Revealing the Origin of Time-Reversal Symmetry Breaking in Fe-Chalcogenide Superconductor FeTe1-xSex

Farhang, Camron; Zaki, Nader; Wang, Jingyuan; Gu, Genda; Johnson, Peter D.; Xia, Jing

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.130.046702

Title: Revealing the Origin of Time-Reversal Symmetry Breaking in Fe-Chalcogenide Superconductor FeTe 1 - x Se x

Abstract

We report that recently evidence has emerged in the topological superconductor Fe-chalcogenide FeTe_1-xSe_x for time-reversal symmetry breaking (TRSB), the nature of which has strong implications on the Majorana zero modes (MZM) discovered in this system. It remains unclear however whether the TRSB resides in the topological surface state (TSS) or in the bulk, and whether it is due to an unconventional TRSB superconducting order parameter or an intertwined order. Here by performing in superconducting FeTe_1-xSe_x crystals both surface-magneto-optic-Kerr effect (SMOKE) measurements using a Sagnac interferometer and bulk magnetic susceptibility measurements, we pinpoint the TRSB to the TSS, where we also detect a Dirac gap. Further, we observe surface TRSB in non-superconducting FeTe_1-xSe_x of nominally identical composition, indicating that TRSB arises from an intertwined surface ferromagnetic (FM) order. The observed surface FM bears striking similarities to the two-dimensional (2D) FM found in 2D van der Waals crystals, and is highly sensitive to the exact chemical composition, thereby providing a means for optimizing the conditions for Majorana particles that are useful for robust quantum computing.

Authors:

^[1]; Zaki, Nader ^[2];

^[1]; Gu, Genda ^[2];

^[2]; Xia, Jing ^[1]

University of California, Irvine, CA (United States)
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Dept.

Publication Date:: Wed Jan 25 00:00:00 EST 2023

Research Org.:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); National Science Foundation (NSF); Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation

OSTI Identifier:: 1960163

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1916509

Report Number(s):: BNL-223900-2023-JAAM
Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007; TRN: US2312942

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704; DMR-1807817; GBMF10276; DOE-sc0012704

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physical Review Letters

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 130; Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY; magnetism; superconductivity; topological materials

Citation Formats


                    Farhang, Camron, Zaki, Nader, Wang, Jingyuan, Gu, Genda, Johnson, Peter D., and Xia, Jing. Revealing the Origin of Time-Reversal Symmetry Breaking in Fe-Chalcogenide Superconductor FeTe1-xSex.  United States: N. p., 2023. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/physrevlett.130.046702.

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                    Farhang, Camron, Zaki, Nader, Wang, Jingyuan, Gu, Genda, Johnson, Peter D., & Xia, Jing. Revealing the Origin of Time-Reversal Symmetry Breaking in Fe-Chalcogenide Superconductor FeTe1-xSex.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.130.046702

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                    Farhang, Camron, Zaki, Nader, Wang, Jingyuan, Gu, Genda, Johnson, Peter D., and Xia, Jing. Wed .  
"Revealing the Origin of Time-Reversal Symmetry Breaking in Fe-Chalcogenide Superconductor FeTe1-xSex".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.130.046702.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1960163.

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@article{osti_1960163,

  title        = {Revealing the Origin of Time-Reversal Symmetry Breaking in Fe-Chalcogenide Superconductor FeTe1-xSex},

  author       = {Farhang, Camron and Zaki, Nader and Wang, Jingyuan and Gu, Genda and Johnson, Peter D. and Xia, Jing},

  abstractNote = {We report that recently evidence has emerged in the topological superconductor Fe-chalcogenide FeTe1-xSex for time-reversal symmetry breaking (TRSB), the nature of which has strong implications on the Majorana zero modes (MZM) discovered in this system. It remains unclear however whether the TRSB resides in the topological surface state (TSS) or in the bulk, and whether it is due to an unconventional TRSB superconducting order parameter or an intertwined order. Here by performing in superconducting FeTe1-xSex crystals both surface-magneto-optic-Kerr effect (SMOKE) measurements using a Sagnac interferometer and bulk magnetic susceptibility measurements, we pinpoint the TRSB to the TSS, where we also detect a Dirac gap. Further, we observe surface TRSB in non-superconducting FeTe1-xSex of nominally identical composition, indicating that TRSB arises from an intertwined surface ferromagnetic (FM) order. The observed surface FM bears striking similarities to the two-dimensional (2D) FM found in 2D van der Waals crystals, and is highly sensitive to the exact chemical composition, thereby providing a means for optimizing the conditions for Majorana particles that are useful for robust quantum computing.},

  doi          = {10.1103/physrevlett.130.046702},

  journal      = {Physical Review Letters},

  number       = 4,

  volume       = 130,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Wed Jan 25 00:00:00 EST 2023},

  month        = {Wed Jan 25 00:00:00 EST 2023}

}

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Title: Revealing the Origin of Time-Reversal Symmetry Breaking in Fe-Chalcogenide Superconductor FeTe 1 - x Se x

Abstract

Citation Formats

Polar Kerr effect as probe for time-reversal symmetry breaking in unconventional superconductors journal, May 2009

Topological insulators and superconductors journal, October 2011

Modified Sagnac interferometer for high-sensitivity magneto-optic measurements at cryogenic temperatures journal, August 2006

Discovery of intrinsic ferromagnetism in two-dimensional van der Waals crystals journal, April 2017

Pairing symmetry and topological surface state in iron-chalcogenide superconductors journal, April 2020

