Interface Energy Coupling between β-tungsten Nanofilm and Few-layered Graphene

Han, Meng; Yuan, Pengyu; Liu, Jing; Si, Shuyao; Zhao, Xiaolong; Yue, Yanan; Wang, Xinwei; Xiao, Xiangheng

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-12389-1

Title: Interface Energy Coupling between β-tungsten Nanofilm and Few-layered Graphene

Abstract

We report the thermal conductance induced by few-layered graphene (G) sandwiched between β-phase tungsten (β-W) films of 15, 30 and 40 nm thickness. Our differential characterization is able to distinguish the thermal conductance of β-W film and β-W/G interface. The cross-plane thermal conductivity (k) of β-W films is determined at 1.69~2.41 Wm^-1K^-1 which is much smaller than that of α-phase tungsten (174 Wm^-1K^-1). This small value is consistent with the large electrical resistivity reported for β-W in literatures and in this work. The β-W/β-W and β-W/G interface thermal conductance (GW/W and GW/G) are characterized and compared using multilayered β-W films with and without sandwiched graphene layers. The average GW/W is found to be at 280 MW m^-2K^-1. GW/G features strong variation from sample to sample, and has a lower-limit of 84 MW m^-2K^-1, taking into consideration of the uncertainties. This is attributed to possible graphene structure damage and variation during graphene transfer and W sputtering. The difference between G2W/G and GW/W uncovers the finite thermal resistance induced by the graphene layer. Compared with up-to-date reported graphene interface thermal conductance, the β-W/G interface is at the high end in terms of local energy coupling.

Authors:

Han, Meng ^[1]; Yuan, Pengyu ^[1]; Liu, Jing ^[1]; Si, Shuyao ^[2]; Zhao, Xiaolong ^[2]; Yue, Yanan ^[2]; Wang, Xinwei ^[1];

^[2]

Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States)
Wuhan Univ. (China)

Publication Date:: Fri Sep 22 00:00:00 EDT 2017

Research Org.:: Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE); USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy (NE)

OSTI Identifier:: 1425961

Grant/Contract Number:: EE0007686; NE0000671

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Scientific Reports

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 7; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2045-2322

Publisher:: Nature Publishing Group

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE

Citation Formats


                    Han, Meng, Yuan, Pengyu, Liu, Jing, Si, Shuyao, Zhao, Xiaolong, Yue, Yanan, Wang, Xinwei, and Xiao, Xiangheng. Interface Energy Coupling between β-tungsten Nanofilm and Few-layered Graphene.  United States: N. p., 2017. 
Web.  doi:10.1038/s41598-017-12389-1.

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                    Han, Meng, Yuan, Pengyu, Liu, Jing, Si, Shuyao, Zhao, Xiaolong, Yue, Yanan, Wang, Xinwei, & Xiao, Xiangheng. Interface Energy Coupling between β-tungsten Nanofilm and Few-layered Graphene.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-12389-1

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                    Han, Meng, Yuan, Pengyu, Liu, Jing, Si, Shuyao, Zhao, Xiaolong, Yue, Yanan, Wang, Xinwei, and Xiao, Xiangheng. Fri .  
"Interface Energy Coupling between β-tungsten Nanofilm and Few-layered Graphene".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-12389-1.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1425961.

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@article{osti_1425961,

  title        = {Interface Energy Coupling between β-tungsten Nanofilm and Few-layered Graphene},

  author       = {Han, Meng and Yuan, Pengyu and Liu, Jing and Si, Shuyao and Zhao, Xiaolong and Yue, Yanan and Wang, Xinwei and Xiao, Xiangheng},

  abstractNote = {We report the thermal conductance induced by few-layered graphene (G) sandwiched between β-phase tungsten (β-W) films of 15, 30 and 40 nm thickness. Our differential characterization is able to distinguish the thermal conductance of β-W film and β-W/G interface. The cross-plane thermal conductivity (k) of β-W films is determined at 1.69~2.41 Wm-1K-1 which is much smaller than that of α-phase tungsten (174 Wm-1K-1). This small value is consistent with the large electrical resistivity reported for β-W in literatures and in this work. The β-W/β-W and β-W/G interface thermal conductance (GW/W and GW/G) are characterized and compared using multilayered β-W films with and without sandwiched graphene layers. The average GW/W is found to be at 280 MW m-2K-1. GW/G features strong variation from sample to sample, and has a lower-limit of 84 MW m-2K-1, taking into consideration of the uncertainties. This is attributed to possible graphene structure damage and variation during graphene transfer and W sputtering. The difference between G2W/G and GW/W uncovers the finite thermal resistance induced by the graphene layer. Compared with up-to-date reported graphene interface thermal conductance, the β-W/G interface is at the high end in terms of local energy coupling.},

