Unifying themes and distinct features of carbon and nitrogen assimilation by polysaccharide-degrading bacteria: a summary of four model systems
Abstract
Our current understanding of enzymatic polysaccharide degradation has come from a huge number of in vitro studies with purified enzymes. While this vast body of work has been invaluable in identifying and characterizing novel mechanisms of action and engineering desirable traits into these enzymes, a comprehensive picture of how these enzymes work as part of a native in vivo system is less clear. Recently, several model bacteria have emerged with genetic systems that allow for a more nuanced study of carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) and how their activity affects bacterial carbon metabolism. With these bacterial model systems it is now possible to not only study a single nutrient system in isolation (i.e. carbohydrate degradation and carbon metabolism), but also how multiple systems are integrated. Given that most environmental polysaccharides are carbon rich but nitrogen poor (e.g. lignocellulose), the interplay between carbon and nitrogen metabolism in polysaccharide-degrading bacteria can now be studied in a physiologically relevant manner. Therefore, in this review we have summarized what has been experimentally determined for CAZyme regulation, production, and export in relation to nitrogen metabolism for two Gram-positive (Caldicellulosiruptor bescii and Clostridium thermocellum) and two Gram-negative (Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Cellvibrio japonicus) polysaccharide-degrading bacteria. By comparing andmore »
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Univ. of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); National Science Foundation (NSF)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1834062
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0014183; 0801830
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 105; Journal Issue: 21-22; Journal ID: ISSN 0175-7598
- Publisher:
- Springer
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron; Caldicellulosiruptor bescii; Carbohydrate active enzyme; Cellvibrio japonicus; Clostridium thermocellum; Nitrogen metabolism; Polysaccharide
Citation Formats
Gardner, Jeffrey G., and Schreier, Harold J. Unifying themes and distinct features of carbon and nitrogen assimilation by polysaccharide-degrading bacteria: a summary of four model systems. United States: N. p., 2021.
Web. doi:10.1007/s00253-021-11614-2.
Gardner, Jeffrey G., & Schreier, Harold J. Unifying themes and distinct features of carbon and nitrogen assimilation by polysaccharide-degrading bacteria: a summary of four model systems. United States. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-021-11614-2
Gardner, Jeffrey G., and Schreier, Harold J. Wed .
"Unifying themes and distinct features of carbon and nitrogen assimilation by polysaccharide-degrading bacteria: a summary of four model systems". United States. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-021-11614-2. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1834062.
@article{osti_1834062,
title = {Unifying themes and distinct features of carbon and nitrogen assimilation by polysaccharide-degrading bacteria: a summary of four model systems},
author = {Gardner, Jeffrey G. and Schreier, Harold J.},
abstractNote = {Our current understanding of enzymatic polysaccharide degradation has come from a huge number of in vitro studies with purified enzymes. While this vast body of work has been invaluable in identifying and characterizing novel mechanisms of action and engineering desirable traits into these enzymes, a comprehensive picture of how these enzymes work as part of a native in vivo system is less clear. Recently, several model bacteria have emerged with genetic systems that allow for a more nuanced study of carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) and how their activity affects bacterial carbon metabolism. With these bacterial model systems it is now possible to not only study a single nutrient system in isolation (i.e. carbohydrate degradation and carbon metabolism), but also how multiple systems are integrated. Given that most environmental polysaccharides are carbon rich but nitrogen poor (e.g. lignocellulose), the interplay between carbon and nitrogen metabolism in polysaccharide-degrading bacteria can now be studied in a physiologically relevant manner. Therefore, in this review we have summarized what has been experimentally determined for CAZyme regulation, production, and export in relation to nitrogen metabolism for two Gram-positive (Caldicellulosiruptor bescii and Clostridium thermocellum) and two Gram-negative (Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Cellvibrio japonicus) polysaccharide-degrading bacteria. By comparing and contrasting these four bacteria we have highlighted the shared and unique features of each, with a focus on in vivo studies, in regard to carbon and nitrogen assimilation. Finally, we conclude with what we believe are two important questions that can act as guideposts for future work to better understand the integration of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in polysaccharide-degrading bacteria.},
doi = {10.1007/s00253-021-11614-2},
journal = {Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology},
number = 21-22,
volume = 105,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Oct 06 00:00:00 EDT 2021},
month = {Wed Oct 06 00:00:00 EDT 2021}
}
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