A Review of Classical Swine Fever Virus and Routes of Introduction into the United States and the Potential for Virus Establishment
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is caused by CSF virus (CSFV) which can be the source of substantial morbidity and mortality events in affected swine. The disease can take one of several forms (acute, chronic, or prenatal) and depending on the virulence of the inoculating strain may result in a lethal infection irrespective of the form acquired. Because of the disease-free status of the United States and the high cost of a viral incursion, a summary of US vulnerabilities for viral introduction and persistence is provided. The legal importation of live animals as well as animal products, byproducts, and animal feed serve as a potential route of viral introduction. Current import regulations are described as are mitigation strategies that are commonly utilized to prevent pathogens, including CSFV, from entering the US. The illegal movement of suids and their products as well as an event of bioterrorism are both feasible routes of viral introduction but are difficult to restrict or regulate. Ultimately, recommendations are made for data that would be useful in the event of a viral incursion. Population and density mapping for feral swine across the United States would be valuable in the event of a viral introduction or spillover; densitymore »
- Authors:
-
- Oak Ridge Inst. for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO (United States), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge Associated Univ., Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1628304
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0014664
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Frontiers in Veterinary Science
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 5; Journal ID: ISSN 2297-1769
- Publisher:
- Frontiers
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- Veterinary Sciences
Citation Formats
Brown, Vienna R., and Bevins, Sarah N. A Review of Classical Swine Fever Virus and Routes of Introduction into the United States and the Potential for Virus Establishment. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.3389/fvets.2018.00031.
Brown, Vienna R., & Bevins, Sarah N. A Review of Classical Swine Fever Virus and Routes of Introduction into the United States and the Potential for Virus Establishment. United States. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00031
Brown, Vienna R., and Bevins, Sarah N. Mon .
"A Review of Classical Swine Fever Virus and Routes of Introduction into the United States and the Potential for Virus Establishment". United States. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00031. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1628304.
@article{osti_1628304,
title = {A Review of Classical Swine Fever Virus and Routes of Introduction into the United States and the Potential for Virus Establishment},
author = {Brown, Vienna R. and Bevins, Sarah N.},
abstractNote = {Classical swine fever (CSF) is caused by CSF virus (CSFV) which can be the source of substantial morbidity and mortality events in affected swine. The disease can take one of several forms (acute, chronic, or prenatal) and depending on the virulence of the inoculating strain may result in a lethal infection irrespective of the form acquired. Because of the disease-free status of the United States and the high cost of a viral incursion, a summary of US vulnerabilities for viral introduction and persistence is provided. The legal importation of live animals as well as animal products, byproducts, and animal feed serve as a potential route of viral introduction. Current import regulations are described as are mitigation strategies that are commonly utilized to prevent pathogens, including CSFV, from entering the US. The illegal movement of suids and their products as well as an event of bioterrorism are both feasible routes of viral introduction but are difficult to restrict or regulate. Ultimately, recommendations are made for data that would be useful in the event of a viral incursion. Population and density mapping for feral swine across the United States would be valuable in the event of a viral introduction or spillover; density data could further contribute to understanding the risk of infection in domestic swine. Additionally, ecological and behavioral studies, including those that evaluate the effects of anthropogenic food sources that support feral swine densities far above the carrying capacity would provide invaluable insight to our understanding of how human interventions affect feral swine populations. Further analyses to determine the sampling strategies necessary to detect low levels of antibody prevalence in feral swine would also be valuable.},
doi = {10.3389/fvets.2018.00031},
journal = {Frontiers in Veterinary Science},
number = ,
volume = 5,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Mar 05 00:00:00 EST 2018},
month = {Mon Mar 05 00:00:00 EST 2018}
}
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Novel marker vaccines against classical swine fever
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Evaluation of a multiplex real-time RT-PCR for quantitative and differential detection of wild-type viruses and C-strain vaccine of Classical swine fever virus
journal, January 2008
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- Veterinary Microbiology, Vol. 126, Issue 1-3
Genetic differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals after implementation of an emergency vaccination strategy against classical swine fever in wild boar
journal, December 2011
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- Veterinary Microbiology, Vol. 153, Issue 3-4
Comparative evaluation of live marker vaccine candidates “CP7_E2alf” and “flc11” along with C-strain “Riems” after oral vaccination
journal, July 2012
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Alternative sampling strategies for passive classical and African swine fever surveillance in wild boar
journal, October 2014
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Effects of glycosylation on antigenicity and immunogenicity of classical swine fever virus envelope proteins
journal, November 2011
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Recoding structural glycoprotein E2 in classical swine fever virus (CSFV) produces complete virus attenuation in swine and protects infected animals against disease
journal, July 2016
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Patterns of gene expression in swine macrophages infected with classical swine fever virus detected by microarray
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Disease-emergence dynamics and control in a socially-structured wildlife species
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An Experimental Infection With Classical Swine Fever Virus in Pregnant Sows: Transmission of the Virus, Course of the Disease, Antibody Response and Effect on Gestation
journal, October 2001
- Dewulf, J.; Laevens, H.; Koenen, F.
- Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series B, Vol. 48, Issue 8
Long-term monitoring of classical swine fever in wild boar ( Sus scrofa sp.) using serological data
journal, January 2005
- Rossi, Sophie; Artois, Marc; Pontier, Dominique
- Veterinary Research, Vol. 36, Issue 1
Phenotypic analysis of peripheral leukocytes in piglets infected with classical swine fever virus
journal, August 1999
- Markowska-Daniel, I.; Pejsak, Z.; Winnicka, A.
- Research in Veterinary Science, Vol. 67, Issue 1
Consequences Associated with the Recent Range Expansion of Nonnative Feral Swine
journal, February 2014
- Bevins, Sarah N.; Pedersen, Kerri; Lutman, Mark W.
- BioScience, Vol. 64, Issue 4
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) envelope glycoprotein E2 containing one structural antigenic unit protects pigs from lethal CSFV challenge
journal, November 1996
- van Rijn, P. A.; Bossers, A.; Wensvoort, G.
- Journal of General Virology, Vol. 77, Issue 11
Infection with classical swine fever virus: effects on phenotype and immune responsiveness of porcine T lymphocytes.
journal, January 1998
- König, M.; Pauly, T.; Saalmüller, A.
- Journal of General Virology, Vol. 79, Issue 1
Classical swine fever virus induces proinflammatory cytokines and tissue factor expression and inhibits apoptosis and interferon synthesis during the establishment of long-term infection of porcine vascular endothelial cells
journal, April 2004
- Bensaude, Emmanuelle; Turner, Jane L. E.; Wakeley, Philip R.
- Journal of General Virology, Vol. 85, Issue 4
Potential ecological and epidemiological factors affecting the persistence of classical swine fever in wild boar Sus scrofa populations
journal, January 2007
- Kramer-Schadt, S.; FernÁNdez, N.; Thulke, H. -H.
- Mammal Review, Vol. 37, Issue 1
Studies on the Virulence of Two Field Isolates of the Classical Swine Fever Virus Genotype 2.3 Rostock in Wild Boars of Different Age Groups
journal, June 2004
- Kaden, V.; Lange, E.; Polster, U.
- Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series B, Vol. 51, Issue 5
Classical Swine Fever (CSF) in Wild Boar: the Role of the Transplacental Infection in the Perpetuation of CSF
journal, May 2005
- Kaden, V.; Steyer, H.; Schnabel, J.
- Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series B, Vol. 52, Issue 4
Passive, Opportunistic Wildlife Disease Surveillance in the Rocky Mountain Region, USA
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