN was 2.9 ± 0.5 GtC yr-1, and SLAND was 4.1 ± 0.9 GtC yr-1. GATM was lower in 2014 compared to the past decade (2005–2014), reflecting a larger SLAND for that year. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration reached 397.15 ± 0.10 ppm averaged over 2014. For 2015, preliminary data indicate that the growth in EFF will be near or slightly below zero, with a projection of -0.6 [range of -1.6 to +0.5] %, based on national emissions projections for China and the USA, and projections of gross domestic product corrected for recent changes in the carbon intensity of the global economy for the rest of the world. From this projection of EFF and assumed constant ELUC for 2015, cumulative emissions of CO2 will reach about 555 ± 55 GtC (2035 ± 205 GtCO2) for 1870–2015, about 75 % from EFF and 25 % from ELUC. Finally, this living data update documents changes in the methods and data sets used in this new carbon budget compared with previous publications of this data set (Le Quéré et al., 2015, 2014, 2013). All observations presented here can be downloaded from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (doi:10.3334/CDIAC/GCP_2015).},
doi = {10.5194/essd-7-349-2015},
journal = {Earth System Science Data (Online)},
number = 2,
volume = 7,
place = {United States},
year = {2015},
month = {12}
}
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    journal, January 2018

    • Badawy, Bakr; Polavarapu, Saroja; Jones, Dylan B. A.
    • Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 11, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.5194/gmd-11-631-2018

    Re-evaluating the 1940s CO 2 plateau
    journal, January 2016

    • Bastos, Ana; Ciais, Philippe; Barichivich, Jonathan
    • Biogeosciences, Vol. 13, Issue 17
    • DOI: 10.5194/bg-13-4877-2016

    Catalytic activity of hydrotalcite-derived catalysts in the dry reforming of methane: on the effect of Ce promotion and feed gas composition
    journal, March 2017

    • Dębek, Radosław; Motak, Monika; Galvez, Maria Elena
    • Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis, Vol. 121, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.1007/s11144-017-1167-1

    How have carbon stocks in central and southern Africa’s miombo woodlands changed over the last 50 years? A systematic map of the evidence
    journal, July 2018

    • Gumbo, Davison; Clendenning, Jessica; Martius, Christopher
    • Environmental Evidence, Vol. 7, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.1186/s13750-018-0128-0

    A global synthesis inversion analysis of recent variability in CO 2 fluxes using GOSAT and in situ observations
    journal, January 2018

    • Wang, James S.; Kawa, S. Randolph; Collatz, G. James
    • Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 15
    • DOI: 10.5194/acp-18-11097-2018

    The Southern Ocean as a constraint to reduce uncertainty in future ocean carbon sinks
    journal, January 2016

    Assimilation of repeated woody biomass observations constrains decadal ecosystem carbon cycle uncertainty in aggrading forests: CONSTRAINING BIOMASS AND SOIL C CYCLES
    journal, March 2017

    • Smallman, T. L.; Exbrayat, J. -F.; Mencuccini, M.
    • Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, Vol. 122, Issue 3
    • DOI: 10.1002/2016jg003520

    Long-Term Stimulatory Warming Effect on Soil Heterotrophic Respiration in a Cool-Temperate Broad-Leaved Deciduous Forest in Northern Japan
    journal, April 2018

    • Teramoto, Munemasa; Liang, Naishen; Ishida, Sachinobu
    • Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, Vol. 123, Issue 4
    • DOI: 10.1002/2018jg004432

    Technological assessment and modeling of energy‐related CO 2 emissions for the G8 countries by using hybrid IWO algorithm based on SVM
    journal, April 2020

    • Ghazvini, Mahyar; Dehghani Madvar, Mohammad; Ahmadi, Mohammad Hossein
    • Energy Science & Engineering, Vol. 8, Issue 4
    • DOI: 10.1002/ese3.593

    Global challenges and adaptations in management practices to preserve soil carbon pool with changing climate
    journal, July 2018

    Attributing the Carbon Cycle Impacts of CMIP5 Historical and Future Land Use and Land Cover Change in the Community Earth System Model (CESM1)
    journal, May 2018

    • Lawrence, Peter J.; Lawrence, David M.; Hurtt, George C.
    • Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, Vol. 123, Issue 5
    • DOI: 10.1029/2017jg004348

    Modeling the Recent Changes in the Arctic Ocean CO 2 Sink (2006–2013)
    journal, March 2019