  doi          = {10.1038/s41598-017-12389-1},

  journal      = {Scientific Reports},

  number       = 1,

  volume       = 7,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri Sep 22 00:00:00 EDT 2017},

  month        = {Fri Sep 22 00:00:00 EDT 2017}

}

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Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 29, Issue 5
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Spin transfer torque devices utilizing the giant spin Hall effect of tungsten
journal, September 2012

Pai, Chi-Feng; Liu, Luqiao; Li, Y.
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 101, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1063/1.4753947

Beta (β) tungsten thin films: Structure, electron transport, and giant spin Hall effect
journal, May 2015

Hao, Qiang; Chen, Wenzhe; Xiao, Gang
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 106, Issue 18
DOI: 10.1063/1.4919867

Noncontact thermal characterization of multiwall carbon nanotubes
journal, March 2005

Wang, Xinwei; Zhong, Zhanrong; Xu, Jun
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 97, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1063/1.1854725

Thermophysical properties of hydrogenated vanadium-doped magnesium porous nanostructures
journal, December 2009

Chen, Xiangwen; He, Yuping; Zhao, Yiping
Nanotechnology, Vol. 21, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/5/055707

Effect of zirconium(IV) propoxide concentration on the thermophysical properties of hybrid organic-inorganic films
journal, July 2008

Wang, Tao; Wang, Xinwei; Zhang, Yanwu
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 104, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1063/1.2951961

Growth and characterization of α and β -phase tungsten films on various substrates
journal, March 2016

Lee, Jeong-Seop; Cho, Jaehun; You, Chun-Yeol
Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 34, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1116/1.4936261

Electrical and thermal transport in single nickel nanowire
journal, February 2008

Ou, M. N.; Yang, T. J.; Harutyunyan, S. R.
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 92, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1063/1.2839572

Works referencing / citing this record:

Measurement of the thermal conductivities of suspended MoS ₂ and MoSe ₂ by nanosecond ET-Raman without temperature calibration and laser absorption evaluation
journal, January 2018

Wang, Ridong; Wang, Tianyu; Zobeiri, Hamidreza
Nanoscale, Vol. 10, Issue 48
DOI: 10.1039/c8nr05641b

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Title: Interface Energy Coupling between β-tungsten Nanofilm and Few-layered Graphene

Abstract

Citation Formats

Manipulating Thermal Conductance at Metal–Graphene Contacts via Chemical Functionalization journal, January 2012

Electrical conductivity measurement of metal plates using broadband eddy-current and four-point methods journal, September 2005

Electrical Resistivity Model for Polycrystalline Films: the case of Specular Reflection at External Surfaces journal, June 1969

Radiation Resistant Vanadium-Graphene Nanolayered Composite journal, April 2016

Inhomogeneous strain states in sputter deposited tungsten thin films journal, November 1997

Electrical conductivity measurement of metal plates using broadband eddy-current and four-point methods journal, September 2005

Electrical-Resistivity Model for Polycrystalline Films: the Case of Arbitrary Reflection at External Surfaces journal, February 1970

Energy dissipation in graphene field-effect transistors text, January 2009

Electrical and thermal transport in single nickel nanowire journal, February 2008

XRD line profile analysis of tungsten thin films journal, October 2005

Experimental study on the influences of grain boundary scattering on the charge and heat transport in gold and platinum nanofilms journal, July 2011

Phase transformation of sputter deposited tungsten thin films with A‐15 structure journal, June 1996

Energy Dissipation in Graphene Field-Effect Transistors journal, May 2009

Plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition of β‐tungsten, a metastable phase journal, September 1984

Elektrolysen in Phosphatschmelzen. I. Die elektrolytische Gewinnung von ?- und ?-Wolfram journal, May 1931

