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Title: A Review of African Swine Fever and the Potential for Introduction into the United States and the Possibility of Subsequent Establishment in Feral Swine and Native Ticks

Abstract

African swine fever (ASF) is caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), which can cause substantial morbidity and mortality events in swine. The virus can be transmitted via direct and indirect contacts with infected swine, their products, or competent vector species, especially Ornithodoros ticks. Africa and much of Eastern Europe are endemic for ASF; a viral introduction to countries that are currently ASF free could have severe economic consequences due to the loss of production from infected animals and the trade restrictions that would likely be imposed as a result of an outbreak. We identified vulnerabilities that could lead to ASFV introduction or persistence in the United States or other ASF-free regions. Both legal and illegal movements of live animals, as well as the importation of animal products, byproducts, and animal feed, pose a risk of virus introduction. Each route is described, and current regulations designed to prevent ASFV and other pathogens from entering the United States are outlined. Furthermore, existing ASFV research gaps are highlighted. Laboratory experiments to evaluate multiple species of Ornithodoros ticks that have yet to be characterized would be useful to understand vector competence, host preferences, and distribution of competent soft tick vectors in relation tomore » high pig production areas as well as regions with high feral swine (wild boar or similar) densities. Knowledge relative to antigenic viral proteins that contribute to host response and determination of immune mechanisms that lead to protection are foundational in the quest for a vaccine. Finally, sampling of illegally imported and confiscated wild suid products for ASFV could shed light on the types of products being imported and provide a more informed perspective relative to the risk of ASFV importation.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [2]
  1. Oak Ridge Inst. for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
  2. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Fort Collins, CO (United States), Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service,
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Oak Ridge Associated Univ., Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
OSTI Identifier:
1628303
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0014664
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Frontiers in Veterinary Science
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 5; Journal ID: ISSN 2297-1769
Publisher:
Frontiers
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
Veterinary Sciences

Citation Formats

Brown, Vienna R., and Bevins, Sarah N. A Review of African Swine Fever and the Potential for Introduction into the United States and the Possibility of Subsequent Establishment in Feral Swine and Native Ticks. United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.3389/fvets.2018.00011.
Brown, Vienna R., & Bevins, Sarah N. A Review of African Swine Fever and the Potential for Introduction into the United States and the Possibility of Subsequent Establishment in Feral Swine and Native Ticks. United States. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00011
Brown, Vienna R., and Bevins, Sarah N. Tue . "A Review of African Swine Fever and the Potential for Introduction into the United States and the Possibility of Subsequent Establishment in Feral Swine and Native Ticks". United States. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00011. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1628303.
@article{osti_1628303,
title = {A Review of African Swine Fever and the Potential for Introduction into the United States and the Possibility of Subsequent Establishment in Feral Swine and Native Ticks},
author = {Brown, Vienna R. and Bevins, Sarah N.},
abstractNote = {African swine fever (ASF) is caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), which can cause substantial morbidity and mortality events in swine. The virus can be transmitted via direct and indirect contacts with infected swine, their products, or competent vector species, especially Ornithodoros ticks. Africa and much of Eastern Europe are endemic for ASF; a viral introduction to countries that are currently ASF free could have severe economic consequences due to the loss of production from infected animals and the trade restrictions that would likely be imposed as a result of an outbreak. We identified vulnerabilities that could lead to ASFV introduction or persistence in the United States or other ASF-free regions. Both legal and illegal movements of live animals, as well as the importation of animal products, byproducts, and animal feed, pose a risk of virus introduction. Each route is described, and current regulations designed to prevent ASFV and other pathogens from entering the United States are outlined. Furthermore, existing ASFV research gaps are highlighted. Laboratory experiments to evaluate multiple species of Ornithodoros ticks that have yet to be characterized would be useful to understand vector competence, host preferences, and distribution of competent soft tick vectors in relation to high pig production areas as well as regions with high feral swine (wild boar or similar) densities. Knowledge relative to antigenic viral proteins that contribute to host response and determination of immune mechanisms that lead to protection are foundational in the quest for a vaccine. Finally, sampling of illegally imported and confiscated wild suid products for ASFV could shed light on the types of products being imported and provide a more informed perspective relative to the risk of ASFV importation.},
doi = {10.3389/fvets.2018.00011},
journal = {Frontiers in Veterinary Science},
number = ,
volume = 5,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Feb 06 00:00:00 EST 2018},
month = {Tue Feb 06 00:00:00 EST 2018}
}

