Conformal Pressure and Fast-Charging Li-Ion Batteries
Abstract
Batteries capable of extreme fast-charging (XFC) are a necessity for the deployment of electric vehicles. Material properties of electrodes and electrolytes along with cell parameters such as stack pressure and temperature have coupled, synergistic, and sometimes deleterious effects on fast-charging performance. We develop a new experimental testbed that allows precise and conformal application of electrode stack pressure. We focus on cell capacity degradation using single-layer pouch cells with graphite anodes, LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC532) cathodes, and carbonate-based electrolyte. In the tested range (10–125 psi), cells cycled at higher pressure show higher capacity and less capacity fading. Additionally, Li plating decreases with increasing pressure as observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical imaging. While the loss of Li inventory from Li plating is the largest contributor to capacity fade, electrochemical and SEM examination of the NMC cathodes after XFC experiments show increased secondary particle damage at lower pressure. We infer that the better performance at higher pressure is due to more homogeneous reactions of active materials across the electrode and less polarization through the electrode thickness. Our study emphasizes the importance of electrode stack pressure in XFC batteries and highlights its subtle role in cell conditions.
- Authors:
-
[1];
[2];
[3];
[4];
[4];
[5];
[8]
- SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL); Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). Computational Science Initiative
- SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL); Univ. Paderborn (Germany)
- SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL)
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division
- SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL); Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
- Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
- Robert Bosch LLC, Sunnyvale, CA (United States)
- SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL); Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE); National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Vehicle Technologies Office
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1866574
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1863095; OSTI ID: 1882939
- Report Number(s):
- BNL-222916-2022-JAAM
Journal ID: ISSN 0013-4651; TRN: US2306066
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-76SF00515; AC02-06CH11357; ECCS-2026822; SC0012704
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of the Electrochemical Society
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 169; Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 0013-4651
- Publisher:
- IOP Publishing
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 25 ENERGY STORAGE; Li-ion batteries; capacity fading; extreme fast charging; heterogeneity; stack pressure
Citation Formats
Cao, Chuntian, Steinrück, Hans-Georg, Paul, Partha P., Dunlop, Alison R., Trask, Stephen E., Jansen, Andrew N., Kasse, Robert M., Thampy, Vivek, Yusuf, Maha, Weker, Johanna Nelson, Shyam, Badri, Subbaraman, Ram, Davis, Kelly, Johnston, Christina M., Takacs, Christopher J., and Toney, Michael F. Conformal Pressure and Fast-Charging Li-Ion Batteries. United States: N. p., 2022.
Web. doi:10.1149/1945-7111/ac653f.
Cao, Chuntian, Steinrück, Hans-Georg, Paul, Partha P., Dunlop, Alison R., Trask, Stephen E., Jansen, Andrew N., Kasse, Robert M., Thampy, Vivek, Yusuf, Maha, Weker, Johanna Nelson, Shyam, Badri, Subbaraman, Ram, Davis, Kelly, Johnston, Christina M., Takacs, Christopher J., & Toney, Michael F. Conformal Pressure and Fast-Charging Li-Ion Batteries. United States. https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac653f
Cao, Chuntian, Steinrück, Hans-Georg, Paul, Partha P., Dunlop, Alison R., Trask, Stephen E., Jansen, Andrew N., Kasse, Robert M., Thampy, Vivek, Yusuf, Maha, Weker, Johanna Nelson, Shyam, Badri, Subbaraman, Ram, Davis, Kelly, Johnston, Christina M., Takacs, Christopher J., and Toney, Michael F. Tue .
"Conformal Pressure and Fast-Charging Li-Ion Batteries". United States. https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac653f. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1866574.
@article{osti_1866574,
title = {Conformal Pressure and Fast-Charging Li-Ion Batteries},
author = {Cao, Chuntian and Steinrück, Hans-Georg and Paul, Partha P. and Dunlop, Alison R. and Trask, Stephen E. and Jansen, Andrew N. and Kasse, Robert M. and Thampy, Vivek and Yusuf, Maha and Weker, Johanna Nelson and Shyam, Badri and Subbaraman, Ram and Davis, Kelly and Johnston, Christina M. and Takacs, Christopher J. and Toney, Michael F.},
abstractNote = {Batteries capable of extreme fast-charging (XFC) are a necessity for the deployment of electric vehicles. Material properties of electrodes and electrolytes along with cell parameters such as stack pressure and temperature have coupled, synergistic, and sometimes deleterious effects on fast-charging performance. We develop a new experimental testbed that allows precise and conformal application of electrode stack pressure. We focus on cell capacity degradation using single-layer pouch cells with graphite anodes, LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC532) cathodes, and carbonate-based electrolyte. In the tested range (10–125 psi), cells cycled at higher pressure show higher capacity and less capacity fading. Additionally, Li plating decreases with increasing pressure as observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical imaging. While the loss of Li inventory from Li plating is the largest contributor to capacity fade, electrochemical and SEM examination of the NMC cathodes after XFC experiments show increased secondary particle damage at lower pressure. We infer that the better performance at higher pressure is due to more homogeneous reactions of active materials across the electrode and less polarization through the electrode thickness. Our study emphasizes the importance of electrode stack pressure in XFC batteries and highlights its subtle role in cell conditions.},
doi = {10.1149/1945-7111/ac653f},
journal = {Journal of the Electrochemical Society},
number = 4,
volume = 169,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Apr 19 00:00:00 EDT 2022},
month = {Tue Apr 19 00:00:00 EDT 2022}
}
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