Dynamic mechanical behavior of lithium-ion pouch cells subjected to high-velocity impact
Abstract
With broad-scale deployment of lithium-ion batteries, mechanical-abuse induced failure events such as short circuits and thermal runaway have made safety a focus of attention in battery design. Most previous studies have focused on quasi-static and low-velocity impact analyses, which could not represent the mechanical behavior of lithium-ion batteries in realistic situations. Here we report a combined experimental and computational study on the dynamic response of lithium-ion pouch cells subjected to high-velocity (200 m/s~1000 m/s) impact. Dynamic finite element simulations were performed to study the effects of internal interfacial behavior and external loading and boundary conditions on the dynamic mechanical behavior of pouch cells. Specifically, mechanical resistance across interfaces between different cell components have a pronounced impact on energy distribution and absorption, thereby determining the evolution of subsequent failure events. These results have practical implications for designing cells with liquid versus gel-type electrolytes, for example. Furthermore, finite element simulations on different external loading and boundary conditions indicate that a direct interaction between the impactor and the cell boundaries lead to a significant change in residual velocity, while the response of the pouch cell is independent of the prescribed far-field boundary conditions. In other words, there is not a significant difference inmore »
- Authors:
-
- National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Univ. of Louisville, KY (United States)
- National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
- U.S. Army Tank Automotive Research, Development, and Engineering Center (TARDEC), Warren, MI (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office (EE-3V); USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1502343
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1636369
- Report Number(s):
- NREL/JA-5400-73500
Journal ID: ISSN 0263-8223
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC36-08GO28308
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Composite Structures
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 218; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0263-8223
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 25 ENERGY STORAGE; 30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION; lithium-ion battery; high-velocity impact; mechanical abuse; thermal runaway; short circuit
Citation Formats
Chen, Yanyu, Santhanagopalan, Shriram, Babu, Venkatesh, and Ding, Yi. Dynamic mechanical behavior of lithium-ion pouch cells subjected to high-velocity impact. United States: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.03.046.
Chen, Yanyu, Santhanagopalan, Shriram, Babu, Venkatesh, & Ding, Yi. Dynamic mechanical behavior of lithium-ion pouch cells subjected to high-velocity impact. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.03.046
Chen, Yanyu, Santhanagopalan, Shriram, Babu, Venkatesh, and Ding, Yi. Wed .
"Dynamic mechanical behavior of lithium-ion pouch cells subjected to high-velocity impact". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.03.046. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1502343.
@article{osti_1502343,
title = {Dynamic mechanical behavior of lithium-ion pouch cells subjected to high-velocity impact},
author = {Chen, Yanyu and Santhanagopalan, Shriram and Babu, Venkatesh and Ding, Yi},
abstractNote = {With broad-scale deployment of lithium-ion batteries, mechanical-abuse induced failure events such as short circuits and thermal runaway have made safety a focus of attention in battery design. Most previous studies have focused on quasi-static and low-velocity impact analyses, which could not represent the mechanical behavior of lithium-ion batteries in realistic situations. Here we report a combined experimental and computational study on the dynamic response of lithium-ion pouch cells subjected to high-velocity (200 m/s~1000 m/s) impact. Dynamic finite element simulations were performed to study the effects of internal interfacial behavior and external loading and boundary conditions on the dynamic mechanical behavior of pouch cells. Specifically, mechanical resistance across interfaces between different cell components have a pronounced impact on energy distribution and absorption, thereby determining the evolution of subsequent failure events. These results have practical implications for designing cells with liquid versus gel-type electrolytes, for example. Furthermore, finite element simulations on different external loading and boundary conditions indicate that a direct interaction between the impactor and the cell boundaries lead to a significant change in residual velocity, while the response of the pouch cell is independent of the prescribed far-field boundary conditions. In other words, there is not a significant difference in the response of pouch-format cells that have stacked electrodes versus wound electrodes at such high strain rates. These results are significantly different from quasi-static simulations wherein the evolution of failure events follows a very different pathway. In addition, the impact velocity profiles under different initial impact velocities offer the ballistic limit for the pouch cell and inform subsequent propagation analyses at the battery module level. Collectively, the findings presented here not only offer new perspectives on the role of the interfacial resistances and external boundary conditions on the mechanical safety of lithium-ion pouch cells, but also have implications for further investigations on cell design, modeling approaches, and test method development to study safety of lithium-ion batteries under extreme loading conditions.},
