Diurnal rainfall response to the physiological and radiative effects of CO2 in tropical forests in the Energy exascale earth system model v1
Abstract
Understanding how the connection between rainfall and tropical forests will respond to increasing CO$$_2$$ concentrations is a key element in understanding how the tropical water cycle will respond to increasing CO$$_2$$. The plant physiological and radiative impacts of CO$$_2$$ on rainfall patterns over tropical forest regions are examined in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 1.1 (E3SMv1.1-BGC) biogeochemistry experiments. Composite analysis reveals a dampening of the diurnal cycle of rainfall over the Amazon, Congo, and Maritime Continent in response to rising CO$$_2$$ levels, regardless of the sign of total rainfall change. A full factorial model experiment confirms that the CO$$_2$$ radiative and CO$$_2$$ plant physiological effects can individually or jointly reduce the magnitude of the rainfall diurnal cycle, though the physical pathway giving rise to the reduction differs between the two effects. For the physiological response, stomatal closure reduces evapotranspiration, which dries the boundary layer and raises the lifting condensation level. These effects combine to reduce deep convective rainfall during its peak occurrence in the late daytime to early nighttime period. For the radiative response, a relative reduction in daytime CAPE (consistent with a reduction in the diurnal temperature range) leads to less frequent triggering of deep convection and a reduction of rainfall diurnal amplitude. These diurnal rainfall changes are structurally similar across seasons, and show little sensitivity to representation of nutrient coupling for the land biogeochemistry. In agreement with previous findings, the physiological response has only minor impact on extreme rainfall relative to the radiative response.
- Authors:
-
- Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
- Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA (United States)
- Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER). Earth and Environmental Systems Science Division; USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1874227
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1876964; OSTI ID: 1885218; OSTI ID: 1958134
- Report Number(s):
- PNNL-SA-168093; LLNL-JRNL-827701
Journal ID: ISSN 2169-897X
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-76RL01830; SC0019459; SC0021209; AC52-07NA27344; AC05-00OR22725; AC02-05CH11231
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 127; Journal Issue: 10; Journal ID: ISSN 2169-897X
- Publisher:
- American Geophysical Union
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 58 GEOSCIENCES; 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; tropics; precipitation; diurnal cycle biogeochemistry; Environmental sciences
Citation Formats
Harrop, Bryce E., Burrows, Susannah M., Calvin, Katherine V., Kooperman, Gabriel J., Leung, Lai-Yung Ruby, Maltrud, Mathew E., Shi, Xiaoying, Tang, Jinyun, Tang, Qi, Wang, Hailong, and Zhu, Qing. Diurnal rainfall response to the physiological and radiative effects of CO2 in tropical forests in the Energy exascale earth system model v1. United States: N. p., 2022.
Web. doi:10.1029/2021JD036148.
Harrop, Bryce E., Burrows, Susannah M., Calvin, Katherine V., Kooperman, Gabriel J., Leung, Lai-Yung Ruby, Maltrud, Mathew E., Shi, Xiaoying, Tang, Jinyun, Tang, Qi, Wang, Hailong, & Zhu, Qing. Diurnal rainfall response to the physiological and radiative effects of CO2 in tropical forests in the Energy exascale earth system model v1. United States. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD036148
Harrop, Bryce E., Burrows, Susannah M., Calvin, Katherine V., Kooperman, Gabriel J., Leung, Lai-Yung Ruby, Maltrud, Mathew E., Shi, Xiaoying, Tang, Jinyun, Tang, Qi, Wang, Hailong, and Zhu, Qing. Wed .
"Diurnal rainfall response to the physiological and radiative effects of CO2 in tropical forests in the Energy exascale earth system model v1". United States. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD036148. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1874227.