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Monitoring of African Swine Fever in the Wild Boar Population of the Most Recent Endemic Area of Spain: ASF in a Spanish Wild Boar Population
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Effective Surveillance Strategies Following A Potential Classical Swine Fever Incursion in a Remote Wild Pig Population in North-Western Australia
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Assessing the Risk of African Swine Fever Introduction into the European Union by Wild Boar
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Update on the Risk of Introduction of African Swine Fever by Wild Boar into Disease-Free European Union Countries
journal, June 2016

  • Bosch, J.; Rodríguez, A.; Iglesias, I.
  • Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, Vol. 64, Issue 5
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Inferring within-herd transmission parameters for African swine fever virus using mortality data from outbreaks in the Russian Federation
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Effectiveness and practicality of control strategies for African swine fever: what do we really know?
journal, November 2016

  • Guinat, C.; Vergne, T.; Jurado-Diaz, C.
  • Veterinary Record, Vol. 180, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1136/vr.103992

African swine fever in wild boar in Europe: a notable challenge
journal, February 2015

  • Gavier-Widen, D.; Stahl, K.; Neimanis, A. S.
  • Veterinary Record, Vol. 176, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1136/vr.h699

Investigating the introduction of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus into an Ohio swine operation
journal, January 2015

  • Bowman, Andrew S.; Krogwold, Roger A.; Price, Todd
  • BMC Veterinary Research, Vol. 11, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0348-2

Preventive measures aimed at minimizing the risk of African swine fever virus spread in pig farming systems
journal, November 2016

  • Bellini, Silvia; Rutili, Domenico; Guberti, Vittorio
  • Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, Vol. 58, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1186/s13028-016-0264-x

How to survey classical swine fever in wild boar (Sus scrofa) after the completion of oral vaccination? Chasing away the ghost of infection at different spatial scales
journal, January 2016

  • Saubusse, Thibault; Masson, Jean-Daniel; Le Dimma, Mireille
  • Veterinary Research, Vol. 47, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0289-6

Correction: Assessment of the Geographic Distribution of Ornithodoros turicata (Argasidae): Climate Variation and Host Diversity
journal, March 2016

  • Donaldson, Taylor G.; Pèrez de León, Adalberto A.; Li, Andrew Y.
  • PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol. 10, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004538

Zoonotic Viruses Associated with Illegally Imported Wildlife Products
journal, January 2012


DNA Vaccination Partially Protects against African Swine Fever Virus Lethal Challenge in the Absence of Antibodies
journal, September 2012


Introduction of African Swine Fever into the European Union through Illegal Importation of Pork and Pork Products
journal, April 2013


An investigation into natural resistance to African swine fever in domestic pigs from an endemic area in southern Africa: -EN- -FR- -ES-
journal, December 2004

  • Penrith, M. L.; Thomson, G. R.; Bastos, A. D. S.
  • Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'OIE, Vol. 23, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.20506/rst.23.3.1533

Eradication of Feral Pigs From Pinnacles National Monument
journal, August 2008

  • McCann, Blake E.; Garcelon, David K.
  • Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 72, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.2193/2007-164

Territoriality of Feral Pigs in a Highly Persecuted Population on Fort Benning, Georgia
journal, May 2009

  • Sparklin, Bill D.; Mitchell, Michael S.; Hanson, Laura B.
  • Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 73, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.2193/2007-585

Home Ranges, Movements, and Habitat Use of European Wild Boar in Tennessee
journal, April 1981

  • Singer, Francis J.; Otto, Dale K.; Tipton, Alan R.
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