A programmable two-qubit quantum processor in silicon
Abstract
Now that it is possible to achieve measurement and control fidelities for individual quantum bits (qubits) above the threshold for fault tolerance, attention is moving towards the difficult task of scaling up the number of physical qubits to the large numbers that are needed for fault-tolerant quantum computing (1,2). In this context, quantum-dot-based spin qubits could have substantial advantages over other types of qubit owing to their potential for all-electrical operation and ability to be integrated at high density onto an industrial platform (3,4,5). Initialization, readout and single- and two-qubit gates have been demonstrated in various quantum-dot-based qubit representations (6,7,8,9). However, as seen with small-scale demonstrations of quantum computers using other types of qubit (10,11,12,13), combining these elements leads to challenges related to qubit crosstalk, state leakage, calibration and control hardware. We overcome these challenges by using carefully designed control techniques to demonstrate a programmable two-qubit quantum processor in a silicon device that can perform the Deutsch–Josza algorithm and the Grover search algorithm—canonical examples of quantum algorithms that outperform their classical analogues. We characterize the entanglement in our processor by using quantum-state tomography of Bell states, measuring state fidelities of 85–89 per cent and concurrences of 73–82 per cent. Thesemore »
- Authors:
-
- Delft Univ. of Technology (Netherlands). QuTech and the Kavli Inst. of Nanoscience
- Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States). Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); US Army Research Office (ARO); National Science Foundation (NSF); Heiwa Nakajima Foundation; European Union (EU)-European Commission (EC). Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions (MSCA)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1460099
- Grant/Contract Number:
- FG02-03ER46028; W911NF-17-1-0274; W911NF-12-1-0607; DMR-1121288; 676108
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Nature (London)
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Nature (London); Journal Volume: 555; Journal Issue: 7698; Journal ID: ISSN 0028-0836
- Publisher:
- Nature Publishing Group
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY; 97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING; quantum dots; quantum information; qubits
Citation Formats
Watson, T. F., Philips, S. G. J., Kawakami, E., Ward, D. R., Scarlino, P., Veldhorst, M., Savage, D. E., Lagally, M. G., Friesen, Mark, Coppersmith, S. N., Eriksson, M. A., and Vandersypen, L. M. K. A programmable two-qubit quantum processor in silicon. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.1038/nature25766.
Watson, T. F., Philips, S. G. J., Kawakami, E., Ward, D. R., Scarlino, P., Veldhorst, M., Savage, D. E., Lagally, M. G., Friesen, Mark, Coppersmith, S. N., Eriksson, M. A., & Vandersypen, L. M. K. A programmable two-qubit quantum processor in silicon. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature25766
Watson, T. F., Philips, S. G. J., Kawakami, E., Ward, D. R., Scarlino, P., Veldhorst, M., Savage, D. E., Lagally, M. G., Friesen, Mark, Coppersmith, S. N., Eriksson, M. A., and Vandersypen, L. M. K. Thu .
"A programmable two-qubit quantum processor in silicon". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature25766. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1460099.
@article{osti_1460099,
title = {A programmable two-qubit quantum processor in silicon},
author = {Watson, T. F. and Philips, S. G. J. and Kawakami, E. and Ward, D. R. and Scarlino, P. and Veldhorst, M. and Savage, D. E. and Lagally, M. G. and Friesen, Mark and Coppersmith, S. N. and Eriksson, M. A. and Vandersypen, L. M. K.},
abstractNote = {Now that it is possible to achieve measurement and control fidelities for individual quantum bits (qubits) above the threshold for fault tolerance, attention is moving towards the difficult task of scaling up the number of physical qubits to the large numbers that are needed for fault-tolerant quantum computing (1,2). In this context, quantum-dot-based spin qubits could have substantial advantages over other types of qubit owing to their potential for all-electrical operation and ability to be integrated at high density onto an industrial platform (3,4,5). Initialization, readout and single- and two-qubit gates have been demonstrated in various quantum-dot-based qubit representations (6,7,8,9). However, as seen with small-scale demonstrations of quantum computers using other types of qubit (10,11,12,13), combining these elements leads to challenges related to qubit crosstalk, state leakage, calibration and control hardware. We overcome these challenges by using carefully designed control techniques to demonstrate a programmable two-qubit quantum processor in a silicon device that can perform the Deutsch–Josza algorithm and the Grover search algorithm—canonical examples of quantum algorithms that outperform their classical analogues. We characterize the entanglement in our processor by using quantum-state tomography of Bell states, measuring state fidelities of 85–89 per cent and concurrences of 73–82 per cent. These results pave the way for larger-scale quantum computers that use spins confined to quantum dots.},
doi = {10.1038/nature25766},
journal = {Nature (London)},
number = 7698,
volume = 555,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Mar 29 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Thu Mar 29 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}
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