Reaching a burning plasma and ignition using smaller capsules/Hohlraums, higher radiation temperatures, and thicker ablator/ice on the national ignition facility
Abstract
In indirect-drive implosions, the final core hot spot energy and pressure and, hence, neutron yield attainable in 1D increase with increasing laser peak power and, hence, radiation drive temperature at the fixed capsule and Hohlraum size. Here we present simple analytic scalings validated by 1D simulations that quantify the improvement in performance and use this to explain existing data and simulation trends. Extrapolating to the 500 TW National Ignition Facility peak power limit in a low gas-fill 5.4 mm diameter Hohlraum based on existing high adiabat implosion data at 400 TW, 1.3 MJ and 1 × 1016 yield, we find that a 2–3 × 1017 yield (0.5–0.7 MJ) is plausible using only 1.8 MJ of laser energy. Based on existing data varying deuterium–tritium (DT) fuel thickness and dopant areal density, further improvements should be possible by increasing DT fuel areal density, and hence confinement time and yield amplification.
- Authors:
-
more »
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- University of Rochester, NY (United States). Laboratory for Laser Energetics
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); General Atomics
- OSTI Identifier:
- 2280485
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1960092
- Report Number(s):
- LLNL-JRNL-830844
Journal ID: ISSN 1070-664X; 1047234
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC52-07NA27344; NA0001808
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Physics of Plasmas
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 30; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 1070-664X
- Publisher:
- American Institute of Physics (AIP)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY; alpha particles; nuclear fusion; deuterium; tritium; Lawson criterion; ignition; plasma confinement; plasma instabilities; growth factors
Citation Formats
Baker, K. L., Thomas, C. A., Landen, O. L., Haan, S., Lindl, J. D., Casey, D. T., Young, C., Nora, R., Hurricane, O. A., Callahan, D. A., Jones, O., Berzak Hopkins, L., Khan, S., Spears, B. K., Le Pape, S., Meezan, N. B., Ho, D. D., Döppner, T., Hinkel, D., Dewald, E. L., Tommasini, R., Hohenberger, M., Weber, C., Clark, D., Woods, D. T., Milovich, J. L., Strozzi, D., Kritcher, A., Robey, H. F., Ross, J. S., Smalyuk, V. A., Amendt, P. A., Bachmann, B., Benedetti, L. R., Bionta, R., Celliers, P. M., Fittinghoff, D., Goyon, C., Hatarik, R., Izumi, N., Gatu Johnson, M., Kyrala, G., Ma, T., Meaney, K., Millot, M., Nagel, S. R., Patel, P. K., Turnbull, D., Volegov, P. L., Yeamans, C., and Wilde, C. Reaching a burning plasma and ignition using smaller capsules/Hohlraums, higher radiation temperatures, and thicker ablator/ice on the national ignition facility. United States: N. p., 2023.
Web. doi:10.1063/5.0131180.
Baker, K. L., Thomas, C. A., Landen, O. L., Haan, S., Lindl, J. D., Casey, D. T., Young, C., Nora, R., Hurricane, O. A., Callahan, D. A., Jones, O., Berzak Hopkins, L., Khan, S., Spears, B. K., Le Pape, S., Meezan, N. B., Ho, D. D., Döppner, T., Hinkel, D., Dewald, E. L., Tommasini, R., Hohenberger, M., Weber, C., Clark, D., Woods, D. T., Milovich, J. L., Strozzi, D., Kritcher, A., Robey, H. F., Ross, J. S., Smalyuk, V. A., Amendt, P. A., Bachmann, B., Benedetti, L. R., Bionta, R., Celliers, P. M., Fittinghoff, D., Goyon, C., Hatarik, R., Izumi, N., Gatu Johnson, M., Kyrala, G., Ma, T., Meaney, K., Millot, M., Nagel, S. R., Patel, P. K., Turnbull, D., Volegov, P. L., Yeamans, C., & Wilde, C. Reaching a burning plasma and ignition using smaller capsules/Hohlraums, higher radiation temperatures, and thicker ablator/ice on the national ignition facility. United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0131180
Baker, K. L., Thomas, C. A., Landen, O. L., Haan, S., Lindl, J. D., Casey, D. T., Young, C., Nora, R., Hurricane, O. A., Callahan, D. A., Jones, O., Berzak Hopkins, L., Khan, S., Spears, B. K., Le Pape, S., Meezan, N. B., Ho, D. D., Döppner, T., Hinkel, D., Dewald, E. L., Tommasini, R., Hohenberger, M., Weber, C., Clark, D., Woods, D. T., Milovich, J. L., Strozzi, D., Kritcher, A., Robey, H. F., Ross, J. S., Smalyuk, V. A., Amendt, P. A., Bachmann, B., Benedetti, L. R., Bionta, R., Celliers, P. M., Fittinghoff, D., Goyon, C., Hatarik, R., Izumi, N., Gatu Johnson, M., Kyrala, G., Ma, T., Meaney, K., Millot, M., Nagel, S. R., Patel, P. K., Turnbull, D., Volegov, P. L., Yeamans, C., and Wilde, C. Mon .
