102 Search Results

The correlation between the mean transverse momentum, [p_T], and the squared anisotropic flow, $$v^2_n$$, on an event-by-event basis has been suggested to be influenced by the initial conditions in heavy-ion collisions. We present measurements of the variances and covariance of [p_T] and $$v^2_n$$, along with their dimensionless ratio, for Au+Au collisions at various beam energies: $$\sqrt{s_{NN}}$$ = 14.6, 19.6, 27, 54.4, and 200 GeV. Our measurements reveal a distinct energy-dependent behavior in the variances and covariances. In addition, the dimensionless ratio displays a similar behavior across different beam energies. We compare our measurements with hydrodynamic models and similar measurements frommore » Pb+Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). These findings provide valuable insights into the beam energy dependence of the specific shear viscosity (η/s) and initial-state effects, allowing for differentiating between different initial-state models.« less

The first measurement of the 𝑒⁺⁢𝑒⁻ pair production at midrapidity and low invariant mass in central Pb-Pb collisions at $$\sqrt{s_{NN}}$$ = 5.02 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider is presented. The yield of 𝑒⁺⁢𝑒⁻ pairs is compared with a cocktail of expected hadronic decay contributions in the invariant mass (𝑚𝑒⁢𝑒) and pair transverse momentum (𝑝_{T,𝑒⁢𝑒}) ranges 𝑚_𝑒⁢𝑒 < 3.5 GeV/𝑐² and 𝑝_{T,𝑒⁢𝑒} < 8 GeV/𝑐. For 0.18 < 𝑚_𝑒⁢𝑒 < 0.5 GeV/𝑐² the ratio of data to the cocktail of hadronic contributions amounts to 1.40 ± 0.11⁢(stat.) ± 0.23 ⁢(syst.) ± 0.16⁢ (cocktail) and 1.42 ± 0.11⁢ (stat.) ± 0.23more » (syst.)$$^{+0.24}_{−0.29}$$ ⁢(cocktail), including or not including medium effects in the estimation of the heavy-flavor background, respectively. It is consistent with predictions from two different models for an additional contribution of thermal 𝑒+⁢𝑒− pairs from the hadronic and partonic phases. In the intermediate-mass range (1.2 < 𝑚_𝑒⁢𝑒 < 2.6 GeV/𝑐²), the pair transverse impact parameter of the 𝑒⁺⁢𝑒⁻ pairs (DCA𝑒⁢𝑒, where “DCA” denotes “distance of closest approach”) is used for the first time in Pb-Pb collisions to separate displaced dielectrons from heavy-flavor hadron decays from a possible (thermal) contribution produced at the interaction point. The data are consistent with a suppression of 𝑒⁺⁢𝑒⁻ pairs from $$𝑐\bar{𝑐}$$ and an additional prompt component. Finally, the first direct-photon measurement in the 10% most central Pb-Pb collisions at $$\sqrt{s_{NN}}$$ = 5.02 TeV is reported via the study of virtual direct photons in the transverse momentum range 1 < 𝑝_T < 5 GeV/𝑐. A model including prompt photons, as well as photons from the preequilibrium and fluid-dynamic phases, can reproduce the result, while being at the upper edge of the data uncertainties.« less

The intense photon fluxes from relativistic nuclei provide an opportunity to study photonuclear interactions in ultraperipheral collisions. In particular, it allows for the investigations of excited, light-flavour vector mesons. The measurement of coherently photoproduced 𝜋⁺𝜋⁻𝜋⁺𝜋⁻ final states in ultraperipheral Pb–Pb collisions at $$\sqrt{s_{NN}}$$ = 5.02 TeV is presented for the first time. The cross section, d𝜎/d𝑦, times the branching ratio (𝜌 → 𝜋⁺𝜋⁺𝜋⁻𝜋⁻) is found to be 47.8 ± 2.3 (stat.) ± 7.7 (syst.) mb in the rapidity interval |𝑦| < 0.5. The invariant mass distribution is not well described with a single Breit-Wigner resonance without an interference term. Includingmore » in- terference with a non-resonant contribution results in the mass and width values being too far from those reported in PDG, while the production of two interfering resonances, 𝜌(1450) and 𝜌(1700), also provides a good description of the data. The values of the masses (𝑚) and widths (Γ) of the resonances extracted from the fit assuming two interfering resonances are 𝑚₁ = 1385 ± 14 (stat.) ± 3 (syst.) MeV/𝑐², Γ₁ = 431 ± 36 (stat.) ± 82 (syst.) MeV/𝑐², 𝑚₂ = 1663 ± 13 (stat.) ± 22 (syst.) MeV/𝑐² and Γ₂ = 357 ± 31 (stat.) ± 49 (syst.) MeV/𝑐², respectively. The measured cross sections times the branching ratios are compared to recent theoretical predictions.« less