@article{osti_1874227,
title = {Diurnal rainfall response to the physiological and radiative effects of CO2 in tropical forests in the Energy exascale earth system model v1},
author = {Harrop, Bryce E. and Burrows, Susannah M. and Calvin, Katherine V. and Kooperman, Gabriel J. and Leung, Lai-Yung Ruby and Maltrud, Mathew E. and Shi, Xiaoying and Tang, Jinyun and Tang, Qi and Wang, Hailong and Zhu, Qing},
abstractNote = {Understanding how the connection between rainfall and tropical forests will respond to increasing CO$_2$ concentrations is a key element in understanding how the tropical water cycle will respond to increasing CO$_2$. The plant physiological and radiative impacts of CO$_2$ on rainfall patterns over tropical forest regions are examined in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 1.1 (E3SMv1.1-BGC) biogeochemistry experiments. Composite analysis reveals a dampening of the diurnal cycle of rainfall over the Amazon, Congo, and Maritime Continent in response to rising CO$_2$ levels, regardless of the sign of total rainfall change. A full factorial model experiment confirms that the CO$_2$ radiative and CO$_2$ plant physiological effects can individually or jointly reduce the magnitude of the rainfall diurnal cycle, though the physical pathway giving rise to the reduction differs between the two effects. For the physiological response, stomatal closure reduces evapotranspiration, which dries the boundary layer and raises the lifting condensation level. These effects combine to reduce deep convective rainfall during its peak occurrence in the late daytime to early nighttime period. For the radiative response, a relative reduction in daytime CAPE (consistent with a reduction in the diurnal temperature range) leads to less frequent triggering of deep convection and a reduction of rainfall diurnal amplitude. These diurnal rainfall changes are structurally similar across seasons, and show little sensitivity to representation of nutrient coupling for the land biogeochemistry. In agreement with previous findings, the physiological response has only minor impact on extreme rainfall relative to the radiative response.},
doi = {10.1029/2021JD036148},
journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres},
number = 10,
volume = 127,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed May 04 00:00:00 EDT 2022},
month = {Wed May 04 00:00:00 EDT 2022}
}
Works referenced in this record:
Multiple soil nutrient competition between plants, microbes, and mineral surfaces: model development, parameterization, and example applications in several tropical forests
journal, January 2016
- Zhu, Q.; Riley, W. J.; Tang, J.
- Biogeosciences, Vol. 13, Issue 1
The Diurnal Cycle and Its Depiction in the Community Climate System Model
journal, March 2004
- Dai, Aiguo; Trenberth, Kevin E.
- Journal of Climate, Vol. 17, Issue 5
Simulated Tropical Precipitation Assessed across Three Major Phases of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP)
journal, August 2020
- Fiedler, Stephanie; Crueger, Traute; D’Agostino, Roberta
- Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 148, Issue 9
Simulating the convective precipitation diurnal cycle in North America’s current and future climate
journal, April 2019
- Scaff, Lucia; Prein, Andreas F.; Li, Yanping
- Climate Dynamics, Vol. 55, Issue 1-2
Maximum and Minimum Temperature Trends for the Globe
journal, July 1997
- Easterling, D. R.
- Science, Vol. 277, Issue 5324
Separating the Influences of Land Warming, the Direct CO 2 Effect, the Plant Physiological Effect, and SST Warming on Regional Precipitation Changes
journal, January 2019
- Chadwick, Robin; Ackerley, Duncan; Ogura, Tomoo
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 124, Issue 2
Seasonality of Precipitation in the United States
journal, September 1970
- Markham, Charles G.
- Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 60, Issue 3
The human imperative of stabilizing global climate change at 1.5°C
journal, September 2019
- Hoegh-Guldberg, O.; Jacob, D.; Taylor, M.
- Science, Vol. 365, Issue 6459
Recent decline in the global land evapotranspiration trend due to limited moisture supply
journal, October 2010
- Jung, Martin; Reichstein, Markus; Ciais, Philippe
- Nature, Vol. 467, Issue 7318
Climate and Wildfire in the Western United States
journal, May 2003
- Westerling, A. L.; Gershunov, A.; Brown, T. J.
- Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 84, Issue 5
Sensitivity of climate simulations to the parameterization of cumulus convection in the Canadian climate centre general circulation model
journal, September 1995
- Zhang, G. J.; McFarlane, Norman A.