"Reaching a burning plasma and ignition using smaller capsules/Hohlraums, higher radiation temperatures, and thicker ablator/ice on the national ignition facility". United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0131180. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2280485.
@article{osti_2280485,
title = {Reaching a burning plasma and ignition using smaller capsules/Hohlraums, higher radiation temperatures, and thicker ablator/ice on the national ignition facility},
author = {Baker, K. L. and Thomas, C. A. and Landen, O. L. and Haan, S. and Lindl, J. D. and Casey, D. T. and Young, C. and Nora, R. and Hurricane, O. A. and Callahan, D. A. and Jones, O. and Berzak Hopkins, L. and Khan, S. and Spears, B. K. and Le Pape, S. and Meezan, N. B. and Ho, D. D. and Döppner, T. and Hinkel, D. and Dewald, E. L. and Tommasini, R. and Hohenberger, M. and Weber, C. and Clark, D. and Woods, D. T. and Milovich, J. L. and Strozzi, D. and Kritcher, A. and Robey, H. F. and Ross, J. S. and Smalyuk, V. A. and Amendt, P. A. and Bachmann, B. and Benedetti, L. R. and Bionta, R. and Celliers, P. M. and Fittinghoff, D. and Goyon, C. and Hatarik, R. and Izumi, N. and Gatu Johnson, M. and Kyrala, G. and Ma, T. and Meaney, K. and Millot, M. and Nagel, S. R. and Patel, P. K. and Turnbull, D. and Volegov, P. L. and Yeamans, C. and Wilde, C.},
abstractNote = {In indirect-drive implosions, the final core hot spot energy and pressure and, hence, neutron yield attainable in 1D increase with increasing laser peak power and, hence, radiation drive temperature at the fixed capsule and Hohlraum size. Here we present simple analytic scalings validated by 1D simulations that quantify the improvement in performance and use this to explain existing data and simulation trends. Extrapolating to the 500 TW National Ignition Facility peak power limit in a low gas-fill 5.4 mm diameter Hohlraum based on existing high adiabat implosion data at 400 TW, 1.3 MJ and 1 × 1016 yield, we find that a 2–3 × 1017 yield (0.5–0.7 MJ) is plausible using only 1.8 MJ of laser energy. Based on existing data varying deuterium–tritium (DT) fuel thickness and dopant areal density, further improvements should be possible by increasing DT fuel areal density, and hence confinement time and yield amplification.},
doi = {10.1063/5.0131180},
journal = {Physics of Plasmas},
number = 3,
volume = 30,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Mar 06 00:00:00 EST 2023},
month = {Mon Mar 06 00:00:00 EST 2023}
}
Works referenced in this record:
Development of the indirect‐drive approach to inertial confinement fusion and the target physics basis for ignition and gain
journal, November 1995
- Lindl, John
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 2, Issue 11
High-Performance Indirect-Drive Cryogenic Implosions at High Adiabat on the National Ignition Facility
journal, September 2018
- Baker, K. L.; Thomas, C. A.; Casey, D. T.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 121, Issue 13
A generalized scaling law for the ignition energy of inertial confinement fusion capsules
journal, January 2001
- Herrmann, M. C.; Tabak, M.; Lindl, J. D.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 41, Issue 1
Hydroscaling indirect-drive implosions on the National Ignition Facility
journal, June 2022
- Baker, K. L.; Jones, O.; Weber, C.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 29, Issue 6
Alpha heating of indirect-drive layered implosions on the National Ignition Facility
journal, January 2023
- Baker, K. L.; MacLaren, S.; Jones, O.