The coherent J∕𝜓 photoproduction cross section is measured for the first time at midrapidity in peripheral to semicentral Pb − Pb collisions at $$\sqrt{s_{NN}}$$ = 5.02 TeV. The centrality differential cross section d𝜎∕d𝑦 is reported for the centrality range 40–90%, together with the doubly-differential cross section d²𝜎∕d𝑦d𝑝_T, extracted in two peripheral centrality classes. The J∕𝜓 mesons are reconstructed in the dielectron channel, in the rapidity interval |𝑦| < 0.9 using the ALICE central barrel detectors. The J∕𝜓 cross section at midrapidity is statistically compatible to the earlier ALICE measurement at forward rapidity and at the same centre-of-mass energy, and showsmore » only a mild centrality dependence over the covered range. Several sets of theoretical calculations taking into account the hadronic overlap in the collisions but ignoring possible final-state effects from a hot expanding medium are found to give a fairly good description of the current measurements within uncertainties.« less

The interaction between pions and nucleons plays a crucial role in hadron physics. It represents a fundamental building block of the low-energy QCD dynamics and is subject to several resonance excitations. This work studies the p--π^±dynamics using femtoscopic correlations in high-multiplicity pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s}$$ = 13 TeV measured by ALICE at the LHC. As the final-state interaction between protons and pions is well constrained by scattering experiments and the study of pionic hydrogen, the results give access to information on the particle-emitting source in pp collisions using the femtoscopy methods. The scaling of the source size of primordial protonsmore » and pions against their pair transverse mass is extracted. The results are compared with the source sizes studied with p–p, p--K⁺, and π^±–π^± pairs by ALICE in the same collision system and are found to be in agreement for the different particle pairs. This reinforces recent findings by ALICE of a common emission source for all hadron-pairs in pp collisions at LHC energies. Furthermore, the p--p--π^± systems are studied using three-particle femtoscopy in pp collisions at TeV. The presence of three-body effects is analyzed utilizing the cumulant expansion method. In this formalism, the known two-body interactions are subtracted in order to isolate the three-body effects. For both, p--p--π⁺ and p--p--π^–, a non-zero cumulant is found, indicating effects beyond pairwise interactions. These results give information on the coupling of the pion to multiple nucleons.« less

Differential two-particle normalized cumulants (R₂) and transverse momentum correlations (P₂) are measured as a function of the relative pseudorapidity and azimuthal angle difference (ΔηΔφ) of charged particle pairs in minimum bias pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s}$$ = 13 TeV. The measurements use charged hadrons in the pseudorapidity region of |η| < 0.8 and the transverse momentum range 0.2 < p_T < 2.0 in order to focus on soft multiparticle interactions and to complement prior measurements of these correlation functions in p–Pb and Pb–Pb collisions. The correlation functions are reported for both unlike-sign and like-sign pairs and their charge-independent and charge-dependent combinations.more » Both the R₂ and P₂ measured in pp collisions exhibit features qualitatively similar to those observed in p–Pb and Pb–Pb collisions. The Δη and Δφ root mean square widths of the near-side peak of the correlation functions are evaluated and compared with those observed in p–Pb and Pb–Pb collisions and show smooth evolution with the multiplicity of charged particles produced in the collision. The comparison of the measured correlation functions with predictions from PYTHIA8 shows that this model qualitatively captures their basic structure and characteristics but feature important differences. In addition, the R$$^{CD}_{2}$$ is used to determine the charge balance function of hadrons produced within the detector acceptance of the measurements. The integral of the balance function is found to be compatible with those reported by a previous measurement in Pb–Pb collisions.« less

