Interfacial Effects of Tin Oxide Atomic Layer Deposition in Metal Halide Perovskite Photovoltaics

Palmstrom, Axel F.; Raiford, James A.; Prasanna, Rohit; Bush, Kevin A.; Sponseller, Melany; Cheacharoen, Rongrong; Minichetti, Maxmillian C.; Bergsman, David S.; Leijtens, Tomas; Wang, Hsin-Ping; Bulović, Vladimir; McGehee, Michael D.; Bent, Stacey F.

doi:10.1002/aenm.201800591

Title: Interfacial Effects of Tin Oxide Atomic Layer Deposition in Metal Halide Perovskite Photovoltaics

Journal Article · Mon Jun 25 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Advanced Energy Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201800591· OSTI ID:1671800

^[1]; Raiford, James A. ^[1]; Prasanna, Rohit ^[1]; Bush, Kevin A. ^[1]; Sponseller, Melany ^[2]; Cheacharoen, Rongrong ^[1]; Minichetti, Maxmillian C. ^[1]; Bergsman, David S. ^[1]; Leijtens, Tomas ^[1]; Wang, Hsin-Ping ^[1]; Bulović, Vladimir ^[2]; McGehee, Michael D. ^[1]; Bent, Stacey F. ^[1]

Stanford University, CA (United States)
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (United States)

Metal halide perovskites offer a wide and tunable bandgap, making them promising candidates for top–cell absorbers in tandem photovoltaics. In this work, the authors aim to understand the atomic layer deposition (ALD) precursor–perovskite interactions of the tin oxide ALD system and the role of organic fullerenes at the perovskite–tin oxide interface while establishing a framework for developing alternative perovskite–compatible ALD processes in the future. It is shown, in the case of tin oxide ALD growth with tetrakis(dimethylamino)tin(IV) and water on FA_0.83Cs_0.17Pb(I_0.83Br_0.17)₃ perovskite, that perovskite stability is most sensitive to metal–organic exposure at elevated temperatures with an onset near 110 °C, resulting in removal of the formamidinium cation. Transitioning from ALD to pulsed–chemical vapor deposition tin oxide growth can minimize the degradation effects. Investigation of fullerenes at the perovskite interface shows that thin fullerene layers offer minor improvements to perovskite stability under ALD conditions, but significant enhancement in carrier extraction. Fullerene materials are undesirable due to fabrication cost and poor mechanical stability. Compositional tuning of the perovskite material can improve the fullerene–free device performance. Furthermore, this method is demonstrated with a bromine–rich perovskite phase to enable an 8.2% efficient perovskite device with all–inorganic extraction layers.

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Research Organization:: Stanford Univ., CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

Grant/Contract Number:: EE0008167; EE0008154

OSTI ID:: 1671800

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1457065

Journal Information:: Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 23; ISSN 1614-6832

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 54 works

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