- Atmosphere-Ocean, Vol. 33, Issue 3
The Scenario Model Intercomparison Project (ScenarioMIP) for CMIP6
journal, January 2016
- O'Neill, Brian C.; Tebaldi, Claudia; van Vuuren, Detlef P.
- Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 9, Issue 9
Seasonally dependent responses of subtropical highs and tropical rainfall to anthropogenic warming
journal, August 2018
- Song, Fengfei; Leung, L. Ruby; Lu, Jian
- Nature Climate Change, Vol. 8, Issue 9
Surface warming patterns drive tropical rainfall pattern responses to CO 2 forcing on all timescales : SURFACE WARMING AND RAINFALL PATTERNS
journal, January 2014
- Chadwick, Robin; Good, Peter; Andrews, Timothy
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 41, Issue 2
The Partitioning of Evapotranspiration into Transpiration, Soil Evaporation, and Canopy Evaporation in a GCM: Impacts on Land–Atmosphere Interaction
journal, August 2007
- Lawrence, David M.; Thornton, Peter E.; Oleson, Keith W.
- Journal of Hydrometeorology, Vol. 8, Issue 4
Global land-surface evaporation estimated from satellite-based observations
journal, January 2011
- Miralles, D. G.; Holmes, T. R. H.; De Jeu, R. A. M.
- Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol. 15, Issue 2
Future Changes in Seasonality of the North Pacific and North Atlantic Subtropical Highs
journal, November 2018
- Song, Fengfei; Leung, L. Ruby; Lu, Jian
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 45, Issue 21
Plant Physiological Responses to Rising CO 2 Modify Simulated Daily Runoff Intensity With Implications for Global‐Scale Flood Risk Assessment
journal, November 2018
- Kooperman, Gabriel J.; Fowler, Megan D.; Hoffman, Forrest M.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 45, Issue 22
The Relationship of Cloud Number and Size With Their Large‐Scale Environment in Deep Tropical Convection
journal, August 2019
- Louf, Valentin; Jakob, Christian; Protat, Alain
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 46, Issue 15
The Impact of Convection on ENSO: From a Delayed Oscillator to a Series of Events
journal, November 2008
- Neale, Richard B.; Richter, Jadwiga H.; Jochum, Markus
- Journal of Climate, Vol. 21, Issue 22
Influence of entrainment on the thermal stratification in simulations of radiative-convective equilibrium: ENTRAINMENT AND THERMAL STRATIFICATION
journal, August 2013
- Singh, Martin S.; O'Gorman, Paul A.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 40, Issue 16
Present and future diurnal hourly precipitation in 0.11° EURO-CORDEX models and at convection-permitting resolution
journal, May 2021
- Meredith, Edmund P.; Ulbrich, Uwe; Rust, Henning W.
- Environmental Research Communications, Vol. 3, Issue 5
Plant responses to increasing CO 2 reduce estimates of climate impacts on drought severity
journal, August 2016
- Swann, Abigail L. S.; Hoffman, Forrest M.; Koven, Charles D.
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 113, Issue 36
Emergence of seasonal delay of tropical rainfall during 1979–2019
journal, June 2021
- Song, Fengfei; Leung, L. Ruby; Lu, Jian
- Nature Climate Change, Vol. 11, Issue 7
Representing Twentieth-Century Space–Time Climate Variability. Part II: Development of 1901–96 Monthly Grids of Terrestrial Surface Climate
journal, July 2000
- New, Mark; Hulme, Mike; Jones, Phil
- Journal of Climate, Vol. 13, Issue 13
Physiological and environmental regulation of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and transpiration: a model that includes a laminar boundary layer
journal, April 1991
- Collatz, G. James; Ball, J. Timothy; Grivet, Cyril
- Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol. 54, Issue 2-4
Amazon forest response to CO2 fertilization dependent on plant phosphorus acquisition
journal, August 2019
- Fleischer, Katrin; Rammig, Anja; De Kauwe, Martin G.
