Dynamic measurement of impurity ion transport in runaway electron plateaus in DIII-D
Abstract
In this work, the first dynamic (time-dependent) measurements of impurity ion radial (cross field) and parallel (along-field) diffusion coefficients for post-disruption runaway electron plateaus are presented. Small (~1 mm diameter) carbon or silicon pellets are fired into the edge of steady-state runaway electron (RE) plateaus, and the resulting radial and toroidal transport of singly charged impurity ions (C+ or Si+) is monitored with spatially distributed visible spectrometers. Consistent with previous steady-state particle balance estimates of Ar+ radial transport, radial (cross field) diffusion coefficients D⟂ ≈ 2–5 m2/s are obtained, about 10× larger than expected from neo-classical theory. Parallel diffusion coefficients D∥ ≈ 30–80 m2/s are estimated, also much (≈50×) larger than classical. It is speculated at present that these large diffusion coefficients may be due to turbulent transport. Indications of fairly significant (almost 2×) toroidal variation in electron density are seen in the RE plateaus, and this appears to cause some toroidal variation in impurity radial diffusion rates. Indications of slow (≈1 Hz) toroidal rotation in the impurity ions are observed, although the uncertainty in this measurement is large.
- Authors:
-
[1];
[2];
[2];
[3];
[5];
[6];
[2];
[3];
[5];
[8];
[1]
- Univ. of California, San Diego, CA (United States)
- Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)
- General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States)
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)
- Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1843186
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1843292
- Grant/Contract Number:
- FC02-04ER54698; FG02-07ER54917; AC02-09CH11466; AC05-00OR22725; AC52-07NA27344; FG02-04ER54744; AC05-06OR23100
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Physics of Plasmas
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 29; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 1070-664X
- Publisher:
- American Institute of Physics (AIP)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY; Plasma confinement; Visible spectroscopy; Plasma properties and parameters; Runaway electrons; Tokamaks; Charged impurities; Diffusion coefficient; Impurity diffusion; Diffusion rate
Citation Formats
Hollmann, E. M., Bortolon, A., Effenberg, F., Eidietis, N., Shiraki, D., Bykov, I., Chapman, B. E., Chen, J., Haskey, S., Herfindal, J., Lvovskiy, A., Marini, C., McLean, A., O'Gorman, T., Pandya, M. D., Paz-Soldan, C., and Popović, Ž. Dynamic measurement of impurity ion transport in runaway electron plateaus in DIII-D. United States: N. p., 2022.
Web. doi:10.1063/5.0080385.
Hollmann, E. M., Bortolon, A., Effenberg, F., Eidietis, N., Shiraki, D., Bykov, I., Chapman, B. E., Chen, J., Haskey, S., Herfindal, J., Lvovskiy, A., Marini, C., McLean, A., O'Gorman, T., Pandya, M. D., Paz-Soldan, C., & Popović, Ž. Dynamic measurement of impurity ion transport in runaway electron plateaus in DIII-D. United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0080385
Hollmann, E. M., Bortolon, A., Effenberg, F., Eidietis, N., Shiraki, D., Bykov, I., Chapman, B. E., Chen, J., Haskey, S., Herfindal, J., Lvovskiy, A., Marini, C., McLean, A., O'Gorman, T., Pandya, M. D., Paz-Soldan, C., and Popović, Ž. Wed .
"Dynamic measurement of impurity ion transport in runaway electron plateaus in DIII-D". United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0080385. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1843186.
@article{osti_1843186,
title = {Dynamic measurement of impurity ion transport in runaway electron plateaus in DIII-D},
author = {Hollmann, E. M. and Bortolon, A. and Effenberg, F. and Eidietis, N. and Shiraki, D. and Bykov, I. and Chapman, B. E. and Chen, J. and Haskey, S. and Herfindal, J. and Lvovskiy, A. and Marini, C. and McLean, A. and O'Gorman, T. and Pandya, M. D. and Paz-Soldan, C. and Popović, Ž.},
abstractNote = {In this work, the first dynamic (time-dependent) measurements of impurity ion radial (cross field) and parallel (along-field) diffusion coefficients for post-disruption runaway electron plateaus are presented. Small (~1 mm diameter) carbon or silicon pellets are fired into the edge of steady-state runaway electron (RE) plateaus, and the resulting radial and toroidal transport of singly charged impurity ions (C+ or Si+) is monitored with spatially distributed visible spectrometers. Consistent with previous steady-state particle balance estimates of Ar+ radial transport, radial (cross field) diffusion coefficients D⟂ ≈ 2–5 m2/s are obtained, about 10× larger than expected from neo-classical theory. Parallel diffusion coefficients D∥ ≈ 30–80 m2/s are estimated, also much (≈50×) larger than classical. It is speculated at present that these large diffusion coefficients may be due to turbulent transport. Indications of fairly significant (almost 2×) toroidal variation in electron density are seen in the RE plateaus, and this appears to cause some toroidal variation in impurity radial diffusion rates. Indications of slow (≈1 Hz) toroidal rotation in the impurity ions are observed, although the uncertainty in this measurement is large.},
doi = {10.1063/5.0080385},
journal = {Physics of Plasmas},
number = 2,
volume = 29,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Feb 02 00:00:00 EST 2022},
month = {Wed Feb 02 00:00:00 EST 2022}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Drift wave theory for transport in tokamaks
journal, June 2019
- Weiland, Jan; Zagorodny, Anatoly
- Reviews of Modern Plasma Physics, Vol. 3, Issue 1
Scaling of plane-wave Born cross sections for electron-impact excitation of neutral atoms
journal, August 2001
- Kim, Yong-Ki
- Physical Review A, Vol. 64, Issue 3
Study of argon assimilation into the post-disruption runaway electron plateau in DIII-D and comparison with a 1D diffusion model
journal, August 2019
- Hollmann, E. M.; Eidietis, N. W.; Herfindal, J. L.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 10
Study of Z scaling of runaway electron plateau final loss energy deposition into wall of DIII-D
journal, June 2017
- Hollmann, E. M.; Commaux, N.; Eidietis, N. W.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 24, Issue 6
Pellet interaction with runaway electrons
journal, August 2011
- James, A. N.; Hollmann, E. M.; Yu, J. H.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 415, Issue 1
Recent progress in shattered pellet injection technology in support of the ITER disruption mitigation system *
journal, September 2021
- Gebhart, T. E.; Baylor, L. R.; Ericson, M. N.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 61, Issue 10
Experimental investigation of opacity models for stellar interior, inertial fusion, and high energy density plasmas
journal, May 2009
- Bailey, J. E.; Rochau, G. A.; Mancini, R. C.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 16, Issue 5
Status of research toward the ITER disruption mitigation system
journal, November 2014
- Hollmann, E. M.; Aleynikov, P. B.; Fülöp, T.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 22, Issue 2
Recent Upgrades of the DIII-D Impurity Granule Injector
journal, July 2017
- Vorenkamp, M. S.; Nagy, A.; Bortolon, A.