Inhomogeneous strain states in sputter deposited tungsten thin films journal, November 1997

Electrical Resistivity Model for Polycrystalline Films: the case of Specular Reflection at External Surfaces journal, June 1969

Superconductivity in Evaporated Tungsten Films journal, April 1968

Pure Tungsten Direct from Ore journal, January 1943

Negligible Electronic Contribution to Heat Transfer across Intrinsic Metal/Graphene Interfaces journal, August 2017

Microstructure, growth, resistivity, and stresses in thin tungsten films deposited by rf sputtering journal, June 1973

Impermeable Atomic Membranes from Graphene Sheets text, January 2008

Superconductivity in Films of β Tungsten and Other Transition Metals journal, August 1965

Graphene electrostatic microphone and ultrasonic radio journal, July 2015

Thermal and Electrical Conduction in Ultrathin Metallic Films: 7 nm down to Sub-Nanometer Thickness journal, February 2013

Sputter-deposited amorphous-like tungsten journal, March 2004

Microstructure, growth, resistivity, and stresses in thin tungsten films deposited by rf sputtering journal, June 1973

Micro/Nanoscale Spatial Resolution Temperature Probing for the Interfacial Thermal Characterization of Epitaxial Graphene on 4H-SiC journal, October 2011

Growth and characterization of α and β -phase tungsten films on various substrates journal, March 2016

Graphene Nano-Ribbon Electronics text, January 2007

Thermophysical properties of hydrogenated vanadium-doped magnesium porous nanostructures journal, December 2009

Plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition of β‐tungsten, a metastable phase journal, September 1984

Heat Conduction across Monolayer and Few-Layer Graphenes journal, November 2010

Neutron irradiation effects on the microstructural development of tungsten and tungsten alloys journal, April 2016

Phase transformation of thin sputter-deposited tungsten films at room temperature journal, January 2002

Pure Tungsten Direct from Ore journal, January 1943

Beta (β) tungsten thin films: Structure, electron transport, and giant spin Hall effect journal, May 2015

Improved topological conformity enhances heat conduction across metal contacts on transferred graphene journal, August 2016

Phase transformation of sputter deposited tungsten thin films with A‐15 structure journal, June 1996

Thermal Conductivity of the Elements journal, April 1972

Impermeable Atomic Membranes from Graphene Sheets journal, August 2008

Phase, grain structure, stress, and resistivity of sputter-deposited tungsten films journal, September 2011

Effect of zirconium(IV) propoxide concentration on the thermophysical properties of hybrid organic-inorganic films journal, July 2008

Spatially Resolved Raman Spectroscopy of Single- and Few-Layer Graphene text, January 2006

Energy Band Gap Engineering of Graphene Nanoribbons text, January 2007

Residual stress, microstructure, and structure of tungsten thin films deposited by magnetron sputtering journal, January 2000

Highly thermally conductive and mechanically strong graphene fibers journal, September 2015

Superconductivity of Tungsten journal, June 1964

Controlled nanostructuration of polycrystalline tungsten thin films journal, May 2013

Measurement of the thermal conductance of the graphene/SiO2 interface journal, November 2010

Superior Thermal Conductivity of Single-Layer Graphene journal, March 2008

Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films journal, October 2004

Effect of interfacial interactions on the thermal conductivity and interfacial thermal conductance in tungsten–graphene layered structure journal, September 2014

The conductivity of thin metallic films according to the electron theory of metals journal, January 1938

Neutron irradiation effects on the microstructural development of tungsten and tungsten alloys journal, April 2016

Oxidation of tungsten and tungsten carbide in dry and humid atmospheres journal, January 1996

Highly thermally conductive and mechanically strong graphene fibers journal, September 2015

Thermal Conductivity of the Elements journal, April 1972

Model-based characterization of homogeneous metal plates by four-point alternating current potential drop measurements journal, June 2005

Spin transfer torque devices utilizing the giant spin Hall effect of tungsten journal, September 2012

The rise of graphene journal, March 2007

Improved topological conformity enhances heat conduction across metal contacts on transferred graphene journal, August 2016

Graphene electrostatic microphone and ultrasonic radio journal, July 2015

Low energy and low fluence helium implantations in tungsten: Molecular dynamics simulations and experiments journal, March 2016