    • Manizza, Manfredi; Menemenlis, Dimitris; Zhang, Hong
    • Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Vol. 33, Issue 3
    • DOI: 10.1029/2018gb006070

    Pacific Anthropogenic Carbon Between 1991 and 2017
    journal, May 2019

    • Carter, B. R.; Feely, R. A.; Wanninkhof, R.
    • Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Vol. 33, Issue 5
    • DOI: 10.1029/2018gb006154

    Plant Regrowth as a Driver of Recent Enhancement of Terrestrial CO 2 Uptake
    journal, May 2018

    • Kondo, Masayuki; Ichii, Kazuhito; Patra, Prabir K.
    • Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 45, Issue 10
    • DOI: 10.1029/2018gl077633

    Understanding End‐of‐Century Snowpack Changes Over California's Sierra Nevada
    journal, January 2019

    • Sun, Fengpeng; Berg, Neil; Hall, Alex
    • Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 46, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.1029/2018gl080362

    Uncertainties around reductions in China’s coal use and CO2 emissions
    journal, March 2016

    • Korsbakken, Jan Ivar; Peters, Glen P.; Andrew, Robbie M.
    • Nature Climate Change, Vol. 6, Issue 7
    • DOI: 10.1038/nclimate2963

    Anthropogenic carbon release rate unprecedented during the past 66 million years
    journal, March 2016

    • Zeebe, Richard E.; Ridgwell, Andy; Zachos, James C.
    • Nature Geoscience, Vol. 9, Issue 4
    • DOI: 10.1038/ngeo2681

    Historical carbon dioxide emissions caused by land-use changes are possibly larger than assumed
    journal, January 2017

    • Arneth, A.; Sitch, S.; Pongratz, J.
    • Nature Geoscience, Vol. 10, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.1038/ngeo2882

    Land use change and El Niño-Southern Oscillation drive decadal carbon balance shifts in Southeast Asia
    journal, March 2018

    Decadal variability in twentieth-century ocean acidification in the California Current Ecosystem
    journal, December 2019

    Atmospheric deposition, CO2, and change in the land carbon sink
    journal, August 2017

    Important evidence of constant low CO2 windows and impacts on the non-closure of the greenhouse effect
    journal, March 2019

    Holocene peatland and ice-core data constraints on the timing and magnitude of CO 2 emissions from past land use
    journal, January 2017

    • Stocker, Benjamin David; Yu, Zicheng; Massa, Charly
    • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 114, Issue 7
    • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1613889114

    Towards accepted procedures for calculating international consumption-based carbon accounts
    journal, February 2020

    Using the Suess effect on the stable carbon isotope to distinguish the future from the past in radiocarbon
    journal, December 2016

    Expert assessment concludes negative emissions scenarios may not deliver
    journal, August 2016

    Effects of contemporary land-use and land-cover change on the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems in the United States
    journal, March 2018

    • Sleeter, Benjamin M.; Liu, Jinxun; Daniel, Colin
    • Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 13, Issue 4
    • DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/aab540

    Beyond MRV: high-resolution forest carbon modeling for climate mitigation planning over Maryland, USA
    journal, April 2019

    National mitigation potential from natural climate solutions in the tropics
    journal, January 2020

    • Griscom, Bronson W.; Busch, Jonah; Cook-Patton, Susan C.
    • Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Vol. 375, Issue 1794
    • DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0126

    Forest degradation impacts on carbon stocks, tree density and regeneration status in banj oak forests of Central Himalaya
    journal, December 2019

    • Pandey, Anvita; Arunachalam, Kusum; Thadani, Rajesh
    • Ecological Research, Vol. 35, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12078

    Direct and indirect climate change effects on carbon dioxide fluxes in a thawing boreal forest-wetland landscape
    journal, March 2017

    • Helbig, Manuel; Chasmer, Laura E.; Desai, Ankur R.
    • Global Change Biology, Vol. 23, Issue 8
    • DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13638

    Attribution of seasonal leaf area index trends in the northern latitudes with “optimally” integrated ecosystem models
    journal, May 2017

    • Zhu, Zaichun; Piao, Shilong; Lian, Xu
    • Global Change Biology, Vol. 23, Issue 11
    • DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13723

    Global vegetation biomass production efficiency constrained by models and observations
    journal, September 2019

    • He, Yue; Peng, Shushi; Liu, Yongwen
    • Global Change Biology, Vol. 26, Issue 3
    • DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14816