Half-integer level shift of vortex bound states in an iron-based superconductor journal, August 2019

Multicomponent superconducting order parameter in UTe 2 journal, August 2021

Strong Correlation Between Superconductivity and Ferromagnetism in an Fe-Chalcogenide Superconductor journal, August 2021

A theoretical description of the new phases of liquid He 3 journal, April 1975

Localized Control of Curie Temperature in Perovskite Oxide Film by Capping-Layer-Induced Octahedral Distortion journal, October 2017

Interface-induced phenomena in magnetism journal, June 2017

Electronic properties of the bulk and surface states of Fe1+yTe1−xSex journal, April 2021

Observation of broken time-reversal symmetry in the heavy-fermion superconductor UPt3 journal, July 2014

Evidence for dispersing 1D Majorana channels in an iron-based superconductor journal, January 2020

Time-reversal symmetry-breaking superconductivity in epitaxial bismuth/nickel bilayers journal, March 2017

Scanning SQUID microscopy in a cryogen-free dilution refrigerator journal, August 2021

High Resolution Polar Kerr Effect Measurements of Sr 2 RuO 4 : Evidence for Broken Time-Reversal Symmetry in the Superconducting State journal, October 2006

Spontaneous Nernst effect in the iron-based superconductor Fe 1 + y Te 1 − x Se x journal, August 2020

Nearly quantized conductance plateau of vortex zero mode in an iron-based superconductor journal, December 2019

Non-Abelian anyons and topological quantum computation journal, September 2008

Surface magneto-optic Kerr effect (SMOKE) journal, October 1999

Vortex motion and the Hall effect in type-II superconductors: A time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory approach journal, October 1992

Interplay of paramagnetism and topology in the Fe-chalcogenide high- T c superconductors journal, May 2019

Observation of topological superconductivity on the surface of an iron-based superconductor journal, March 2018

Superconductivity: A guide to alternating current susceptibility measurements and alternating current susceptometer design journal, January 1995

Anisotropic superconducting properties of single-crystalline FeSe 0.5 Te 0.5 journal, June 2010

Smoke journal, November 1991

John Kerr and his effects found in 1877 and 1878 journal, December 2008

Time-reversal symmetry breaking in the Fe-chalcogenide superconductors journal, January 2021

Scaling of the longitudinal and Hall resistivities from vortex motion inYBa2Cu3O7 journal, February 1992

Evidence for Majorana bound states in an iron-based superconductor journal, August 2018

Zero-energy vortex bound state in the superconducting topological surface state of Fe(Se,Te) journal, June 2019

Polar Kerr effect as probe for time-reversal symmetry breaking in unconventional superconductors
journal, May 2009

Topological insulators and superconductors
journal, October 2011

Modified Sagnac interferometer for high-sensitivity magneto-optic measurements at cryogenic temperatures
journal, August 2006

Discovery of intrinsic ferromagnetism in two-dimensional van der Waals crystals
journal, April 2017

Pairing symmetry and topological surface state in iron-chalcogenide superconductors
journal, April 2020

Half-integer level shift of vortex bound states in an iron-based superconductor
journal, August 2019

Multicomponent superconducting order parameter in UTe ₂
journal, August 2021

Strong Correlation Between Superconductivity and Ferromagnetism in an Fe-Chalcogenide Superconductor
journal, August 2021

A theoretical description of the new phases of liquid ${}^{3}{He}$
journal, April 1975

Localized Control of Curie Temperature in Perovskite Oxide Film by Capping-Layer-Induced Octahedral Distortion
journal, October 2017

Interface-induced phenomena in magnetism
journal, June 2017

Electronic properties of the bulk and surface states of Fe1+yTe1−xSex
journal, April 2021

Observation of broken time-reversal symmetry in the heavy-fermion superconductor UPt3
journal, July 2014

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journal, January 2020

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journal, March 2017

Scanning SQUID microscopy in a cryogen-free dilution refrigerator
journal, August 2021

High Resolution Polar Kerr Effect Measurements of ${Sr}_{2} {RuO}_{4}$ : Evidence for Broken Time-Reversal Symmetry in the Superconducting State
journal, October 2006

Spontaneous Nernst effect in the iron-based superconductor ${Fe}_{1 + y} {Te}_{1 - x} {Se}_{x}$
journal, August 2020

Nearly quantized conductance plateau of vortex zero mode in an iron-based superconductor
journal, December 2019

Non-Abelian anyons and topological quantum computation
journal, September 2008

Surface magneto-optic Kerr effect (SMOKE)
journal, October 1999

Vortex motion and the Hall effect in type-II superconductors: A time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory approach
journal, October 1992

Interplay of paramagnetism and topology in the Fe-chalcogenide high- $T_{c}$ superconductors
journal, May 2019

Observation of topological superconductivity on the surface of an iron-based superconductor
journal, March 2018

Superconductivity: A guide to alternating current susceptibility measurements and alternating current susceptometer design
journal, January 1995

Anisotropic superconducting properties of single-crystalline ${FeSe}_{0.5} {Te}_{0.5}$
journal, June 2010

Smoke
journal, November 1991

John Kerr and his effects found in 1877 and 1878
journal, December 2008

Time-reversal symmetry breaking in the Fe-chalcogenide superconductors
journal, January 2021

Scaling of the longitudinal and Hall resistivities from vortex motion inYBa2Cu3O7
journal, February 1992

Evidence for Majorana bound states in an iron-based superconductor
journal, August 2018

Zero-energy vortex bound state in the superconducting topological surface state of Fe(Se,Te)
journal, June 2019