High temperature materials for heavy duty diesel engines: Historical and future trends
Abstract
We report that heavy duty (HD) vehicles are projected to be the largest fuel-use subsector in transportation, with current demand for diesel fuel projected to grow 30% by 2040. Historically, a primary strategy for increasing diesel engine efficiency has been to increase peak cylinder pressure (PCP). However, increasing PCP imparts greater mechanical and thermal loads on engine components and materials. In recent years, the material property limits for many components have been reached and further increases in PCP above ~20 MPa have been difficult, while still maintaining the necessary affordability and longevity of on-road HD diesel engines. This paper reviews the historical evolution and major metallurgical advancements of high temperature materials in HD on road diesel engines (10–15 L displacement) up to the current state of the art, focusing on materials in the engine block, cylinder heads, pistons, valves, and exhaust components. These components cover a wide range of material classes, including cast iron, ferritic steel, austenitic steel, titanium alloys, nickel based super-alloys, and high temperature coatings. Finally, the microstructural degradation and failure mechanisms of the materials associated with the complex mechanical and thermal loading during service are discussed and key areas for future materials research are suggested that overcomemore »
- Authors:
-
[1];
[1];
[1];
[1];
[1];
[1]
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Cummins Inc., Columbus, IN (United States)
- Valvoline, Inc., Lexington, KY (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office (EE-3V)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1561678
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1560916
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-00OR22725
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Progress in Materials Science
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 103; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0079-6425
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; Diesel engines; Cast iron; Martensitic steel; Austenitic steel; Microalloyed steel; Nickel based superalloys
Citation Formats
Pierce, Dean T., Haynes, James A., Hughes, Jeff, Graves, Ronald L., Maziasz, Philip J., Muralidharan, Govindarajan, Shyam, Amit, Wang, Ben, England, Roger, and Daniel, Claus. High temperature materials for heavy duty diesel engines: Historical and future trends. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2018.10.004.
Pierce, Dean T., Haynes, James A., Hughes, Jeff, Graves, Ronald L., Maziasz, Philip J., Muralidharan, Govindarajan, Shyam, Amit, Wang, Ben, England, Roger, & Daniel, Claus. High temperature materials for heavy duty diesel engines: Historical and future trends. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2018.10.004
Pierce, Dean T., Haynes, James A., Hughes, Jeff, Graves, Ronald L., Maziasz, Philip J., Muralidharan, Govindarajan, Shyam, Amit, Wang, Ben, England, Roger, and Daniel, Claus. Wed .
"High temperature materials for heavy duty diesel engines: Historical and future trends". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2018.10.004. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1561678.
@article{osti_1561678,
title = {High temperature materials for heavy duty diesel engines: Historical and future trends},
author = {Pierce, Dean T. and Haynes, James A. and Hughes, Jeff and Graves, Ronald L. and Maziasz, Philip J. and Muralidharan, Govindarajan and Shyam, Amit and Wang, Ben and England, Roger and Daniel, Claus},
abstractNote = {We report that heavy duty (HD) vehicles are projected to be the largest fuel-use subsector in transportation, with current demand for diesel fuel projected to grow 30% by 2040. Historically, a primary strategy for increasing diesel engine efficiency has been to increase peak cylinder pressure (PCP). However, increasing PCP imparts greater mechanical and thermal loads on engine components and materials. In recent years, the material property limits for many components have been reached and further increases in PCP above ~20 MPa have been difficult, while still maintaining the necessary affordability and longevity of on-road HD diesel engines. This paper reviews the historical evolution and major metallurgical advancements of high temperature materials in HD on road diesel engines (10–15 L displacement) up to the current state of the art, focusing on materials in the engine block, cylinder heads, pistons, valves, and exhaust components. These components cover a wide range of material classes, including cast iron, ferritic steel, austenitic steel, titanium alloys, nickel based super-alloys, and high temperature coatings. Finally, the microstructural degradation and failure mechanisms of the materials associated with the complex mechanical and thermal loading during service are discussed and key areas for future materials research are suggested that overcome technical barriers.},
doi = {10.1016/j.pmatsci.2018.10.004},
journal = {Progress in Materials Science},
number = C,
volume = 103,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Oct 24 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Wed Oct 24 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}
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Figures / Tables:
Figure 1: Projected world energy consumption in million oil-equivalent barrels per day (MBDOE) between 2000 and 2040 for specific transportation sectors. The largest world growth by volume is for HD vehicles. These data are reproduced from [10].
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Works referencing / citing this record:
Increasing the roundness of deformed cylinder liner in internal combustion engines by using a non-circular liner profile
journal, December 2019
- Alshwawra, Ahmad; Pasligh, Henning; Hansen, Hauke
- International Journal of Engine Research
Figures / Tables found in this record:
Figures/Tables have been extracted from DOE-funded journal article accepted manuscripts.