Spatially Resolved Raman Spectroscopy of Single- and Few-Layer Graphene journal, February 2007

Sputter-deposited amorphous-like tungsten journal, March 2004

Noncontact thermal characterization of multiwall carbon nanotubes journal, March 2005

Low energy and low fluence helium implantations in tungsten: Molecular dynamics simulations and experiments journal, March 2016

Graphene nano-ribbon electronics journal, December 2007

Radiation tolerance of Cu/W multilayered nanocomposites journal, June 2011

Thermal contact resistance between graphene and silicon dioxide journal, October 2009

Electrical and Thermal Conduction in Atomic Layer Deposition Nanobridges Down to 7 nm Thickness journal, January 2012

Micro/Nanoscale Spatial Resolution Temperature Probing for the Interfacial Thermal Characterization of Epitaxial Graphene on 4H-SiC journal, October 2011

Heat Conduction across Monolayer and Few-Layer Graphenes text, January 2010

The rise of graphene journal, March 2007

Phase transformation of thin sputter-deposited tungsten films at room temperature journal, January 2002

Radiation tolerance of Cu/W multilayered nanocomposites journal, June 2011

Manipulating Thermal Conductance at Metal–Graphene Contacts via Chemical Functionalization
journal, January 2012

Electrical conductivity measurement of metal plates using broadband eddy-current and four-point methods
journal, September 2005

Electrical Resistivity Model for Polycrystalline Films: the case of Specular Reflection at External Surfaces
journal, June 1969

Radiation Resistant Vanadium-Graphene Nanolayered Composite
journal, April 2016

Inhomogeneous strain states in sputter deposited tungsten thin films
journal, November 1997

Electrical conductivity measurement of metal plates using broadband eddy-current and four-point methods
journal, September 2005

Electrical-Resistivity Model for Polycrystalline Films: the Case of Arbitrary Reflection at External Surfaces
journal, February 1970

Energy dissipation in graphene field-effect transistors
text, January 2009

Electrical and thermal transport in single nickel nanowire
journal, February 2008

XRD line profile analysis of tungsten thin films
journal, October 2005

Experimental study on the influences of grain boundary scattering on the charge and heat transport in gold and platinum nanofilms
journal, July 2011

Phase transformation of sputter deposited tungsten thin films with A‐15 structure
journal, June 1996

Energy Dissipation in Graphene Field-Effect Transistors
journal, May 2009

Plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition of β‐tungsten, a metastable phase
journal, September 1984

Elektrolysen in Phosphatschmelzen. I. Die elektrolytische Gewinnung von ?- und ?-Wolfram
journal, May 1931

Inhomogeneous strain states in sputter deposited tungsten thin films
journal, November 1997

Electrical Resistivity Model for Polycrystalline Films: the case of Specular Reflection at External Surfaces
journal, June 1969

Superconductivity in Evaporated Tungsten Films
journal, April 1968

Pure Tungsten Direct from Ore
journal, January 1943

Negligible Electronic Contribution to Heat Transfer across Intrinsic Metal/Graphene Interfaces
journal, August 2017

Microstructure, growth, resistivity, and stresses in thin tungsten films deposited by rf sputtering
journal, June 1973

Impermeable Atomic Membranes from Graphene Sheets
text, January 2008

Superconductivity in Films of $β$ Tungsten and Other Transition Metals
journal, August 1965

Graphene electrostatic microphone and ultrasonic radio
journal, July 2015

Thermal and Electrical Conduction in Ultrathin Metallic Films: 7 nm down to Sub-Nanometer Thickness
journal, February 2013

Sputter-deposited amorphous-like tungsten
journal, March 2004

Microstructure, growth, resistivity, and stresses in thin tungsten films deposited by rf sputtering
journal, June 1973

Micro/Nanoscale Spatial Resolution Temperature Probing for the Interfacial Thermal Characterization of Epitaxial Graphene on 4H-SiC
journal, October 2011

Growth and characterization of α and β -phase tungsten films on various substrates
journal, March 2016

Graphene Nano-Ribbon Electronics
text, January 2007

Thermophysical properties of hydrogenated vanadium-doped magnesium porous nanostructures
journal, December 2009

Plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition of β‐tungsten, a metastable phase
journal, September 1984

Heat Conduction across Monolayer and Few-Layer Graphenes
journal, November 2010

Neutron irradiation effects on the microstructural development of tungsten and tungsten alloys
journal, April 2016

Phase transformation of thin sputter-deposited tungsten films at room temperature
journal, January 2002

Pure Tungsten Direct from Ore
journal, January 1943

Beta (β) tungsten thin films: Structure, electron transport, and giant spin Hall effect
journal, May 2015

Improved topological conformity enhances heat conduction across metal contacts on transferred graphene
journal, August 2016

Phase transformation of sputter deposited tungsten thin films with A‐15 structure
journal, June 1996

Thermal Conductivity of the Elements
journal, April 1972

Impermeable Atomic Membranes from Graphene Sheets
journal, August 2008

Phase, grain structure, stress, and resistivity of sputter-deposited tungsten films
journal, September 2011

Effect of zirconium(IV) propoxide concentration on the thermophysical properties of hybrid organic-inorganic films
journal, July 2008

Spatially Resolved Raman Spectroscopy of Single- and Few-Layer Graphene
text, January 2006

Energy Band Gap Engineering of Graphene Nanoribbons
text, January 2007

Residual stress, microstructure, and structure of tungsten thin films deposited by magnetron sputtering
journal, January 2000

Highly thermally conductive and mechanically strong graphene fibers
journal, September 2015

Superconductivity of Tungsten
journal, June 1964

Controlled nanostructuration of polycrystalline tungsten thin films
journal, May 2013

Measurement of the thermal conductance of the graphene/SiO2 interface
journal, November 2010

Superior Thermal Conductivity of Single-Layer Graphene
journal, March 2008

Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films
journal, October 2004

Effect of interfacial interactions on the thermal conductivity and interfacial thermal conductance in tungsten–graphene layered structure
journal, September 2014

The conductivity of thin metallic films according to the electron theory of metals
journal, January 1938

Neutron irradiation effects on the microstructural development of tungsten and tungsten alloys
journal, April 2016

Oxidation of tungsten and tungsten carbide in dry and humid atmospheres
journal, January 1996

Highly thermally conductive and mechanically strong graphene fibers
journal, September 2015

Thermal Conductivity of the Elements
journal, April 1972

Model-based characterization of homogeneous metal plates by four-point alternating current potential drop measurements
journal, June 2005

Spin transfer torque devices utilizing the giant spin Hall effect of tungsten
journal, September 2012

The rise of graphene
journal, March 2007

Improved topological conformity enhances heat conduction across metal contacts on transferred graphene
journal, August 2016

Graphene electrostatic microphone and ultrasonic radio
journal, July 2015

Low energy and low fluence helium implantations in tungsten: Molecular dynamics simulations and experiments
journal, March 2016

Spatially Resolved Raman Spectroscopy of Single- and Few-Layer Graphene
journal, February 2007

Sputter-deposited amorphous-like tungsten
journal, March 2004

Noncontact thermal characterization of multiwall carbon nanotubes
journal, March 2005

Low energy and low fluence helium implantations in tungsten: Molecular dynamics simulations and experiments
journal, March 2016

Graphene nano-ribbon electronics
journal, December 2007

Radiation tolerance of Cu/W multilayered nanocomposites
journal, June 2011

Thermal contact resistance between graphene and silicon dioxide
journal, October 2009

Electrical and Thermal Conduction in Atomic Layer Deposition Nanobridges Down to 7 nm Thickness
journal, January 2012

Micro/Nanoscale Spatial Resolution Temperature Probing for the Interfacial Thermal Characterization of Epitaxial Graphene on 4H-SiC
journal, October 2011

Heat Conduction across Monolayer and Few-Layer Graphenes
text, January 2010

The rise of graphene
journal, March 2007

Phase transformation of thin sputter-deposited tungsten films at room temperature
journal, January 2002

Radiation tolerance of Cu/W multilayered nanocomposites
journal, June 2011

Controlled nanostructuration of polycrystalline tungsten thin films
journal, May 2013

Effect of interfacial interactions on the thermal conductivity and interfacial thermal conductance in tungsten–graphene layered structure
journal, September 2014

Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films
journal, October 2004