doi = {10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.03.046},
journal = {Composite Structures},
number = C,
volume = 218,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Mar 13 00:00:00 EDT 2019},
month = {Wed Mar 13 00:00:00 EDT 2019}
}
Web of Science
Works referenced in this record:
Development and challenges of LiFePO 4 cathode material for lithium-ion batteries
journal, January 2011
- Yuan, Li-Xia; Wang, Zhao-Hui; Zhang, Wu-Xing
- Energy Environ. Sci., Vol. 4, Issue 2
An alternative cooling system to enhance the safety of Li-ion battery packs
journal, December 2009
- Kizilel, Riza; Sabbah, Rami; Selman, J. Robert
- Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 194, Issue 2
Design and simulation of a lithium-ion battery with a phase change material thermal management system for an electric scooter
journal, April 2004
- Khateeb, Siddique A.; Farid, Mohammed M.; Selman, J. Robert
- Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 128, Issue 2
State-of-charge and capacity estimation of lithium-ion battery using a new open-circuit voltage versus state-of-charge
journal, December 2008
- Lee, Seongjun; Kim, Jonghoon; Lee, Jaemoon
- Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 185, Issue 2
A review on the key issues for lithium-ion battery management in electric vehicles
journal, March 2013
- Lu, Languang; Han, Xuebing; Li, Jianqiu
- Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 226, p. 272-288
Evaluation of mechanical abuse techniques in lithium ion batteries
journal, February 2014
- Lamb, Joshua; Orendorff, Christopher J.
- Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 247
A consideration of lithium cell safety
journal, September 1999
- Tobishima, Shin-ichi; Yamaki, Jun-ichi
- Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 81-82
Safety focused modeling of lithium-ion batteries: A review
journal, February 2016
- Abada, S.; Marlair, G.; Lecocq, A.
- Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 306
A failure modes, mechanisms, and effects analysis (FMMEA) of lithium-ion batteries
journal, November 2015
- Hendricks, Christopher; Williard, Nick; Mathew, Sony
- Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 297
A review of safety-focused mechanical modeling of commercial lithium-ion batteries
journal, February 2018
- Zhu, Juner; Wierzbicki, Tomasz; Li, Wei
- Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 378
Modeling and short circuit detection of 18650 Li-ion cells under mechanical abuse conditions
journal, December 2012
- Sahraei, Elham; Campbell, John; Wierzbicki, Tomasz
- Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 220
Calibration and finite element simulation of pouch lithium-ion batteries for mechanical integrity
journal, March 2012
- Sahraei, Elham; Hill, Rich; Wierzbicki, Tomasz
- Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 201
Characterizing and modeling mechanical properties and onset of short circuit for three types of lithium-ion pouch cells
journal, February 2014
- Sahraei, Elham; Meier, Joseph; Wierzbicki, Tomasz
- Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 247
Structural analysis and experimental characterization of cylindrical lithium-ion battery cells subject to lateral impact
journal, December 2014
- Avdeev, Ilya; Gilaki, Mehdi
- Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 271
Dynamic mechanical integrity of cylindrical lithium-ion battery cell upon crushing
journal, July 2015
- Xu, Jun; Liu, Binghe; Wang, Lubing
- Engineering Failure Analysis, Vol. 53
Modelling of cracks developed in lithium-ion cells under mechanical loading
journal, January 2015
- Sahraei, Elham; Kahn, Michael; Meier, Joseph
- RSC Advances, Vol. 5, Issue 98
Finite element model approach of a cylindrical lithium ion battery cell with a focus on minimization of the computational effort and short circuit prediction
journal, August 2017
- Raffler, Marco; Sevarin, Alessio; Ellersdorfer, Christian
- Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 360
Mechanical damage in a lithium-ion pouch cell under indentation loads
journal, July 2017
- Luo, Hailing; Xia, Yong; Zhou, Qing
- Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 357
Anisotropic viscoplasticity and fracture of fine grained metallic aluminum foil used in Li-ion batteries
journal, January 2016
- Bonatti, Colin; Mohr, Dirk
- Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 654
Microscale failure mechanisms leading to internal short circuit in Li-ion batteries under complex loading scenarios
journal, July 2016
- Sahraei, Elham; Bosco, Emanuela; Dixon, Brandy
- Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 319
Mechanical behavior of representative volume elements of lithium-ion battery modules under various loading conditions
journal, February 2014
- Lai, Wei-Jen; Ali, Mohammed Yusuf; Pan, Jwo
- Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 248
Rate- and Temperature-Dependent Material Behavior of a Multilayer Polymer Battery Separator
journal, October 2013
- Avdeev, Ilya; Martinsen, Michael; Francis, Alex
- Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, Vol. 23, Issue 1
Coupled effect of strain rate and solvent on dynamic mechanical behaviors of separators in lithium ion batteries
journal, April 2016
- Xu, Jun; Wang, Lubing; Guan, Juan
- Materials & Design, Vol. 95
Mechanical behavior of a battery separator in electrolyte solutions
journal, October 2011
- Sheidaei, Azadeh; Xiao, Xinran; Huang, Xiaosong
- Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 196, Issue 20
Deformation and failure characteristics of four types of lithium-ion battery separators
journal, September 2016
- Zhang, Xiaowei; Sahraei, Elham; Wang, Kai
- Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 327
Mechanical Properties of a Battery Separator under Compression and Tension
journal, January 2014
- Cannarella, John; Liu, Xinyi; Leng, Collen Z.
