Light neutral-meson production in pp collisions at $\sqrt{\text{s}}$ = 13 TeV

Acharya, S.; Agarwal, A.; Aglieri Rinella, G.; Aglietta, L.; Agnello, M.; Agrawal, N.; Ahammed, Z.; Ahmad, S.; Ahn, S. U.; Ahuja, I.; Akindinov, A.; Akishina, V.; Al-Turany, M.; Aleksandrov, D.; Alessandro, B.; Alfanda, H. M.; Alfaro Molina, R.; Ali, B.; Alici, A.; Alizadehvandchali, N.; Alkin, A.; Alme, J.; Alocco, G.; Alt, T.; Altamura, A. R.; Altsybeev, I.; Alvarado, J. R.; Anaam, M. N.; Andrei, C.; Andreou, N.; Andronic, A.; Andronov, E.; Anguelov, V.; Antinori, F.; Antonioli, P.; Apadula, N.; Aphecetche, L.; Appelshäuser, H.; Arata, C.; Arcelli, S.; Arnaldi, R.; Arneiro, J. G. M. C. A.; Arsene, I. C.; Arslandok, M.; Augustinus, A.; Averbeck, R.; Averyanov, D.; Azmi, M. D.; Baba, H.; Badalà, A.; Bae, J.; Bae, Y.; Baek, Y. W.; Bai, X.; Bailhache, R.; Bailung, Y.; Bala, R.; Baldisseri, A.; Balis, B.; Banoo, Z.; Barbasova, V.; Barile, F.; Barioglio, L.; Barlou, M.; Barman, B.; Barnaföldi, G. G.; Barnby, L. S.; Barreau, E.; Barret, V.; Barreto, L.; Bartels, C.; Barth, K.; Bartsch, E.; Bastid, N.; Basu, S.; Batigne, G.; Battistini, D.; Batyunya, B.; Bauri, D.; Bazo Alba, J. L.; Bearden, I. G.; Beattie, C.; Becht, P.; Behera, D.; Belikov, I.; Bell Hechavarria, A. D. C.; Bellini, F.; Bellwied, R.; Belokurova, S.; Beltran, L. G. E.; Beltran, Y. A. V.; Bencedi, G.; Bensaoula, A.; Beole, S.; Berdnikov, Y.; Berdnikova, A.; Bergmann, L.; Besoiu, M. G.; Betev, L.; Bhaduri, P. P.; Bhasin, A.; Bhattacharjee, B.; Bianchi, L.; Bielčík, J.; Bielčíková, J.; Bigot, A. P.; Bilandzic, A.; Binoy, A.; Biro, G.; Biswas, S.; Bize, N.; Blair, J. T.; Blau, D.; Blidaru, M. B.; Bluhme, N.; Blume, C.; Bock, F.; Bodova, T.; Bok, J.; Boldizsár, L.; Bombara, M.; Bond, P. M.; Bonomi, G.; Borel, H.; Borissov, A.; Borquez Carcamo, A. G.; Botta, E.; Bouziani, Y. E. M.; Brandibur, D. C.; Bratrud, L.; Braun-Munzinger, P.; Bregant, M.; Broz, M.; Bruno, G. E.; Buchakchiev, V. D.; Buckland, M. D.; Budnikov, D.; Buesching, H.; Bufalino, S.; Buhler, P.; Burmasov, N.; Buthelezi, Z.; Bylinkin, A.; Bysiak, S. A.; Cabanillas Noris, J. C.; Cabrera, M. F. T.; Caines, H.; Caliva, A.; Calvo Villar, E.; Camacho, J. M. M.; Camerini, P.; Canedo, F. D. M.; Cantway, S. L.; Carabas, M.; Carballo, A. A.; Carnesecchi, F.; Carvalho, L. A. D.; Castillo Castellanos, J.; Castoldi, M.; Catalano, F.; Cattaruzzi, S.; Cerri, R.; Chakaberia, I.; Chakraborty, P.; Chandra, S.; Chapeland, S.; Chartier, M.; Chattopadhay, S.; Chen, M.; Cheng, T.; Cheshkov, C.; Chiappara, D.; Chibante Barroso, V.; Chinellato, D. D.; Chinu, F.; Chizzali, E. S.; Cho, J.; Cho, S.; Chochula, P.; Chochulska, Z. A.; Choudhury, D.; Choudhury, S.; Christakoglou, P.; Christensen, C. H.; Christiansen, P.; Chujo, T.; Ciacco, M.; Cicalo, C.; Cimador, G.; Cindolo, F.; Ciupek, M. R.; Clai, G.; Colamaria, F.; Colburn, J. S.; Colella, D.; Colelli, A.; Colocci, M.; Concas, M.; Conesa Balbastre, G.; Conesa del Valle, Z.; Contin, G.; Contreras, J. G.; Coquet, M. L.; Cortese, P.; Cosentino, M. R.; Costa, F.; Costanza, S.; Crochet, P.; Cuautle, E.; Czarnynoga, M. M.; Dainese, A.; Dange, G.; Danisch, M. C.; Danu, A.; Das, P.; Das, S.; Dash, A. R.; Dash, S.; De Caro, A.; de Cataldo, G.; de Cuveland, J.; De Falco, A.; De Gruttola, D.; De Marco, N.; De Martin, C.; De Pasquale, S.; Deb, R.; Del Grande, R.; Dello Stritto, L.; Deng, W.; Devereaux, K. C.; de Souza, G. G. A.; Dhankher, P.; Di Bari, D.; Di Mauro, A.; Di Ruzza, B.; Diab, B.; Diaz, R. A.; Ding, Y.; Ditzel, J.; Divià, R.; Djuvsland, Ø.; Dmitrieva, U.; Dobrin, A.; Dönigus, B.; Dubinski, J. M.; Dubla, A.; Dupieux, P.; Dzalaiova, N.; Eder, T. M.; Ehlers, R. J.; Eisenhut, F.; Ejima, R.; Elia, D.; Erazmus, B.; Ercolessi, F.; Espagnon, B.; Eulisse, G.; Evans, D.; Evdokimov, S.; Fabbietti, L.; Faggin, M.; Faivre, J.; Fan, F.; Fan, W.; Fantoni, A.; Fasel, M.; Feofilov, G.; Fernández Téllez, A.; Ferrandi, L.; Ferrer, M. B.; Ferrero, A.; Ferrero, C.; Ferretti, A.; Feuillard, V. J. G.; Filova, V.; Finogeev, D.; Fionda, F. M.; Flatland, E.; Flor, F.; Flores, A. N.; Foertsch, S.; Fokin, I.; Fokin, S.; Follo, U.; Fragiacomo, E.; Frajna, E.; Fuchs, U.; Funicello, N.; Furget, C.; Furs, A.; Fusayasu, T.; Gaardhøje, J. J.; Gagliardi, M.; Gago, A. M.; Gahlaut, T.; Galvan, C. D.; Gami, S.; Gangadharan, D. R.; Ganoti, P.; Garabatos, C.; Garcia, J. M.; García