Radiation hardness and precision timing study of silicon detectors for the CMS High Granularity Calorimeter (HGC)

Currás, Esteban; Fernández, Marcos; Gallrapp, Christian; Gray, Lindsey; Mannelli, Marcello; Meridiani, Paolo; Moll, Michael; Nourbakhsh, Shervin; Scharf, Christian; Silva, Pedro; Steinbrueck, Georg; Fatis, Tommaso de; Vila, Iván

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2016.05.008

Title: Radiation hardness and precision timing study of silicon detectors for the CMS High Granularity Calorimeter (HGC)

Abstract

The high luminosity upgraded LHC or Phase-II is expected to increase the instantaneous luminosity by a factor of 10 beyond the LHC's design value, expecting to deliver 250 fb^–1 per year for a further 10 years of operation. Under these conditions the performance degradation due to integrated radiation dose will need to be addressed. The CMS collaboration is planning to upgrade the forward calorimeters. The replacement is called the High Granularity Calorimeter (HGC) and it will be realized as a sampling calorimeter with layers of silicon detectors interleaved. The sensors will be realized as pad detectors with sizes of less that ~1.0 cm² and an active thickness between 100 and 300 μm depending on the position, respectively, the expected radiation levels. For an integrated luminosity of 3000 fb^–1, the electromagnetic calorimetry will sustain integrated doses of 1.5 MGy (150 Mrads) and neutron fluences up to 10¹⁶ neq/cm². A radiation tolerance study after neutron irradiation of 300, 200, and 100 μm n-on-p and p-on-n silicon pads irradiated to fluences up to 1.6×10¹⁶ neq/cm² is presented. In this work, the properties of these diodes studied before and after irradiation were leakage current, capacitance, charge collection efficiency, annealing effects and timing capability. Themore »« less

Authors:

Currás, Esteban ^[1]; Fernández, Marcos ^[2]; Gallrapp, Christian ^[3]; Gray, Lindsey ^[4]; Mannelli, Marcello ^[3]; Meridiani, Paolo ^[5]; Moll, Michael ^[3]; Nourbakhsh, Shervin ^[6]; Scharf, Christian ^[7]; Silva, Pedro ^[3]; Steinbrueck, Georg ^[7]; Fatis, Tommaso de ^[8]; Vila, Iván ^[2]

European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland); Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-UC), Santander (Spain)
Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-UC), Santander (Spain)
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland)
Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
National Inst. of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Rome (Italy)
Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States)
Hamburg University (Germany)
National Inst. of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Milan (Italy)

Publication Date:: Tue May 03 00:00:00 EDT 2016

Research Org.:: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

OSTI Identifier:: 1471189

Report Number(s):: FERMILAB-CONF-16-775-CD
Journal ID: ISSN 0168-9002; 1513556

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-07CH11359

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 845; Journal Issue: C; Conference: 14.Vienna Conference on Instrumentation (VCI), Vienna (Austria), 15-19 Feb 2016; Journal ID: ISSN 0168-9002

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY; Si pad detectors; Radiation-hard detectors

Citation Formats


                    Currás, Esteban, Fernández, Marcos, Gallrapp, Christian, Gray, Lindsey, Mannelli, Marcello, Meridiani, Paolo, Moll, Michael, Nourbakhsh, Shervin, Scharf, Christian, Silva, Pedro, Steinbrueck, Georg, Fatis, Tommaso de, and Vila, Iván. Radiation hardness and precision timing study of silicon detectors for the CMS High Granularity Calorimeter (HGC).  United States: N. p., 2016. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.nima.2016.05.008.

Copy to clipboard


                    Currás, Esteban, Fernández, Marcos, Gallrapp, Christian, Gray, Lindsey, Mannelli, Marcello, Meridiani, Paolo, Moll, Michael, Nourbakhsh, Shervin, Scharf, Christian, Silva, Pedro, Steinbrueck, Georg, Fatis, Tommaso de, & Vila, Iván. Radiation hardness and precision timing study of silicon detectors for the CMS High Granularity Calorimeter (HGC).  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2016.05.008

