Methodologies for Design, Characterization and Testing of Electrolytes that Enable Extreme Fast Charging of Lithium-ion Cells
Abstract
Selection, testing and validation of electrolyte candidates for Li-ion cells are discussed, based on a 10-minute target for extreme fast charge (XFC). A combination of modeling and laboratory measurements create a timely and synergistic approach to identifying candidate electrolyte formulations. Multi-solvent systems provide a balanced set of properties, wherein lower molecular-weight solvents offer reduced viscosity, increased species diffusivity, and mitigation of concentration polarization at high charge rates. Carefully selected formulations can exhibit peak conductivity and usable conductivity range of two to three times that of the baseline EC-EMC (3:7, wt.) + LiPF6. Candidates are also chosen based on stability and longevity within the cell environment. Lab testing coincides with property predictions from the Advanced Electrolyte Model (AEM) and a macro-scale cell model. Furthermore, cell testing utilized coin and pouch cells having NMC532 or NMC811 cathodes with graphite electrodes. Results indicate combinations of low-molecular weight solvents are key for fast-charge electrolytes as they extend the useful conductivity range to both low and higher salt concentrations, and possess higher self-diffusivities compared to conventional solvents. This reduces impacts from concentration polarization. The choice of electrolyte also influences the tendency for lithium metal deposition at the anode, as showcased by experimental and modeling resultsmore »
- Authors:
-
- Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)
- National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Vehicle Technologies Office; USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1840534
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1829377
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-06CH11357
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Energy Storage Materials
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 44; Journal ID: ISSN 2405-8297
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 25 ENERGY STORAGE; advanced electrolyte model (AEM); cell transport model; extreme fast charge; lithium metal plating; lithium-ion batteries
Citation Formats
Gao, Ningshengjie, Kim, Sangwook, Chinnam, Parameswara, Dufek, Eric J., Colclasure, Andrew M., Jansen, Andrew, Son, Seoung-Bum, Bloom, Ira, Dunlop, Alison, Trask, Stephen, and Gering, Kevin L. Methodologies for Design, Characterization and Testing of Electrolytes that Enable Extreme Fast Charging of Lithium-ion Cells. United States: N. p., 2021.
Web. doi:10.1016/j.ensm.2021.10.011.
Gao, Ningshengjie, Kim, Sangwook, Chinnam, Parameswara, Dufek, Eric J., Colclasure, Andrew M., Jansen, Andrew, Son, Seoung-Bum, Bloom, Ira, Dunlop, Alison, Trask, Stephen, & Gering, Kevin L. Methodologies for Design, Characterization and Testing of Electrolytes that Enable Extreme Fast Charging of Lithium-ion Cells. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2021.10.011
Gao, Ningshengjie, Kim, Sangwook, Chinnam, Parameswara, Dufek, Eric J., Colclasure, Andrew M., Jansen, Andrew, Son, Seoung-Bum, Bloom, Ira, Dunlop, Alison, Trask, Stephen, and Gering, Kevin L. Sat .
"Methodologies for Design, Characterization and Testing of Electrolytes that Enable Extreme Fast Charging of Lithium-ion Cells". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2021.10.011. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1840534.
@article{osti_1840534,
title = {Methodologies for Design, Characterization and Testing of Electrolytes that Enable Extreme Fast Charging of Lithium-ion Cells},
author = {Gao, Ningshengjie and Kim, Sangwook and Chinnam, Parameswara and Dufek, Eric J. and Colclasure, Andrew M. and Jansen, Andrew and Son, Seoung-Bum and Bloom, Ira and Dunlop, Alison and Trask, Stephen and Gering, Kevin L.},
abstractNote = {Selection, testing and validation of electrolyte candidates for Li-ion cells are discussed, based on a 10-minute target for extreme fast charge (XFC). A combination of modeling and laboratory measurements create a timely and synergistic approach to identifying candidate electrolyte formulations. Multi-solvent systems provide a balanced set of properties, wherein lower molecular-weight solvents offer reduced viscosity, increased species diffusivity, and mitigation of concentration polarization at high charge rates. Carefully selected formulations can exhibit peak conductivity and usable conductivity range of two to three times that of the baseline EC-EMC (3:7, wt.) + LiPF6. Candidates are also chosen based on stability and longevity within the cell environment. Lab testing coincides with property predictions from the Advanced Electrolyte Model (AEM) and a macro-scale cell model. Furthermore, cell testing utilized coin and pouch cells having NMC532 or NMC811 cathodes with graphite electrodes. Results indicate combinations of low-molecular weight solvents are key for fast-charge electrolytes as they extend the useful conductivity range to both low and higher salt concentrations, and possess higher self-diffusivities compared to conventional solvents. This reduces impacts from concentration polarization. The choice of electrolyte also influences the tendency for lithium metal deposition at the anode, as showcased by experimental and modeling results herein.},
doi = {10.1016/j.ensm.2021.10.011},
journal = {Energy Storage Materials},
number = ,
volume = 44,
place = {United States},
year = {Sat Oct 09 00:00:00 EDT 2021},
month = {Sat Oct 09 00:00:00 EDT 2021}
}
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