- Physical Review E, Vol. 107, Issue 1
Hotspot parameter scaling with velocity and yield for high-adiabat layered implosions at the National Ignition Facility
journal, August 2020
- Baker, K. L.; Thomas, C. A.; Casey, D. T.
- Physical Review E, Vol. 102, Issue 2
Hotspot conditions achieved in inertial confinement fusion experiments on the National Ignition Facility
journal, May 2020
- Patel, P. K.; Springer, P. T.; Weber, C. R.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 27, Issue 5
The high velocity, high adiabat, “Bigfoot” campaign and tests of indirect-drive implosion scaling
journal, May 2018
- Casey, D. T.; Thomas, C. A.; Baker, K. L.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 5
Deficiencies in compression and yield in x-ray-driven implosions
journal, November 2020
- Thomas, C. A.; Campbell, E. M.; Baker, K. L.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 27, Issue 11
Principal factors in performance of indirect-drive laser fusion experiments
journal, November 2020
- Thomas, C. A.; Campbell, E. M.; Baker, K. L.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 27, Issue 11
Experiments to explore the influence of pulse shaping at the National Ignition Facility
journal, November 2020
- Thomas, C. A.; Campbell, E. M.; Baker, K. L.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 27, Issue 11
Maintaining low-mode symmetry control with extended pulse shapes for lower-adiabat Bigfoot implosions on the National Ignition Facility
journal, November 2019
- Hohenberger, M.; Casey, D. T.; Thomas, C. A.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 26, Issue 11
Stimulated backscatter of laser light from BigFoot hohlraums on the National Ignition Facility
journal, January 2019
- Berger, R. L.; Thomas, C. A.; Baker, K. L.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 26, Issue 1
High-density carbon ablator experiments on the National Ignition Facility
journal, May 2014
- MacKinnon, A. J.; Meezan, N. B.; Ross, J. S.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 21, Issue 5
Fusion Energy Output Greater than the Kinetic Energy of an Imploding Shell at the National Ignition Facility
journal, June 2018
- Le Pape, S.; Berzak Hopkins, L. F.; Divol, L.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 120, Issue 24
First High-Convergence Cryogenic Implosion in a Near-Vacuum Hohlraum
journal, April 2015
- Berzak Hopkins, L. F.; Meezan, N. B.; Le Pape, S.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 17
Cryogenic tritium-hydrogen-deuterium and deuterium-tritium layer implosions with high density carbon ablators in near-vacuum hohlraums
journal, June 2015
- Meezan, N. B.; Berzak Hopkins, L. F.; Le Pape, S.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 22, Issue 6
Implosion configurations for robust ignition using high- density carbon (diamond) ablator for indirect-drive ICF at the National Ignition Facility
journal, May 2016
- Ho, D. D. -M.; Haan, S. W.; Salmonson, J. D.
- Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 717
Symmetry control of an indirectly driven high-density-carbon implosion at high convergence and high velocity
journal, May 2017
- Divol, L.; Pak, A.; Berzak Hopkins, L. F.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 24, Issue 5
The physics basis for ignition using indirect-drive targets on the National Ignition Facility
journal, February 2004
- Lindl, John D.; Amendt, Peter; Berger, Richard L.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 11, Issue 2
Numerical modeling of Hohlraum radiation conditions: Spatial and spectral variations due to sample position, beam pointing, and Hohlraum geometry
journal, December 2005
- Cohen, David H.; Landen, Otto L.; MacFarlane, Joseph J.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 12, Issue 12
Fuel convergence sensitivity in indirect drive implosions
journal, April 2021
- Landen, O. L.; Lindl, J. D.; Haan, S. W.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 28, Issue 4
X-ray ablation rates in inertial confinement fusion capsule materials
journal, March 2011
- Olson, R. E.; Rochau, G. A.; Landen, O. L.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 18, Issue 3
Convergent ablation measurements of plastic ablators in gas-filled rugby hohlraums on OMEGA
journal, October 2015
- Casner, A.; Jalinaud, T.; Masse, L.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 22, Issue 10
X-ray driven implosions at ignition relevant velocities on the National Ignition Facility
journal, May 2013
- Meezan, N. B.; MacKinnon, A. J.; Hicks, D. G.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 20, Issue 5
Progress toward a self-consistent set of 1D ignition capsule metrics in ICF
journal, December 2018
- Lindl, J. D.; Haan, S. W.; Landen, O. L.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 12
Hot-spot dynamics and deceleration-phase Rayleigh–Taylor instability of imploding inertial confinement fusion capsules
journal, December 2001
- Betti, R.; Umansky, M.; Lobatchev, V.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 8, Issue 12
Deceleration phase of inertial confinement fusion implosions
journal, May 2002
- Betti, R.; Anderson, K.; Goncharov, V. N.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 9, Issue 5
Impact of hohlraum cooling on ignition metrics for inertial fusion implosions
journal, January 2023
- Lindl, John D.; Haan, Steven W.; Landen, Otto L.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 30, Issue 1
Fuel gain exceeding unity in an inertially confined fusion implosion
journal, February 2014
- Hurricane, O. A.; Callahan, D. A.; Casey, D. T.
