Impact of Conformality and Crystallinity for Ultrathin 4 nm Compact TiO2 Layers in Perovskite Solar Cells
Abstract
The rapid rise in power conversion efficiencies of lead-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has established their promise, motivating scale-up and commercialization. As a thin film solar cell, interfacial properties are key to the performance of PSCs; there is a need to further understand which properties are important to control. Here, the impact of the compact TiO2 (com-TiO2) film properties on the performance of mesoporous PSCs is studied. Com-TiO2 layers are fabricated by spray pyrolysis as well as by atomic layer deposition (ALD), using ALD as a proof-of-concept method to achieve highly conformal films of precisely controlled thickness. The com-TiO2 layers’ conformality and surface roughness are examined by microscopy techniques; their relative crystallinity is studied by grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction with a synchrotron source and an in situ annealing chamber; and completed devices are analyzed by J–V and impedance spectroscopy techniques. The results show that an ultraconformal comTiO2 layer can be thinned to 4 nm and match the performance of a ≈50 nm spray-pyrolysis TiO2 layer. This work concludes that film conformality is the primary consideration for creating a high-performing com-TiO2 layer, overriding any effects of flm crystallinity—a fnding that can guide fabrication choices for the scale-up of PSCs.
- Authors:
-
- Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
- SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Center on Nanostructuring for Efficient Energy Conversion (CNEEC); Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Solar Energy Technologies Office; National Science Foundation (NSF)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1579794
- Grant/Contract Number:
- EE0004946
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Advanced Materials Interfaces
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 3; Journal Issue: 21; Journal ID: ISSN 2196-7350
- Publisher:
- Wiley-VCH
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; atomic layer deposition; GIXRD; hole‐blocking; layers; rutile TiO2
Citation Formats
Roelofs, Katherine E., Pool, Vanessa L., Bobb-Semple, Dara A., Palmstrom, Axel F., Santra, Pralay K., Van Campen, Douglas G., Toney, Michael F., and Bent, Stacey F. Impact of Conformality and Crystallinity for Ultrathin 4 nm Compact TiO2 Layers in Perovskite Solar Cells. United States: N. p., 2016.
Web. doi:10.1002/admi.201600580.
Roelofs, Katherine E., Pool, Vanessa L., Bobb-Semple, Dara A., Palmstrom, Axel F., Santra, Pralay K., Van Campen, Douglas G., Toney, Michael F., & Bent, Stacey F. Impact of Conformality and Crystallinity for Ultrathin 4 nm Compact TiO2 Layers in Perovskite Solar Cells. United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201600580
Roelofs, Katherine E., Pool, Vanessa L., Bobb-Semple, Dara A., Palmstrom, Axel F., Santra, Pralay K., Van Campen, Douglas G., Toney, Michael F., and Bent, Stacey F. Thu .
"Impact of Conformality and Crystallinity for Ultrathin 4 nm Compact TiO2 Layers in Perovskite Solar Cells". United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201600580. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1579794.
@article{osti_1579794,
title = {Impact of Conformality and Crystallinity for Ultrathin 4 nm Compact TiO2 Layers in Perovskite Solar Cells},
author = {Roelofs, Katherine E. and Pool, Vanessa L. and Bobb-Semple, Dara A. and Palmstrom, Axel F. and Santra, Pralay K. and Van Campen, Douglas G. and Toney, Michael F. and Bent, Stacey F.},
abstractNote = {The rapid rise in power conversion efficiencies of lead-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has established their promise, motivating scale-up and commercialization. As a thin film solar cell, interfacial properties are key to the performance of PSCs; there is a need to further understand which properties are important to control. Here, the impact of the compact TiO2 (com-TiO2) film properties on the performance of mesoporous PSCs is studied. Com-TiO2 layers are fabricated by spray pyrolysis as well as by atomic layer deposition (ALD), using ALD as a proof-of-concept method to achieve highly conformal films of precisely controlled thickness. The com-TiO2 layers’ conformality and surface roughness are examined by microscopy techniques; their relative crystallinity is studied by grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction with a synchrotron source and an in situ annealing chamber; and completed devices are analyzed by J–V and impedance spectroscopy techniques. The results show that an ultraconformal comTiO2 layer can be thinned to 4 nm and match the performance of a ≈50 nm spray-pyrolysis TiO2 layer. This work concludes that film conformality is the primary consideration for creating a high-performing com-TiO2 layer, overriding any effects of flm crystallinity—a fnding that can guide fabrication choices for the scale-up of PSCs.},
doi = {10.1002/admi.201600580},
journal = {Advanced Materials Interfaces},
number = 21,
volume = 3,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Aug 25 00:00:00 EDT 2016},
month = {Thu Aug 25 00:00:00 EDT 2016}
}
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Emerging Organic and Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Photovoltaic Devices for Specialty Applications: Low-Level-Lighting Energy Conversion and Biomedical Treatment
journal, October 2018
- Chen, Fang-Chung
- Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 1
Electrodeposition of SnO2 on FTO and its Application in Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells as an Electron Transport Layer
journal, August 2017
- Ko, Yohan; Kim, Yeong Rim; Jang, Haneol
- Nanoscale Research Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 1
Electrodeposition of SnO2 on FTO and its Application in Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells as an Electron Transport Layer
journal, August 2017
- Ko, Yohan; Kim, Yeong Rim; Jang, Haneol
- Nanoscale Research Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 1