    A global estimate of terrestrial net secondary production of primary consumers
    journal, September 2019

    • Street, Garrett M.; McNickle, Gordon G.
    • Global Ecology and Biogeography, Vol. 28, Issue 12
    • DOI: 10.1111/geb.12989

    Peak cement‐related CO 2 emissions and the changes in drivers in China
    journal, November 2018

    • Shan, Yuli; Zhou, Ya; Meng, Jing
    • Journal of Industrial Ecology, Vol. 23, Issue 4
    • DOI: 10.1111/jiec.12839

    Mycorrhizal association as a primary control of the CO 2 fertilization effect
    journal, June 2016

    Spaceborne detection of localized carbon dioxide sources
    journal, October 2017

    • Schwandner, Florian M.; Gunson, Michael R.; Miller, Charles E.
    • Science, Vol. 358, Issue 6360
    • DOI: 10.1126/science.aam5782

    Electrified methane reforming: A compact approach to greener industrial hydrogen production
    journal, May 2019

    • Wismann, Sebastian T.; Engbæk, Jakob S.; Vendelbo, Søren B.
    • Science, Vol. 364, Issue 6442
    • DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw8775

    Beyond greenness: Detecting temporal changes in photosynthetic capacity with hyperspectral reflectance data
    journal, December 2017

    Assessment of Forest Above-Ground Biomass Estimation from PolInSAR in the Presence of Temporal Decorrelation
    journal, May 2018

    • Ghasemi, Nafiseh; Tolpekin, Valentyn; Stein, Alfred
    • Remote Sensing, Vol. 10, Issue 6
    • DOI: 10.3390/rs10060815

    Decadal trends in the seasonal-cycle amplitude of terrestrial CO 2 exchange resulting from the ensemble of terrestrial biosphere models
    journal, May 2016

    • Ito, Akihiko; Inatomi, Motoko; Huntzinger, Deborah N.
    • Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, Vol. 68, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.3402/tellusb.v68.28968

    Reviews and syntheses: Systematic Earth observations for use in terrestrial carbon cycle data assimilation systems
    journal, January 2017

    Reviews and syntheses: An empirical spatiotemporal description of the global surface–atmosphere carbon fluxes: opportunities and data limitations
    journal, January 2017

    • Zscheischler, Jakob; Mahecha, Miguel D.; Avitabile, Valerio
    • Biogeosciences, Vol. 14, Issue 15
    • DOI: 10.5194/bg-14-3685-2017

    The role of soil pH on soil carbonic anhydrase activity
    journal, January 2018

    Biophysics and vegetation cover change: a process-based evaluation framework for confronting land surface models with satellite observations
    journal, January 2018

    • Duveiller, Gregory; Forzieri, Giovanni; Robertson, Eddy
    • Earth System Science Data, Vol. 10, Issue 3
    • DOI: 10.5194/essd-10-1265-2018

    Global Carbon Budget 2017
    journal, January 2018

    • Le Quéré, Corinne; Andrew, Robbie M.; Friedlingstein, Pierre
    • Earth System Science Data, Vol. 10, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.5194/essd-10-405-2018

    Global Carbon Budget 2019
    journal, January 2019

    • Friedlingstein, Pierre; Jones, Matthew W.; O'Sullivan, Michael
    • Earth System Science Data, Vol. 11, Issue 4
    • DOI: 10.5194/essd-11-1783-2019

    Global fire emissions estimates during 1997–2016
    journal, January 2017

    • van der Werf, Guido R.; Randerson, James T.; Giglio, Louis
    • Earth System Science Data, Vol. 9, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.5194/essd-9-697-2017

    Improving the LPJmL4-SPITFIRE vegetation–fire model for South America using satellite data
    journal, January 2019

    • Drüke, Markus; Forkel, Matthias; von Bloh, Werner
    • Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 12, Issue 12
    • DOI: 10.5194/gmd-12-5029-2019

    Accounting for forest age in the tile-based dynamic global vegetation model JSBACH4 (4.20p7; git feature/forests) – a land surface model for the ICON-ESM
    journal, January 2020

    • Nabel, Julia E. M. S.; Naudts, Kim; Pongratz, Julia
    • Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 13, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.5194/gmd-13-185-2020

    Climate-driven disturbances in the San Juan River sub-basin of the Colorado River
    journal, January 2018

    • Bennett, Katrina E.; Bohn, Theodore J.; Solander, Kurt
    • Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol. 22, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.5194/hess-22-709-2018
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