The momentum-differential invariant cross sections of π⁰ and η mesons are reported for pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s}$$ = 13 TeV at midrapidity (|y| < 0.8). The measurement is performed in a broad transverse-momentum range of 0.2 < p_T < 200 GeV/c and 0.4 < p_T < 60 GeV/c for the π⁰ and η, respectively, extending the p_T coverage of previous measurements. Transverse-mass-scaling violation of up to 60% at low transverse momentum has been observed, agreeing with measurements at lower collision energies. Transverse Bjorken x (x_T) scaling of the π⁰ cross sections at LHC energies is fulfilled with a power-law exponentmore » of n = 5.01 ± 0.05, consistent with values obtained for charged pions at similar collision energies. The data are compared to predictions from next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations, where the π⁰ spectrum is best described using the CT18 parton distribution function and the NNFF1.0 or BDSS fragmentation function. Expectations from PYTHIA8 and EPOS LHC overestimate the spectrum for the π⁰ and are not able to describe the shape and magnitude of the η spectrum. The charged-particle multiplicity dependent π⁰ and η p_T spectra show the expected change of the spectral shape, characterized by a flatter slope with increasing multiplicity. This is demonstrated across a broad transverse-momentum range and up to events with a charged-particle multiplicity exceeding five times the mean value in minimum bias collisions. The η/π⁰ ratio depends on the charged-particle multiplicity for p_T < 4 GeV/c. PYTHIA8 and EPOS LHC qualitatively explain this behavior with an increasing contribution from the feed-down of heavier particles to the π⁰ spectrum.« less

The ALICE Collaboration reports measurements of the large relative transverse momentum (𝑘_𝑇) component of jet substructure in 𝑝⁢𝑝 and Pb-Pb collisions at center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair $$\sqrt{s_{NN}}$$ = 5.02  TeV. Enhancement in the yield of such large-𝑘_T emissions in head-on Pb-Pb collisions is predicted to arise from partonic scattering with quasiparticles of the quark-gluon plasma. The analysis utilizes charged-particle jets reconstructed by the anti-𝑘_T algorithm with resolution parameter 𝑅 = 0.2 in the transverse-momentum interval 60 < 𝑝_T,ch,jet < 80  GeV/𝑐. The soft drop and dynamical grooming algorithms are used to identify high transverse momentum splittings in the jet shower. Comparisonmore » of measurements in Pb-Pb and 𝑝⁢𝑝 collisions shows medium-induced narrowing, corresponding to yield suppression of high-𝑘_𝑇 splittings, in contrast to the expectation of yield enhancement due to quasiparticle scattering. The measurements are compared to theoretical model calculations incorporating jet modification due to jet-medium interactions (“jet quenching”), both with and without quasiparticle scattering effects. These measurements provide new insight into the underlying mechanisms and theoretical modeling of jet quenching.« less

Event-by-event fluctuations of the event-wise mean transverse momentum, $$\langle$$p_T$$\rangle$$, of charged particles produced in proton–proton (pp) collisions at $$\sqrt{s}$$ = 5.02 TeV, Xe–Xe collisions at $$\sqrt{s_{NN}}$$ = 5.44 TeV, and Pb–Pb collisions at $$\sqrt{s_{NN}}$$ = 5.02 TeV are studied using the ALICE detector based on the integral correlator $$\langle$$$$\langle$$Δp_TΔp_T$$\rangle$$$$\rangle$$. The correlator strength is found to decrease monotonically with increasing produced charged-particle multiplicity measured at midrapidity in all three systems. In Xe–Xe and Pb–Pb collisions, the multiplicity dependence of the correlator deviates significantly from a simple power-law scaling as well as from the predictions of the HIJING and AMPT models. Themore » observed deviation from power-law scaling is expected from transverse radial flow in semicentral to central Xe–Xe and Pb–Pb collisions. In pp collisions, the correlation strength is also studied by classifying the events based on the transverse spherocity, S₀, of the particle production at midrapidity, used as a proxy for the presence of a pronounced back-to-back jet topology. Low-spherocity (jetty) events feature a larger correlation strength than those with high spherocity (isotropic). The strength and multiplicity dependence of jetty and isotropic events are well reproduced by calculations with the PYTHIA 8 and EPOS LHC models.« less

We report on the measurement of inclusive, non-prompt, and prompt J/ψ-hadron correlations by the ALICE Collaboration at the CERN Large Hadron Collider in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The correlations are studied at midrapidity (|y| < 0.9) in the transverse momentum ranges p_T < 40 GeV/c for the J/ψ and 0.15 < p_T < 10 GeV/c and |η| < 0.9 for the associated hadrons. The measurement is based on minimum bias and high multiplicity data samples corresponding to integrated luminosities of L_int = 34 nb⁻¹ and L_int = 6.9 pb⁻¹, respectively. In addition, two more datamore » samples are employed, requiring, on top of the minimum bias condition, a threshold on the tower energy of E = 4 and 9 GeV in the ALICE electromagnetic calorimeters, which correspond to integrated luminosities of L_int = 0.9 pb⁻¹ and L_int = 8.4 pb⁻¹, respectively. The azimuthally integrated near and away side yields of associated charged hadrons per J/ψ trigger are presented as a function of the J/ψ and associated hadron transverse momentum. The measurements are discussed in comparison to PYTHIA calculations.« less