Copy to clipboard


                    Currás, Esteban, Fernández, Marcos, Gallrapp, Christian, Gray, Lindsey, Mannelli, Marcello, Meridiani, Paolo, Moll, Michael, Nourbakhsh, Shervin, Scharf, Christian, Silva, Pedro, Steinbrueck, Georg, Fatis, Tommaso de, and Vila, Iván. Tue .  
"Radiation hardness and precision timing study of silicon detectors for the CMS High Granularity Calorimeter (HGC)".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2016.05.008.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1471189.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_1471189,

  title        = {Radiation hardness and precision timing study of silicon detectors for the CMS High Granularity Calorimeter (HGC)},

  author       = {Currás, Esteban and Fernández, Marcos and Gallrapp, Christian and Gray, Lindsey and Mannelli, Marcello and Meridiani, Paolo and Moll, Michael and Nourbakhsh, Shervin and Scharf, Christian and Silva, Pedro and Steinbrueck, Georg and Fatis, Tommaso de and Vila, Iván},

  abstractNote = {The high luminosity upgraded LHC or Phase-II is expected to increase the instantaneous luminosity by a factor of 10 beyond the LHC's design value, expecting to deliver 250 fb–1 per year for a further 10 years of operation. Under these conditions the performance degradation due to integrated radiation dose will need to be addressed. The CMS collaboration is planning to upgrade the forward calorimeters. The replacement is called the High Granularity Calorimeter (HGC) and it will be realized as a sampling calorimeter with layers of silicon detectors interleaved. The sensors will be realized as pad detectors with sizes of less that ~1.0 cm2 and an active thickness between 100 and 300 μm depending on the position, respectively, the expected radiation levels. For an integrated luminosity of 3000 fb–1, the electromagnetic calorimetry will sustain integrated doses of 1.5 MGy (150 Mrads) and neutron fluences up to 1016 neq/cm2. A radiation tolerance study after neutron irradiation of 300, 200, and 100 μm n-on-p and p-on-n silicon pads irradiated to fluences up to 1.6×1016 neq/cm2 is presented. In this work, the properties of these diodes studied before and after irradiation were leakage current, capacitance, charge collection efficiency, annealing effects and timing capability. The results of these measurements validate these sensors as candidates for the HGC system.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.nima.2016.05.008},

  journal      = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment},

  number       = C,

  volume       = 845,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue May 03 00:00:00 EDT 2016},

  month        = {Tue May 03 00:00:00 EDT 2016}

}

Copy to clipboard

Journal Article:

Free Publicly Available Full Text

Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Publisher's Version of Record

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2016.05.008

Other availability

Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 10 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Works referenced in this record:

Sensor R&D for the CMS outer tracker upgrade for the HL-LHC
journal, April 2014

Behnamian, H.
Journal of Instrumentation, Vol. 9, Issue 04
DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/9/04/C04033

Campaign to identify the future CMS tracker baseline
journal, December 2011

Hoffmann, K. -H.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 658, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2011.05.028

Research Reactor Benchmarks
journal, September 2003

Ravnik, Matjaž; Jeraj, Robert
Nuclear Science and Engineering, Vol. 145, Issue 1
DOI: 10.13182/NSE03-A2370

Study of characteristics of silicon detectors irradiated with 24 GeV/c protons between −20°C and +20°C
journal, June 1995

Lemeilleur, F.; Bates, S. J.; Chilingarov, A.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 360, Issue 1-2
DOI: 10.1016/0168-9002(94)01728-X

Silicon sensor developments for the CMS Tracker upgrade
journal, January 2012

Dierlamm, A.
Journal of Instrumentation, Vol. 7, Issue 01
DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/7/01/C01110

Works referencing / citing this record:

Performance of n-on-p planar pixel sensors with active edges at high-luminosity environment
journal, January 2020

Djamai, Djemouai; Lounis, Abdenour; Gkougkousis, Evangelos-Leonidas
The European Physical Journal Plus, Vol. 135, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1140/epjp/s13360-020-00149-6

Timing performance of a multi-pad PICOSEC-Micromegas detector prototype
journal, March 2021

Aune, S.; Bortfeldt, J.; Brunbauer, F.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 993
DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2021.165076

The CMS High-Granularity Calorimeter for Operation at the High-Luminosity LHC
preprint, January 2018

Pitters, Florian
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1802.05987

Similar Records in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV collections:

Characterisation of irradiated thin silicon sensors for the CMS phase II pixel upgrade

Journal Article Adam, W. ; Bergauer, T. ; Brondolin, E. ; ... - European Physical Journal. C, Particles and Fields

