Improving Primary Frequency Response to Support Networked Microgrid Operations

Schneider, Kevin Paul; Radhakrishnan, Nikitha; Tang, Yingying; Tuffner, Frank; Liu, Chen-Ching; Xie, Jing; Ton, Dan T.

doi:10.1109/TPWRS.2018.2859742

Title: Improving Primary Frequency Response to Support Networked Microgrid Operations

Abstract

Individual microgrids have proven their ability to provide uninterrupted power to critical end-use load during severe events. Building on the performance of individual microgrids during extreme events, there has been an increasing interest in the operations of network microgrids. By networking microgrids during extreme events, it is possible to share resources, increase the duration for which they can operate islanded, and increase the resiliency of critical end-use loads. While there are benefits to networking the operations of resiliency-based microgrids, the switching operations that they require introduce transients which can result in a loss of dynamic stability. The issue of dynamic stability is especially acute in microgrids with high penetrations of inverter-connected generation, and a correspondingly low system inertia. While the low-inertia of these microgrids can be increased by over-sizing the rotating generators, the increased capital and operating costs can become a barrier to deployment. This work will present a method of augmenting primary frequency controls to support the switching transients necessary for the operation of networked microgrids, without the need to over-size rotating machines.

Authors:

Schneider, Kevin Paul ^[1]; Radhakrishnan, Nikitha ^[2]; Tang, Yingying ^[3]; Tuffner, Frank ^[4]; Liu, Chen-Ching ^[5]; Xie, Jing ^[5]; Ton, Dan T. ^[6]

Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States). Energy Science and Technology Directorate
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States). Optimization and Control
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States). Energy and Efficiency Division
Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA (United States). School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ. (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA (United States). Center for Power and Energy
Dept. of Energy (DOE), Washington DC (United States). Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (OE)

Publication Date:: Wed Jul 25 00:00:00 EDT 2018

Research Org.:: Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Electricity (OE)

OSTI Identifier:: 1461818

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-129594
Journal ID: ISSN 0885-8950

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: IEEE Transactions on Power Systems

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 34; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 0885-8950

Publisher:: IEEE

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION; conservation voltage reduction; distribution system analysis; power simulation; microgrids; power modeling; resiliency; smart grid; frequency control; transient analysis; voltage control; switches; frequency response

Citation Formats


                    Schneider, Kevin Paul, Radhakrishnan, Nikitha, Tang, Yingying, Tuffner, Frank, Liu, Chen-Ching, Xie, Jing, and Ton, Dan T. Improving Primary Frequency Response to Support Networked Microgrid Operations.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.1109/TPWRS.2018.2859742.

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                    Schneider, Kevin Paul, Radhakrishnan, Nikitha, Tang, Yingying, Tuffner, Frank, Liu, Chen-Ching, Xie, Jing, & Ton, Dan T. Improving Primary Frequency Response to Support Networked Microgrid Operations.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2018.2859742

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                    Schneider, Kevin Paul, Radhakrishnan, Nikitha, Tang, Yingying, Tuffner, Frank, Liu, Chen-Ching, Xie, Jing, and Ton, Dan T. Wed .  
"Improving Primary Frequency Response to Support Networked Microgrid Operations".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2018.2859742.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1461818.

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@article{osti_1461818,

  title        = {Improving Primary Frequency Response to Support Networked Microgrid Operations},

  author       = {Schneider, Kevin Paul and Radhakrishnan, Nikitha and Tang, Yingying and Tuffner, Frank and Liu, Chen-Ching and Xie, Jing and Ton, Dan T.},

  abstractNote = {Individual microgrids have proven their ability to provide uninterrupted power to critical end-use load during severe events. Building on the performance of individual microgrids during extreme events, there has been an increasing interest in the operations of network microgrids. By networking microgrids during extreme events, it is possible to share resources, increase the duration for which they can operate islanded, and increase the resiliency of critical end-use loads. While there are benefits to networking the operations of resiliency-based microgrids, the switching operations that they require introduce transients which can result in a loss of dynamic stability. The issue of dynamic stability is especially acute in microgrids with high penetrations of inverter-connected generation, and a correspondingly low system inertia. While the low-inertia of these microgrids can be increased by over-sizing the rotating generators, the increased capital and operating costs can become a barrier to deployment. This work will present a method of augmenting primary frequency controls to support the switching transients necessary for the operation of networked microgrids, without the need to over-size rotating machines.},

  doi          = {10.1109/TPWRS.2018.2859742},

  journal      = {IEEE Transactions on Power Systems},

  number       = 1,

  volume       = 34,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Wed Jul 25 00:00:00 EDT 2018},

  month        = {Wed Jul 25 00:00:00 EDT 2018}

}

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https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2018.2859742

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Cited by: 30 works

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Figures / Tables:

Fig.1: Idealized primary, secondary, and tertiary frequency response and controls following the loss of a generating unit.

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