- Nature, Vol. 506, Issue 7488
Acceleration and deceleration model of indirect drive ICF capsules
journal, November 2006
- Saillard, Yves
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 46, Issue 12
Hohlraum energetics scaling to 520 TW on the National Ignition Facility
journal, May 2013
- Kline, J. L.; Callahan, D. A.; Glenzer, S. H.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 20, Issue 5
Review of the National Ignition Campaign 2009-2012
journal, February 2014
- Lindl, John; Landen, Otto; Edwards, John
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 21, Issue 2
Achieving 280 Gbar hot spot pressure in DT-layered CH capsule implosions at the National Ignition Facility
journal, April 2020
- Döppner, T.; Hinkel, D. E.; Jarrott, L. C.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 27, Issue 4
Exploring the limits of case-to-capsule ratio, pulse length, and picket energy for symmetric hohlraum drive on the National Ignition Facility Laser
journal, May 2018
- Callahan, D. A.; Hurricane, O. A.; Ralph, J. E.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 5
Low mode implosion symmetry sensitivity in low gas-fill NIF cylindrical hohlraums
journal, February 2021
- Izumi, N.; Woods, D. T.; Meezan, N. B.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 28, Issue 2
Demonstration of time-dependent symmetry control in hohlraums by drive-beam staggering
journal, January 2000
- Turner, R. E.; Amendt, P.; Landen, O. L.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 7, Issue 1
Optimization of Backscatter and Symmetry for Laser Fusion Experiments Using Multiple Tunable Wavelengths
journal, October 2022
- Ralph, J. E.; Michel, P.; MacGowan, B. J.
- Physical Review Applied, Vol. 18, Issue 4
Record Energetics for an Inertial Fusion Implosion at NIF
journal, January 2021
- Zylstra, A. B.; Kritcher, A. L.; Hurricane, O. A.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 126, Issue 2
Achieving record hot spot energies with large HDC implosions on NIF in HYBRID-E
journal, July 2021
- Kritcher, A. L.; Zylstra, A. B.; Callahan, D. A.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 28, Issue 7
Symmetric fielding of the largest diamond capsule implosions on the NIF
journal, May 2020
- Kritcher, A. L.; Casey, D. T.; Thomas, C. A.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 27, Issue 5, 052710
Integrated performance of large HDC-capsule implosions on the National Ignition Facility
journal, November 2020
- Hohenberger, M.; Casey, D. T.; Kritcher, A. L.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 27, Issue 11
Hydrodynamic instability growth of three-dimensional modulations in radiation-driven implosions with “low-foot” and “high-foot” drives at the National Ignition Facility
journal, April 2017
- Smalyuk, V. A.; Weber, C. R.; Robey, H. F.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 24, Issue 4
The high-foot implosion campaign on the National Ignition Facility
journal, May 2014
- Hurricane, O. A.; Callahan, D. A.; Casey, D. T.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 21, Issue 5
High-Adiabat High-Foot Inertial Confinement Fusion Implosion Experiments on the National Ignition Facility
journal, February 2014
- Park, H. -S.; Hurricane, O. A.; Callahan, D. A.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 5
Design of a High-Foot High-Adiabat ICF Capsule for the National Ignition Facility
journal, February 2014
- Dittrich, T. R.; Hurricane, O. A.; Callahan, D. A.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 5
Optimization of capsule dopant levels to improve fuel areal density*
journal, November 2020
- Hinkel, D. E.; Döppner, T.; Masse, L. P.
