Modeling Load Dynamics to Support Resiliency-based Operations in Low-Inertia Microgrids

Tuffner, Francis K.; Schneider, Kevin P.; Hansen, Jacob; Elizondo, Marcelo A.

doi:10.1109/TSG.2018.2809452

Title: Modeling Load Dynamics to Support Resiliency-based Operations in Low-Inertia Microgrids

Abstract

Microgrids have repeatedly demonstrated the ability to provide uninterrupted service to critical end-use loads during normal outages, severe weather events, and natural disasters. While their ability to provide critical services is well documented, microgrids present a more dynamic operational environment than grid-connected distribution systems. The electrodynamics of a microgrid are commonly driven by the high inertia of rotating generators, which are common in many microgrids. In such high-inertia systems, the impact of end-use load electromechanical dynamics are often not examined. However, with the increased penetration of inverter-based generation with little or no inertia, it is necessary to consider the impact that the dynamics of the end-use loads have on the operations of microgrids, particularly for a resiliency-based operation. These operations include, but are not limited to, switching operations, loss of generating units, and the starting of induction motors. This paper examines the importance of including multi-state electromechanical dynamic models of the end-use load when evaluating the operations of low inertia microgrids, and shows that by properly representing their behavior, it is possible to cost effectively size equipment while supporting resilient operations of critical end-use loads.

Authors:

Tuffner, Francis K. ^[1]; Schneider, Kevin P. ^[1]; Hansen, Jacob ^[1]; Elizondo, Marcelo A. ^[1]

Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Seattle,, WA (United States)

Publication Date:: 2018-03-07

Research Org.:: Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Electricity (OE)

Contributing Org.:: Load modeling; Microgrids, Mathematical model; Power system dynamics; Induction motors; Transient analysis; Computational modeling

OSTI Identifier:: 1438241

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1429919

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-127268
Journal ID: ISSN 1949-3053

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 10; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 1949-3053

Publisher:: IEEE

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION; 42 ENGINEERING; dynamics; electromechanical; GridLAB-D; induction motor; load model; microgrid; low inertia

Citation Formats


                    Tuffner, Francis K., Schneider, Kevin P., Hansen, Jacob, and Elizondo, Marcelo A. Modeling Load Dynamics to Support Resiliency-based Operations in Low-Inertia Microgrids.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.1109/TSG.2018.2809452.

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                    Tuffner, Francis K., Schneider, Kevin P., Hansen, Jacob, & Elizondo, Marcelo A. Modeling Load Dynamics to Support Resiliency-based Operations in Low-Inertia Microgrids.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2018.2809452

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                    Tuffner, Francis K., Schneider, Kevin P., Hansen, Jacob, and Elizondo, Marcelo A. Wed .  
"Modeling Load Dynamics to Support Resiliency-based Operations in Low-Inertia Microgrids".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2018.2809452.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1438241.

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@article{osti_1438241,

  title        = {Modeling Load Dynamics to Support Resiliency-based Operations in Low-Inertia Microgrids},

  author       = {Tuffner, Francis K. and Schneider, Kevin P. and Hansen, Jacob and Elizondo, Marcelo A.},

  abstractNote = {Microgrids have repeatedly demonstrated the ability to provide uninterrupted service to critical end-use loads during normal outages, severe weather events, and natural disasters. While their ability to provide critical services is well documented, microgrids present a more dynamic operational environment than grid-connected distribution systems. The electrodynamics of a microgrid are commonly driven by the high inertia of rotating generators, which are common in many microgrids. In such high-inertia systems, the impact of end-use load electromechanical dynamics are often not examined. However, with the increased penetration of inverter-based generation with little or no inertia, it is necessary to consider the impact that the dynamics of the end-use loads have on the operations of microgrids, particularly for a resiliency-based operation. These operations include, but are not limited to, switching operations, loss of generating units, and the starting of induction motors. This paper examines the importance of including multi-state electromechanical dynamic models of the end-use load when evaluating the operations of low inertia microgrids, and shows that by properly representing their behavior, it is possible to cost effectively size equipment while supporting resilient operations of critical end-use loads.},

  doi          = {10.1109/TSG.2018.2809452},

  journal      = {IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid},

  number       = 3,

  volume       = 10,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2018},

  month        = {3}

}

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Figure 1: Single-phase motor state transition diagram

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