The high luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider, foreseen for 2026, necessitates the replacement of the CMS experiment’s silicon tracker. The innermost layer of the new pixel detector will be exposed to severe radiation, corresponding to a 1 MeV neutron equivalent fluence of up tomore »« less
Cited by 3
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-5115-z

Full Text Available
Charge collection and electrical characterization of neutron irradiated silicon pad detectors for the CMS High Granularity Calorimeter

Journal Article Akchurin, N. ; Almeida, P. ; Altopp, G. ; ... - Journal of Instrumentation

The replacement of the existing endcap calorimeter in the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector for the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), scheduled for 2027, will be a high granularity calorimeter. It will provide detailed position, energy, and timing information on electromagnetic and hadronic showers in the immense pileup of the HL-LHC. The High Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL) will use 120-, 200-, and 300-μm-thick silicon (Si) pad sensors as the main active material and will sustain 1 MeV neutron equivalent fluences up to about 1016 neq cm-2. In order to address the performance degradation of the Si detectors caused by the intense radiation environment,more »« less
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/15/09/p09031

Full Text Available
Experimental study of different silicon sensor options for the upgrade of the CMS Outer Tracker

Journal Article Adam, W. ; Bergauer, T. ; Blöch, D. ; ... - Journal of Instrumentation

During the high-luminosity phase of the LHC (HL-LHC), planned to start in 2027, the accelerator is expected to deliver an instantaneous peak luminosity of up to 7.5×10³⁴ cm^–2 s^–1. A total integrated luminosity of 3000 or even 4000 fb^–1 is foreseen to be delivered to the general purpose detectors ATLAS and CMS over a decade, thereby increasing the discovery potential of the LHC experiments significantly. The CMS detector will undergo a major upgrade for the HL-LHC,with entirely new tracking detectors consisting of an Outer Tracker and Inner Tracker. However, the new tracking system will be exposed to a significantly highermore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/15/04/P04017

Full Text Available
Charge collection study with the ATLAS ITk prototype silicon strip sensors ATLAS17LS

Journal Article Hara, K. ; Abidi, S. H. ; Affolder, A. A. ; ... - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

Tmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2020.164422

Full Text Available
Performance of thin planar n-on-p silicon pixels after HL-LHC radiation fluences

Journal Article Ducourthial, A. ; Bomben, M. ; Calderini, G. ; ... - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

The tracking detector of ATLAS, one of the experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), will be upgraded in 2024–2026 to cope with the challenging environment conditions of the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). The LPNHE, in collaboration with FBK and INFN, has produced 130 μm thick n-on-p silicon pixel sensors which can withstand the expected large particle fluences at HL-LHC, while delivering data at high rate with excellent hit efficiency. Such sensors were tested in beam before and after irradiation both at CERN-SPS and at DESY, and their performance are presented in this paper. Here, beam test data indicate thatmore »« less
Cited by 1
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2019.02.033

Full Text Available

Similar Records

Title: Radiation hardness and precision timing study of silicon detectors for the CMS High Granularity Calorimeter (HGC)

Abstract

Citation Formats

Sensor R&D for the CMS outer tracker upgrade for the HL-LHC journal, April 2014

Campaign to identify the future CMS tracker baseline journal, December 2011

Research Reactor Benchmarks journal, September 2003

Study of characteristics of silicon detectors irradiated with 24 GeV/c protons between −20°C and +20°C journal, June 1995

Silicon sensor developments for the CMS Tracker upgrade journal, January 2012

Performance of n-on-p planar pixel sensors with active edges at high-luminosity environment journal, January 2020

Timing performance of a multi-pad PICOSEC-Micromegas detector prototype journal, March 2021

The CMS High-Granularity Calorimeter for Operation at the High-Luminosity LHC preprint, January 2018

Sensor R&D for the CMS outer tracker upgrade for the HL-LHC
journal, April 2014

Campaign to identify the future CMS tracker baseline
journal, December 2011

Research Reactor Benchmarks
journal, September 2003

Study of characteristics of silicon detectors irradiated with 24 GeV/c protons between −20°C and +20°C
journal, June 1995

Silicon sensor developments for the CMS Tracker upgrade
journal, January 2012

Performance of n-on-p planar pixel sensors with active edges at high-luminosity environment
journal, January 2020

Timing performance of a multi-pad PICOSEC-Micromegas detector prototype
journal, March 2021

The CMS High-Granularity Calorimeter for Operation at the High-Luminosity LHC
preprint, January 2018