- High Energy Density Physics, Vol. 37
Adiabat-shaping in indirect drive inertial confinement fusion
journal, May 2015
- Baker, K. L.; Robey, H. F.; Milovich, J. L.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 22, Issue 5
Improved Performance of High Areal Density Indirect Drive Implosions at the National Ignition Facility using a Four-Shock Adiabat Shaped Drive
journal, September 2015
- Casey, D. T.; Milovich, J. L.; Smalyuk, V. A.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 10
Experimental results of radiation-driven, layered deuterium-tritium implosions with adiabat-shaped drives at the National Ignition Facility
journal, October 2016
- Smalyuk, V. A.; Robey, H. F.; Döppner, T.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 23, Issue 10
The I-Raum: A new shaped hohlraum for improved inner beam propagation in indirectly-driven ICF implosions on the National Ignition Facility
journal, January 2018
- Robey, H. F.; Berzak Hopkins, L.; Milovich, J. L.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 1
Experimental achievement and signatures of ignition at the National Ignition Facility
journal, August 2022
- Zylstra, A. B.; Kritcher, A. L.; Hurricane, O. A.
- Physical Review E, Vol. 106, Issue 2
Design of an inertial fusion experiment exceeding the Lawson criterion for ignition
journal, August 2022
- Kritcher, A. L.; Zylstra, A. B.; Callahan, D. A.
- Physical Review E, Vol. 106, Issue 2
Lawson Criterion for Ignition Exceeded in an Inertial Fusion Experiment
journal, August 2022
- Abu-Shawareb, H.; Acree, R.; Adams, P.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 129, Issue 7
Improving the hot-spot pressure and demonstrating ignition hydrodynamic equivalence in cryogenic deuterium–tritium implosions on OMEGA
journal, May 2014
- Goncharov, V. N.; Sangster, T. C.; Betti, R.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 21, Issue 5
Precision Shock Tuning on the National Ignition Facility
journal, May 2012
- Robey, H. F.; Celliers, P. M.; Kline, J. L.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 108, Issue 21
Progress in the indirect-drive National Ignition Campaign
journal, November 2012
- Landen, O. L.; Benedetti, R.; Bleuel, D.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 54, Issue 12
Extensions of a classical mechanics “piston-model” for understanding the impact of asymmetry on ICF implosions: The cases of mode 2, mode 2/1 coupling, time-dependent asymmetry, and the relationship to coast-time
journal, January 2022
- Hurricane, O. A.; Casey, D. T.; Landen, O.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 29, Issue 1
Three dimensional low-mode areal-density non-uniformities in indirect-drive implosions at the National Ignition Facility
journal, April 2021
- Casey, D. T.; Landen, O. L.; Hartouni, E.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 28, Issue 4
Yield and compression trends and reproducibility at NIF*
journal, August 2020
- Landen, O. L.; Casey, D. T.; DiNicola, J. M.
- High Energy Density Physics, Vol. 36
Demonstration of High Performance in Layered Deuterium-Tritium Capsule Implosions in Uranium Hohlraums at the National Ignition Facility
journal, July 2015
- Döppner, T.; Callahan, D. A.; Hurricane, O. A.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 5
Ultra-high (>30%) coupling efficiency designs for demonstrating central hot-spot ignition on the National Ignition Facility using a Frustraum
journal, August 2019
- Amendt, Peter; Ho, Darwin; Ping, Yuan
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 26, Issue 8
Development of Improved Radiation Drive Environment for High Foot Implosions at the National Ignition Facility
journal, November 2016
- Hinkel, D. E.; Berzak Hopkins, L. F.; Ma, T.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 117, Issue 22
Design of inertial fusion implosions reaching the burning plasma regime
journal, January 2022
- Kritcher, A. L.; Young, C. V.; Robey, H. F.
- Nature Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 3
Increasing stagnation pressure and thermonuclear performance of inertial confinement fusion capsules by the introduction of a high-Z dopant
journal, August 2018
- Berzak Hopkins, L.; Divol, L.; Weber, C.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 8