- Nature Geoscience, Vol. 12, Issue 9
The DOE E3SM Coupled Model Version 1: Overview and Evaluation at Standard Resolution
journal, July 2019
- Golaz, Jean‐Christophe; Caldwell, Peter M.; Van Roekel, Luke P.
- Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 11, Issue 7
Extreme Drought Events over the Amazon Basin: The Perspective from the Reconstruction of South American Hydroclimate
journal, November 2018
- Garcia, Beatriz; Libonati, Renata; Nunes, Ana
- Water, Vol. 10, Issue 11
Analysis of self-describing gridded geoscience data with netCDF Operators (NCO)
journal, October 2008
- Zender, Charles S.
- Environmental Modelling & Software, Vol. 23, Issue 10-11
A Revised Land Surface Parameterization (SiB2) for Atmospheric GCMS. Part I: Model Formulation
journal, April 1996
- Sellers, P. J.; Randall, D. A.; Collatz, G. J.
- Journal of Climate, Vol. 9, Issue 4
Improved Diurnal Cycle of Precipitation in E3SM With a Revised Convective Triggering Function
journal, July 2019
- Xie, Shaocheng; Wang, Yi‐Chi; Lin, Wuyin
- Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 11, Issue 7
Interactions Between the Amazonian Rainforest and Cumuli Clouds: A Large‐Eddy Simulation, High‐Resolution ECMWF, and Observational Intercomparison Study
journal, July 2020
- Vilà‐Guerau de Arellano, J.; Wang, X.; Pedruzo‐Bagazgoitia, X.
- Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 12, Issue 7
Ensemble flood forecasting: A review
journal, September 2009
- Cloke, H. L.; Pappenberger, F.
- Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 375, Issue 3-4
An Overview of the Atmospheric Component of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model
journal, August 2019
- Rasch, P. J.; Xie, S.; Ma, P. ‐L.
- Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 11, Issue 8
Clausius–Clapeyron Scaling of CAPE from Analytical Solutions to RCE
journal, September 2016
- Romps, David M.
- Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 73, Issue 9
C4MIP – The Coupled Climate–Carbon Cycle Model Intercomparison Project:
experimental protocol for CMIP6
journal, January 2016
- Jones, Chris D.; Arora, Vivek; Friedlingstein, Pierre
- Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 9, Issue 8
Representing Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Carbon Interactions in the E3SM Land Model: Development and Global Benchmarking
journal, July 2019
- Zhu, Qing; Riley, William J.; Tang, Jinyun
- Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 11, Issue 7
A review of environmental droughts: Increased risk under global warming?
journal, February 2020
- Vicente-Serrano, Sergio M.; Quiring, Steven M.; Peña-Gallardo, Marina
- Earth-Science Reviews, Vol. 201
Modeling and measuring the effects of disturbance history and climate on carbon and water budgets in evergreen needleleaf forests
journal, December 2002
- Thornton, P. E.; Law, B. E.; Gholz, Henry L.
- Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol. 113, Issue 1-4
Representing a new MODIS consistent land surface in the Community Land Model (CLM 3.0)
journal, January 2007
- Lawrence, Peter J.; Chase, Thomas N.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 112, Issue G1
The effect of plant physiological responses to rising CO2 on global streamflow
journal, October 2019
- Fowler, Megan D.; Kooperman, Gabriel J.; Randerson, James T.
- Nature Climate Change, Vol. 9, Issue 11
Ecosystem model spin-up: Estimating steady state conditions in a coupled terrestrial carbon and nitrogen cycle model
journal, November 2005
- Thornton, Peter E.; Rosenbloom, Nan A.
