Precision Tomography of a Three-Qubit Donor Quantum Processor in Silicon
Abstract
Nuclear spins were among the first physical platforms to be considered for quantum information processing, because of their exceptional quantum coherence and atomic-scale footprint. However, their full potential for quantum computing has not yet been realized, owing to the lack of methods with which to link nuclear qubits within a scalable device combined with multi-qubit operations with sufficient fidelity to sustain fault-tolerant quantum computation. Here we demonstrate universal quantum logic operations using a pair of ion-implanted 31P donor nuclei in a silicon nanoelectronic device. A nuclear two-qubit controlled-Z gate is obtained by imparting a geometric phase to a shared electron spin, and used to prepare entangled Bell states with fidelities up to 94.2(2.7)%. The quantum operations are precisely characterized using gate set tomography (GST), yielding one-qubit average gate fidelities up to 99.95(2)%, two-qubit average gate fidelity of 99.37(11)% and two-qubit preparation/measurement fidelities of 98.95(4)%. These three metrics indicate that nuclear spins in silicon are approaching the performance demanded in fault-tolerant quantum processors. We then demonstrate entanglement between the two nuclei and the shared electron by producing a Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger three-qubit state with 92.5(1.0)% fidelity. Because electron spin qubits in semiconductors can be further coupled to other electrons or physically shuttled acrossmore »
- Authors:
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[1];
[2];
[3];
[4];
[5];
[6];
[6];
[5];
[7];
[4];
[8];
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- Delft Univ. of Technology (Netherlands); UNSW Sydney (Australia)
- Univ. of Copenhagen (Denmark); UNSW Sydney (Australia)
- Univ. of Technology Sydney, Ultimo (Australia); Ain Shams Univ., Cairo (Egypt)
- UNSW Sydney (Australia)
- Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
- Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)
- UNSW Sydney (Australia); Univ. of Technology Sydney, Ultimo (Australia)
- Keio Univ., Yokohama (Japan)
- Univ. of Melbourne (Australia)
- Univ. of Technology Sydney, Ultimo (Australia)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States); Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR): Australian Research Council; Australian Department of Industry, Innovation and Science; US Army Research Office
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1841674
- Report Number(s):
- SAND-2022-0751J
Journal ID: ISSN 0028-0836; 703008; TRN: US2301301
- Grant/Contract Number:
- NA0003525; CE170100012; AUSMURI000002; W911NF-17-1-0200
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Nature (London)
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Nature (London); Journal Volume: 601; Journal Issue: 7893; Journal ID: ISSN 0028-0836
- Publisher:
- Nature Publishing Group
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS; quantum information; qubits
Citation Formats
Mądzik, Mateusz T., Asaad, Serwan, Youssry, Akram, Joecker, Benjamin, Rudinger, Kenneth M., Nielsen, Erik, Young, Kevin C., Proctor, Timothy J., Baczewski, Andrew D., Laucht, Arne, Schmitt, Vivien, Hudson, Fay E., Itoh, Kohei M., Jakob, Alexander M., Johnson, Brett C., Jamieson, David N., Dzurak, Andrew S., Ferrie, Christopher, Blume-Kohout, Robin, and Morello, Andrea. Precision Tomography of a Three-Qubit Donor Quantum Processor in Silicon. United States: N. p., 2022.
Web. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04292-7.
Mądzik, Mateusz T., Asaad, Serwan, Youssry, Akram, Joecker, Benjamin, Rudinger, Kenneth M., Nielsen, Erik, Young, Kevin C., Proctor, Timothy J., Baczewski, Andrew D., Laucht, Arne, Schmitt, Vivien, Hudson, Fay E., Itoh, Kohei M., Jakob, Alexander M., Johnson, Brett C., Jamieson, David N., Dzurak, Andrew S., Ferrie, Christopher, Blume-Kohout, Robin, & Morello, Andrea. Precision Tomography of a Three-Qubit Donor Quantum Processor in Silicon. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04292-7
Mądzik, Mateusz T., Asaad, Serwan, Youssry, Akram, Joecker, Benjamin, Rudinger, Kenneth M., Nielsen, Erik, Young, Kevin C., Proctor, Timothy J., Baczewski, Andrew D., Laucht, Arne, Schmitt, Vivien, Hudson, Fay E., Itoh, Kohei M., Jakob, Alexander M., Johnson, Brett C., Jamieson, David N., Dzurak, Andrew S., Ferrie, Christopher, Blume-Kohout, Robin, and Morello, Andrea. Wed .
"Precision Tomography of a Three-Qubit Donor Quantum Processor in Silicon". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04292-7. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1841674.
@article{osti_1841674,
title = {Precision Tomography of a Three-Qubit Donor Quantum Processor in Silicon},
author = {Mądzik, Mateusz T. and Asaad, Serwan and Youssry, Akram and Joecker, Benjamin and Rudinger, Kenneth M. and Nielsen, Erik and Young, Kevin C. and Proctor, Timothy J. and Baczewski, Andrew D. and Laucht, Arne and Schmitt, Vivien and Hudson, Fay E. and Itoh, Kohei M. and Jakob, Alexander M. and Johnson, Brett C. and Jamieson, David N. and Dzurak, Andrew S. and Ferrie, Christopher and Blume-Kohout, Robin and Morello, Andrea},
abstractNote = {Nuclear spins were among the first physical platforms to be considered for quantum information processing, because of their exceptional quantum coherence and atomic-scale footprint. However, their full potential for quantum computing has not yet been realized, owing to the lack of methods with which to link nuclear qubits within a scalable device combined with multi-qubit operations with sufficient fidelity to sustain fault-tolerant quantum computation. Here we demonstrate universal quantum logic operations using a pair of ion-implanted 31P donor nuclei in a silicon nanoelectronic device. A nuclear two-qubit controlled-Z gate is obtained by imparting a geometric phase to a shared electron spin, and used to prepare entangled Bell states with fidelities up to 94.2(2.7)%. The quantum operations are precisely characterized using gate set tomography (GST), yielding one-qubit average gate fidelities up to 99.95(2)%, two-qubit average gate fidelity of 99.37(11)% and two-qubit preparation/measurement fidelities of 98.95(4)%. These three metrics indicate that nuclear spins in silicon are approaching the performance demanded in fault-tolerant quantum processors. We then demonstrate entanglement between the two nuclei and the shared electron by producing a Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger three-qubit state with 92.5(1.0)% fidelity. Because electron spin qubits in semiconductors can be further coupled to other electrons or physically shuttled across different locations, these results establish a viable route for scalable quantum information processing using donor nuclear and electron spins.},
doi = {10.1038/s41586-021-04292-7},
journal = {Nature (London)},
number = 7893,
volume = 601,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Jan 19 00:00:00 EST 2022},
month = {Wed Jan 19 00:00:00 EST 2022}
}
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