Amorphous TiO2 Compact Layers via ALD for Planar Halide Perovskite Photovoltaics
Abstract
A low temperature (< 120 °C) route to pinhole-free amorphous TiO2 compact layers may pave the way to more efficient, flexible, and stable inverted perovskite halide device designs. Toward this end, we utilize low-temperature thermal atomic layer deposition (ALD) to synthesize ultra-thin (12 nm) compact TiO2 underlayers for planar halide perovskite PV. While device performance with as-deposited TiO2 films is poor, we identify room temperature UV-O3 treatment as a route to device efficiency comparable to crystalline TiO2 thin films synthesized by higher temperature methods. Here, we further explore the chemical, physical, and interfacial properties 2 that might explain the improved performance through x-ray diffraction, spectroscopic ellipsometry, Raman spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. These findings challenge our intuition about effective electron selective layers as well as point the way to a greater selection of flexible substrates and more stable inverted device designs.
- Authors:
-
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Materials Science Division; Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Evanston, IL (United States)
- Univ. of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States). Frederick Seitz Materials Research Lab.
- Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Evanston, IL (United States); Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States). Dept. of Chemistry
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Materials Science Division; Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Evanston, IL (United States); Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States). Dept. of Chemistry
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center (ANSER)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1352602
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-06CH11357; SC0001059
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 8; Journal Issue: 37; Journal ID: ISSN 1944-8244
- Publisher:
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 14 SOLAR ENERGY; amorphous titanium dioxide; atomic layer deposition; hybrid perovskites; low temperature processing; solar energy conversion
Citation Formats
Kim, In Soo, Haasch, Richard T., Cao, Duyen H., Farha, Omar K., Hupp, Joseph T., Kanatzidis, Mercouri G., and Martinson, Alex B. F. Amorphous TiO2 Compact Layers via ALD for Planar Halide Perovskite Photovoltaics. United States: N. p., 2016.
Web. doi:10.1021/acsami.6b07658.
Kim, In Soo, Haasch, Richard T., Cao, Duyen H., Farha, Omar K., Hupp, Joseph T., Kanatzidis, Mercouri G., & Martinson, Alex B. F. Amorphous TiO2 Compact Layers via ALD for Planar Halide Perovskite Photovoltaics. United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b07658
Kim, In Soo, Haasch, Richard T., Cao, Duyen H., Farha, Omar K., Hupp, Joseph T., Kanatzidis, Mercouri G., and Martinson, Alex B. F. Tue .
"Amorphous TiO2 Compact Layers via ALD for Planar Halide Perovskite Photovoltaics". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b07658. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1352602.
@article{osti_1352602,
title = {Amorphous TiO2 Compact Layers via ALD for Planar Halide Perovskite Photovoltaics},
author = {Kim, In Soo and Haasch, Richard T. and Cao, Duyen H. and Farha, Omar K. and Hupp, Joseph T. and Kanatzidis, Mercouri G. and Martinson, Alex B. F.},
abstractNote = {A low temperature (< 120 °C) route to pinhole-free amorphous TiO2 compact layers may pave the way to more efficient, flexible, and stable inverted perovskite halide device designs. Toward this end, we utilize low-temperature thermal atomic layer deposition (ALD) to synthesize ultra-thin (12 nm) compact TiO2 underlayers for planar halide perovskite PV. While device performance with as-deposited TiO2 films is poor, we identify room temperature UV-O3 treatment as a route to device efficiency comparable to crystalline TiO2 thin films synthesized by higher temperature methods. Here, we further explore the chemical, physical, and interfacial properties 2 that might explain the improved performance through x-ray diffraction, spectroscopic ellipsometry, Raman spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. These findings challenge our intuition about effective electron selective layers as well as point the way to a greater selection of flexible substrates and more stable inverted device designs.},
doi = {10.1021/acsami.6b07658},
journal = {ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces},
number = 37,
volume = 8,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Sep 06 00:00:00 EDT 2016},
month = {Tue Sep 06 00:00:00 EDT 2016}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Cited by: 56 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science
Web of Science
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
A low-cost, high-efficiency solar cell based on dye-sensitized colloidal TiO2 films
journal, October 1991
- O'Regan, Brian; Grätzel, Michael
- Nature, Vol. 353, Issue 6346, p. 737-740
Molecular Photovoltaics
journal, May 2000
- Hagfeldt, Anders; Grätzel, Michael
- Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 33, Issue 5
Efficient Photochemical Water Splitting by a Chemically Modified n-TiO2
journal, September 2002
- Khan, S. U. M.