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 161, Issue 11
Mechanical testing and macro-mechanical finite element simulation of the deformation, fracture, and short circuit initiation of cylindrical Lithium ion battery cells
journal, September 2012
- Greve, Lars; Fehrenbach, Clemens
- Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 214
Computational models for simulations of lithium-ion battery cells under constrained compression tests
journal, November 2013
- Ali, Mohammed Yusuf; Lai, Wei-Jen; Pan, Jwo
- Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 242
Deformation and failure mechanisms of 18650 battery cells under axial compression
journal, December 2016
- Zhu, Juner; Zhang, Xiaowei; Sahraei, Elham
- Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 336
Impact modeling of cylindrical lithium-ion battery cells: a heterogeneous approach
journal, October 2016
- Gilaki, Mehdi; Avdeev, Ilya
- Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 328
Dynamic impact tests on lithium-ion cells
journal, October 2017
- Kisters, Thomas; Sahraei, Elham; Wierzbicki, Tomasz
- International Journal of Impact Engineering, Vol. 108
Bi-objective optimal design of a damage-tolerant multifunctional battery system
journal, September 2016
- Nguyen, Trung N.; Siegmund, Thomas; Tsutsui, Waterloo
- Materials & Design, Vol. 105
Crash analysis of a conceptual electric vehicle with a damage tolerant battery pack
journal, December 2016
- Kukreja, J.; Nguyen, T.; Siegmund, T.
- Extreme Mechanics Letters, Vol. 9
Integrated computation model of lithium-ion battery subject to nail penetration
journal, December 2016
- Liu, Binghe; Yin, Sha; Xu, Jun
- Applied Energy, Vol. 183
Homogenized mechanical properties for the jellyroll of cylindrical Lithium-ion cells
journal, November 2013
- Wierzbicki, Tomasz; Sahraei, Elham
- Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 241
Progressive mechanical indentation of large-format Li-ion cells
journal, February 2017
- Wang, Hsin; Kumar, Abhishek; Simunovic, Srdjan
- Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 341
Coupled mechanical-electrical-thermal modeling for short-circuit prediction in a lithium-ion cell under mechanical abuse
journal, September 2015
- Zhang, Chao; Santhanagopalan, Shriram; Sprague, Michael A.
- Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 290
Ballistic impact response of laminated composite panels
journal, September 2008
- Gower, H. L.; Cronin, D. S.; Plumtree, A.
- International Journal of Impact Engineering, Vol. 35, Issue 9
Normal and oblique impact of small arms bullets on AA6082-T4 aluminium protective plates
journal, July 2011
- Børvik, Tore; Olovsson, Lars; Dey, Sumita
- International Journal of Impact Engineering, Vol. 38, Issue 7
A Model for the Behavior of Battery Separators in Compression at Different Strain/Charge Rates
journal, January 2014
- Gor, Gennady Y.; Cannarella, John; Prévost, Jean H.
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 161, Issue 11
Mechanical behavior and failure mechanisms of Li-ion battery separators
journal, April 2017
- Kalnaus, Sergiy; Wang, Yanli; Turner, John A.
- Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 348
Ballistic Perforation Dynamics
journal, September 1963
- Recht, R. F.; Ipson, T. W.
- Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol. 30, Issue 3
Strain distribution and failure mode of polymer separators for Li-ion batteries under biaxial loading
journal, February 2018
- Kalnaus, Sergiy; Kumar, Abhishek; Wang, Yanli
- Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 378
Works referencing / citing this record:
Dynamic mechanical behavior of prismatic lithium‐ion battery upon impact
journal, August 2019
- Chen, Xiaoping; Wang, Tao; Zhang, Yu
- International Journal of Energy Research