Chávez, T.; Garcia-Solis, E.; Garetti, S.; Gargiulo, C.; Gasik, P.; Gaur, H. M.; Gautam, A.; Gay Ducati, M. B.; Germain, M.; Gernhaeuser, R. A.; Ghosh, C.; Giacalone, M.; Gioachin, G.; Giri, S. K.; Giubellino, P.; Giubilato, P.; Glaenzer, A. M. C.; Glässel, P.; Glimos, E.; Goh, D. J. Q.; Gonzalez, V.; Gordeev, P.; Gorgon, M.; Goswami, K.; Gotovac, S.; Grabski, V.; Graczykowski, L. K.; Grecka, E.; Grelli, A.; Grigoras, C.; Grigoriev, V.; Grigoryan, S.; Grosa, F.; Grosse-Oetringhaus, J. F.; Grosso, R.; Grund, D.; Grunwald, N. A.; Guardiano, G. G.; Guernane, R.; Guilbaud, M.; Gulbrandsen, K.; Gumprecht, J. J. W. K.; Gündem, T.; Gunji, T.; Guo, W.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, R.; Gupta, R.; Gwizdziel, K.; Gyulai, L.; Hadjidakis, C.; Haider, F. U.; Haidlova, S.; Haldar, M.; Hamagaki, H.; Han, Y.; Hanley, B. G.; Hannigan, R.; Hansen, J.; Haque, M. R.; Harris, J. W.; Harton, A.; Hartung, M. V.; Hassan, H.; Hatzifotiadou, D.; Hauer, P.; Havener, L. B.; Hellbär, E.; Helstrup, H.; Hemmer, M.; Herman, T.; Hernandez, S. G.; Herrera Corral, G.; Herrmann, S.; Hetland, K. F.; Heybeck, B.; Hillemanns, H.; Hippolyte, B.; Hobus, I. P. M.; Hoffmann, F. W.; Hofman, B.; Horst, M.; Horzyk, A.; Hou, Y.; Hristov, P.; Huhn, P.; Huhta, L. M.; Humanic, T. J.; Hutson, A.; Hutter, D.; Hwang, M. C.; Ilkaev, R.; Inaba, M.; Innocenti, G. M.; Ippolitov, M.; Isakov, A.; Isidori, T.; Islam, M. S.; Iurchenko, S.; Ivanov, M.; Ivanov, M.; Ivanov, V.; Iversen, K. E.; Jablonski, M.; Jacak, B.; Jacazio, N.; Jacobs, P. M.; Jadlovska, S.; Jadlovsky, J.; Jaelani, S.; Jahnke, C.; Jakubowska, M. J.; Janik, M. A.; Janson, T.; Ji, S.; Jia, S.; Jiang, T.; Jimenez, A. A. P.; Jonas, F.; Jones, D. M.; Jowett, J. M.; Jung, J.; Jung, M.; Junique, A.; Jusko, A.; Kaewjai, J.; Kalinak, P.; Kalweit, A.; Karasu Uysal, A.; Karatovic, D.; Karatzenis, N.; Karavichev, O.; Karavicheva, T.; Karpechev, E.; Karwowska, M. J.; Kebschull, U.; Keil, M.; Ketzer, B.; Keul, J.; Khade, S. S.; Khan, A. M.; Khan, S.; Khanzadeev, A.; Kharlov, Y.; Khatun, A.; Khuntia, A.; Khuranova, Z.; Kileng, B.; Kim, B.; Kim, C.; Kim, D. J.; Kim, D.; Kim, E. J.; Kim, J.; Kim, J.; Kim, J.; Kim, M.; Kim, S.; Kim, T.; Kimura, K.; Kirsch, S.; Kisel, I.; Kiselev, S.; Kisiel, A.; Klay, J. 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doi:10.1007/JHEP08(2025)035

Title: Light neutral-meson production in pp collisions at $$\sqrt{\text{s}}$$ = 13 TeV

Journal Article · Tue Aug 05 00:00:00 UTC 2025 · Journal of High Energy Physics (Online)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP08(2025)035 · OSTI ID:3011805

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Univ. Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand (France); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (France). Inst. National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3); The ALICE collaboration; et al.
Homi Bhabha National Institute
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)
Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN
Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN
Aligarh Muslim University
Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information
P.J. Šafárik University
Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH
INFN, Sezione di Torino
Central China Normal University
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
University of Houston
Sungkyunkwan University
University of Bergen
INFN, Sezione di Bari
Technische Universität München
Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering
University of Derby
Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik
Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
INFN, Sezione di Padova
INFN, Sezione di Bologna
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3
Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de CosmologieUniversité Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-IN2P3
Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