- Fusion Science and Technology
Pellet sublimation and expansion under runaway electron flux
journal, July 2020
- Kiramov, Dmitrii I.; Breizman, Boris N.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 60, Issue 8
Transport studies using laser blow-off injection of low- Z trace impurities injected into the TJ-II stellarator
journal, May 2011
- Zurro, B.; Hollmann, E.; Baciero, A.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 51, Issue 6
Faraday-effect polarimeter diagnostic for internal magnetic field fluctuation measurements in DIII-D
journal, August 2016
- Chen, J.; Ding, W. X.; Brower, D. L.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 87, Issue 11
Thermal ion orbit loss and radial electric field in DIII-D
journal, August 2015
- deGrassie, J. S.; Boedo, J. A.; Grierson, B. A.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 22, Issue 8
Model of vertical plasma motion during the current quench
journal, October 2017
- Kiramov, D. I.; Breizman, B. N.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 24, Issue 10
Measurements of injected impurity assimilation during massive gas injection experiments in DIII-D
journal, September 2008
- Hollmann, E. M.; Jernigan, T. C.; Parks, P. B.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 48, Issue 11
A design retrospective of the DIII-D tokamak
journal, May 2002
- Luxon, J. L.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 42, Issue 5
Kink instabilities of the post-disruption runaway electron beam at low safety factor
journal, March 2019
- Paz-Soldan, C.; Eidietis, N. W.; Liu, Y. Q.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 61, Issue 5
Study of argon expulsion from the post-disruption runaway electron plateau following low-Z massive gas injection in DIII-D
journal, April 2020
- Hollmann, E. M.; Bykov, I.; Eidietis, N. W.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 27, Issue 4
Inter-machine comparison of the termination phase and energy conversion in tokamak disruptions with runaway current plateau formation and implications for ITER
journal, July 2014
- Martín-Solís, J. R.; Loarte, A.; Hollmann, E. M.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 54, Issue 8
Magnetohydrodynamic simulations of runaway electron beam termination in JET
journal, January 2021
- Bandaru, V.; Hoelzl, M.; Reux, C.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 63, Issue 3
Effect of applied toroidal electric field on the growth/decay of plateau-phase runaway electron currents in DIII-D
journal, September 2011
- Hollmann, E. M.; Parks, P. B.; Humphreys, D. A.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 51, Issue 10
Characterization of cold background plasma during the runaway electron beam mitigation experiments in the JET tokamak
journal, August 2020
- Sridhar, S.; Reux, C.; Beyer, P.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 60, Issue 9
MARS-F modeling of post-disruption runaway beam loss by magnetohydrodynamic instabilities in DIII-D
journal, October 2019
- Liu, Y. Q.; Parks, P. B.; Paz-Soldan, C.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 12
Measurement of parallel transport of B+ and Al2+ impurities in a linear He+ plasma
journal, August 2011
- Hollmann, E. M.; Umstadter, K. R.; Doerner, R. P.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 415, Issue 1
Disruptions in ITER and strategies for their control and mitigation
journal, August 2015
- Lehnen, M.; Aleynikova, K.; Aleynikov, P. B.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 463
Phase error correction method for a vibration compensated interferometer
journal, October 2004
- Van Zeeland, M. A.; Carlstrom, T. N.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 75, Issue 10
Physics of runaway electrons in tokamaks
journal, June 2019
- Breizman, Boris N.; Aleynikov, Pavel; Hollmann, Eric M.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 8
Dissipation of post-disruption runaway electron plateaus by shattered pellet injection in DIII-D
journal, March 2018
- Shiraki, D.; Commaux, N.; Baylor, L. R.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 5
Dependence of the impurity transport on the dominant turbulent regime in ELM-y H-mode discharges on the DIII-D tokamak
journal, August 2020
- Odstrčil, T.; Howard, N. T.; Sciortino, F.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 27, Issue 8