- Ecological Modelling, Vol. 189, Issue 1-2
Partitioning global land evapotranspiration using CMIP5 models constrained by observations
journal, June 2018
- Lian, Xu; Piao, Shilong; Huntingford, Chris
- Nature Climate Change, Vol. 8, Issue 7
Changes in Convective Available Potential Energy and Convective Inhibition under Global Warming
journal, March 2020
- Chen, Jiao; Dai, Aiguo; Zhang, Yaocun
- Journal of Climate, Vol. 33, Issue 6
Forest response to rising CO2 drives zonally asymmetric rainfall change over tropical land
journal, April 2018
- Kooperman, Gabriel J.; Chen, Yang; Hoffman, Forrest M.
- Nature Climate Change, Vol. 8, Issue 5
Diminishing CO2-driven gains in water-use efficiency of global forests
journal, April 2020
- Adams, Mark A.; Buckley, Thomas N.; Turnbull, Tarryn L.
- Nature Climate Change, Vol. 10, Issue 5
Stomatal responses to increased CO2: implications from the plant to the global scale
journal, October 1995
- Field, C. B.; Jackson, R. B.; Mooney, H. A.
- Plant, Cell and Environment, Vol. 18, Issue 10
A New Perspective on Recent Global Warming: Asymmetric Trends of Daily Maximum and Minimum Temperature
journal, June 1993
- Karl, Thomas R.; Knight, Richard W.; Gallo, Kevin P.
- Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 74, Issue 6
Diurnal cycle of precipitation simulated by RegCM4 over South America: present and future scenarios
journal, September 2016
- Reboita, Ms; Dutra, Lmm; Dias, Cg
- Climate Research, Vol. 70, Issue 1
The Effects of Tropical Vegetation on Rainfall
journal, October 2018
- Spracklen, D. V.; Baker, J. C. A.; Garcia-Carreras, L.
- Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Vol. 43, Issue 1
An assessment of the MODIS collection 5 leaf area index product for a region of mixed coniferous forest
journal, February 2011
- De Kauwe, M. G.; Disney, M. I.; Quaife, T.
- Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 115, Issue 2
Effects of Clouds, Soil Moisture, Precipitation, and Water Vapor on Diurnal Temperature Range
journal, August 1999
- Dai, Aiguo; Trenberth, Kevin E.; Karl, Thomas R.
- Journal of Climate, Vol. 12, Issue 8
Metrics for the Diurnal Cycle of Precipitation: Toward Routine Benchmarks for Climate Models
journal, June 2016
- Covey, Curt; Gleckler, Peter J.; Doutriaux, Charles
- Journal of Climate, Vol. 29, Issue 12
The DOE E3SM v1.1 Biogeochemistry Configuration: Description and Simulated Ecosystem‐Climate Responses to Historical Changes in Forcing
journal, September 2020
- Burrows, S. M.; Maltrud, M.; Yang, X.
- Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 12, Issue 9
The Africa–South America Intercontinental Teleconnection
journal, July 2004
- Cook, K. H.; Hsieh, J-S.; Hagos, S. M.
- Journal of Climate, Vol. 17, Issue 14
Remote Sensing of Irrigated Agriculture: Opportunities and Challenges
journal, September 2010
- Ozdogan, Mutlu; Yang, Yang; Allez, George
- Remote Sensing, Vol. 2, Issue 9
Assessing Impacts of Plant Stoichiometric Traits on Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Accumulation Using the E3SM Land Model
journal, April 2020
- Zhu, Qing; Riley, William J.; Iversen, Colleen M.
- Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 12, Issue 4
xarray: N-D labeled Arrays and Datasets in Python
journal, April 2017
- Hoyer, Stephan; Hamman, Joseph J.
- Journal of Open Research Software, Vol. 5
Why Does Amazon Precipitation Decrease When Tropical Forests Respond to Increasing CO 2 ?
journal, April 2019
- Langenbrunner, B.; Pritchard, M. S.; Kooperman, G. J.
- Earth's Future, Vol. 7, Issue 4
The TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA): Quasi-Global, Multiyear, Combined-Sensor Precipitation Estimates at Fine Scales
journal, February 2007
- Huffman, George J.; Bolvin, David T.; Nelkin, Eric J.
- Journal of Hydrometeorology, Vol. 8, Issue 1