- Science, Vol. 297, Issue 5590
Atomic layer-deposited tunnel oxide stabilizes silicon photoanodes for water oxidation
journal, June 2011
- Chen, Yi Wei; Prange, Jonathan D.; Dühnen, Simon
- Nature Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 7
Amorphous TiO2 coatings stabilize Si, GaAs, and GaP photoanodes for efficient water oxidation
journal, May 2014
- Hu, S.; Shaner, M. R.; Beardslee, J. A.
- Science, Vol. 344, Issue 6187
Lead Iodide Perovskite Sensitized All-Solid-State Submicron Thin Film Mesoscopic Solar Cell with Efficiency Exceeding 9%
journal, August 2012
- Kim, Hui-Seon; Lee, Chang-Ryul; Im, Jeong-Hyeok
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 2, Issue 1
Mesoscopic CH3NH3PbI3/TiO2 Heterojunction Solar Cells
journal, October 2012
- Etgar, Lioz; Gao, Peng; Xue, Zhaosheng
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 134, Issue 42, p. 17396-17399
Perovskite solar cells with a planar heterojunction structure prepared using room-temperature solution processing techniques
journal, December 2013
- Liu, Dianyi; Kelly, Timothy L.
- Nature Photonics, Vol. 8, Issue 2, p. 133-138
Electrical and optical properties of TiO 2 anatase thin films
journal, February 1994
- Tang, H.; Prasad, K.; Sanjinès, R.
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 75, Issue 4
Comparison of Dye-Sensitized Rutile- and Anatase-Based TiO 2 Solar Cells
journal, September 2000
- Park, N. -G.; van de Lagemaat, J.; Frank, A. J.
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 104, Issue 38
Nanocrystalline Rutile Electron Extraction Layer Enables Low-Temperature Solution Processed Perovskite Photovoltaics with 13.7% Efficiency
journal, April 2014
- Yella, Aswani; Heiniger, Leo-Philipp; Gao, Peng
- Nano Letters, Vol. 14, Issue 5, p. 2591-2596
Low-Temperature Processed Electron Collection Layers of Graphene/TiO2 Nanocomposites in Thin Film Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, December 2013
- Wang, Jacob Tse-Wei; Ball, James M.; Barea, Eva M.
- Nano Letters, Vol. 14, Issue 2, p. 724-730
Low-Temperature TiO x Compact Layer for Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, April 2016
- Liu, Zonghao; Chen, Qi; Hong, Ziruo
- ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 8, Issue 17
Highly efficient and bending durable perovskite solar cells: toward a wearable power source
journal, January 2015
- Kim, Byeong Jo; Kim, Dong Hoe; Lee, Yoo-Yong
- Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 8, Issue 3
High efficiency flexible perovskite solar cells using superior low temperature TiO 2
journal, January 2015
- Yang, Dong; Yang, Ruixia; Zhang, Jing
- Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 8, Issue 11
Atomic Layer Deposition: An Overview
journal, January 2010
- George, Steven M.
- Chemical Reviews, Vol. 110, Issue 1, p. 111-131
Atomic Layer Deposition Chemistry Recent Developments and Future Challenges
journal, November 2003
- Leskelä, Markku; Ritala, Mikko
- Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 42, Issue 45, p. 5548-5554
Surface chemistry of atomic layer deposition: A case study for the trimethylaluminum/water process
journal, June 2005
- Puurunen, Riikka L.
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 97, Issue 12, Article No. 121301
Synchrotron radiation studies of H2O adsorption on TiO2(110)
journal, August 1989
- Kurtz, Richard L.; Stock-Bauer, Roger; Msdey, Theodore E.
- Surface Science, Vol. 218, Issue 1
Insights into Photoexcited Electron Scavenging Processes on TiO 2 Obtained from Studies of the Reaction of O 2 with OH Groups Adsorbed at Electronic Defects on TiO 2 (110)
journal, January 2003
- Henderson, Michael A.; Epling, William S.; Peden, Charles H. F.
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 107, Issue 2
Effects of catalyst material and atomic layer deposited TiO2 oxide thickness on the water oxidation performance of metal–insulator–silicon anodes
journal, January 2013
- Scheuermann, Andrew G.; Prange, Jonathan D.; Gunji, Marika
- Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 6, Issue 8
Atomic Layer Deposition of Undoped TiO 2 Exhibiting p -Type Conductivity
journal, January 2015
- Iancu, Andrei T.; Logar, Manca; Park, Joonsuk
- ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 7, Issue 9
Atomic Layer Deposition of p-Type Epitaxial Thin Films of Undoped and N-Doped Anatase TiO 2
journal, March 2016
- Vasu, K.; Sreedhara, M. B.; Ghatak, J.
- ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 8, Issue 12
Electronic structure of anatase TiO 2 oxide
journal, March 1994
- Sanjinés, R.; Tang, H.; Berger, H.
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 75, Issue 6
Interface engineering of highly efficient perovskite solar cells
journal, July 2014
- Zhou, H.; Chen, Q.; Li, G.
- Science, Vol. 345, Issue 6196
The Interface between FTO and the TiO 2 Compact Layer Can Be One of the Origins to Hysteresis in Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, May 2015
- Jena, Ajay Kumar; Chen, Hsin-Wei; Kogo, Atsushi
- ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 7, Issue 18
Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells with Reduced Hysteresis and Enhanced Open Circuit Voltage by Using PW 12 –TiO 2 as Electron Transport Layer
journal, March 2016
- Huang, Chun; Liu, Canjun; Di, Yunxiang
- ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 8, Issue 13
Atomic Layer Deposition of Photocatalytic TiO2 Thin Films from Titanium Tetramethoxide and Water
journal, June 2004
- Pore, V.; Rahtu, A.; Leskelä, M.
- Chemical Vapor Deposition, Vol. 10, Issue 3
Atomic layer epitaxy growth of titanium dioxide thin films from titanium ethoxide
journal, April 1994
- Ritala, Mikko; Leskela, Markku; Rauhala, Eero
- Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 4
TiO2-Based Thin Film Transistors with Amorphous and Anatase Channel Layer
journal, January 2011
- Shih, W. S.; Young, S. J.; Ji, L. W.
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 158, Issue 6
Hysteresis and transient behavior in current–voltage measurements of hybrid-perovskite absorber solar cells
journal, January 2014
- Unger, E. L.; Hoke, E. T.; Bailie, C. D.
- Energy Environ. Sci., Vol. 7, Issue 11
Works referencing / citing this record:
Pinhole-free TiO 2 /Ag (O) /ZnO configuration for flexible perovskite solar cells with ultralow optoelectrical loss
journal, January 2019
- Jeong, Eunwook; Bae, Soohyun; Park, Jong Bae
- RSC Advances, Vol. 9, Issue 16
To Be Higher and Stronger—Metal Oxide Electron Transport Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, August 2019
- Zhou, Yu; Li, Xin; Lin, Hong
- Small, Vol. 16, Issue 15
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) of nanoscale coatings on SrAl 2 O 4 ‐based phosphor powders to prevent aqueous degradation
journal, February 2020
- Karacaoglu, Erkul; Öztürk, Esra; Uyaner, Mesut
- Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 103, Issue 6
Energy Level Alignment at Interfaces in Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, July 2018
- Wang, Shenghao; Sakurai, Takeaki; Wen, Weijia
- Advanced Materials Interfaces, Vol. 5, Issue 22
Thermodynamically self-organized hole transport layers for high-efficiency inverted-planar perovskite solar cells
journal, January 2017
- Kim, Wanjung; Kim, Soyeon; Chai, Sung Uk
- Nanoscale, Vol. 9, Issue 34
Metal Oxide Charge Transport Layers for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, June 2019
- Shin, Seong Sik; Lee, Seon Joo; Seok, Sang Il
- Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 47
Improved Reproducibility of PbS Colloidal Quantum Dots Solar Cells Using Atomic Layer–Deposited TiO 2
journal, September 2019
- Sukharevska, Nataliia; Bederak, Dmytro; Dirin, Dmitry
- Energy Technology, Vol. 8, Issue 1
Low-Temperature Soft-Cover-Assisted Hydrolysis Deposition of Large-Scale TiO2 Layer for Efficient Perovskite Solar Modules
journal, April 2018
- He, Jinjin; Bi, Enbing; Tang, Wentao
- Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 10, Issue 3
Optimization of TiO 2 compact layer formed by atomic layer deposition for efficient perovskite solar cells
journal, November 2019
- Kim, Tae Woong; Uchida, Satoshi; Kondo, Takashi
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 20
Energy Level Alignment at Interfaces in Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, March 2020
- Wang, Shenghao; Sakurai, Takeaki; Wen, Weijia
- Advanced Materials Interfaces, Vol. 7, Issue 8
Improved Reproducibility of PbS Colloidal Quantum Dots Solar Cells Using Atomic Layer-Deposited TiO2
text, January 2020
- Sukharevska, Nataliia; Bederak, Dmytro; Dirin, Dmitry
- ETH Zurich