University of Oslo
Yale University
University of Tokyo
INFN, Sezione di Catania
Gangneung-Wonju National University
University of Science and Technology of China
Indian Institute of Technology Indore
University of Jammu
Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d’Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN)
AGH University of Krakow
Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica ‘M. Merlin’ and Sezione INFN
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Science, Department of Physics
Gauhati University, Department of Physics
HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics
Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC
University of Liverpool
Lund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT)
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
University of Copenhagen
Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178
Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa
Institute of Space Science (ISS)
Czech Technical University in Prague
Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences
University of Kansas
Bose Institute, Department of Physics and Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS)
The University of Texas at Austin
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Pusan National University
INFN, Sezione di Pavia; Università di Brescia
Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica ‘M. Merlin’ and Sezione INFN; Politecnico di Bari and Sezione INFN
Sofia University
Nuclear Physics Group, STFC Daresbury Laboratory
Stefan Meyer Institut für Subatomare Physik (SMI)
iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation; University of the Witwatersrand
Polish Academy of Sciences
Dipartimento di Fisica ‘E.R. Caianiello’ dell’Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN
Universitatea Nationala de Stiinta si Tehnologie Politehnica Bucuresti
Warsaw University of Technology
Fudan University
Université de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon
Technische Universität München; Max-Planck-Institut fur Physik
Inha University
Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics
University of Tsukuba
INFN, Sezione di Cagliari
INFN, Sezione di Bologna; Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA)
University of Birmingham
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab
INFN, Sezione di Torino; Università del Piemonte Orientale
Universidade Federal do ABC
Università di Pavia; INFN, Sezione di Pavia
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN); Homi Bhabha National Institute
Università di Brescia
University of California
Università degli Studi di Foggia
Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN)
Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics
Hiroshima University
INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati
INFN, Sezione di Torino; Dipartimento DET del Politecnico di Torino
iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation
INFN, Sezione di Trieste
Saga University
Chicago State University
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)
INFN, Sezione di Torino; GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH
University of Tennessee
Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science
Wayne State University
University of Split
Utrecht University/Nikhef
A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation
Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)
Yonsei University
University of Jyväskylä
Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
Faculty of Technology, Environmental and Social Sciences
Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV)
Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität Frankfurt Institut für InformatikFachbereich Informatik und Mathematik
Ohio State University
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT); Homi Bhabha National Institute
University of California; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Technical University of Košice
National Research and Innovation Agency - BRIN
China Institute of Atomic Energy
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN); GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH
Suranaree University of Technology
Slovak Academy of Sciences
Yildiz Technical University
University of Zagreb
Jeonbuk National University
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN); Jeonbuk National University
Sejong University
California Polytechnic State University
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN); Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt
Slovak Academy of Sciences; University of Birmingham
Panjab University
National Centre for Nuclear Research
University of South-Eastern Norway
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH; University of Science and Technology of China
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN; INFN, Sezione di Bologna
Indian Institute of Technology Indore; University of Jyväskylä
Università di Messina; INFN, Sezione di Catania
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN); Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
INFN, Sezione di Bari; Università degli Studi di Foggia
Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN; Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC
Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN; European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)
Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP)
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN); Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh Muslim University
University of Cape Town
University of the Witwatersrand
Chungbuk National University
China University of Geosciences
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN); INFN, Sezione di Bologna
Creighton University
Oak Ridge National Laboratory; University of Tennessee
National Centre for Nuclear Research; University of Wroclaw
National Nuclear Research Center
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN); Technische Universität München
Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
University of Houston; Wayne State University
Nara Women’s University (NWU)
INFN, Sezione di Padova; GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN); Universitatea Nationala de Stiinta si Tehnologie Politehnica Bucuresti
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN); Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik
Politecnico di Bari and Sezione INFN
Università di Messina; European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN); INFN, Sezione di Catania
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT); Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
INFN, Sezione di Pavia
HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics; Yale University
Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences
Central China Normal University; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
Central China Normal University; Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC
Central China Normal University; INFN, Sezione di Padova

The momentum-differential invariant cross sections of π⁰ and η mesons are reported for pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s}$$ = 13 TeV at midrapidity (|y| < 0.8). The measurement is performed in a broad transverse-momentum range of 0.2 < p_T < 200 GeV/c and 0.4 < p_T < 60 GeV/c for the π⁰ and η, respectively, extending the p_T coverage of previous measurements. Transverse-mass-scaling violation of up to 60% at low transverse momentum has been observed, agreeing with measurements at lower collision energies. Transverse Bjorken x (x_T) scaling of the π⁰ cross sections at LHC energies is fulfilled with a power-law exponent of n = 5.01 ± 0.05, consistent with values obtained for charged pions at similar collision energies. The data are compared to predictions from next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations, where the π⁰ spectrum is best described using the CT18 parton distribution function and the NNFF1.0 or BDSS fragmentation function. Expectations from PYTHIA8 and EPOS LHC overestimate the spectrum for the π⁰ and are not able to describe the shape and magnitude of the η spectrum. The charged-particle multiplicity dependent π⁰ and η p_T spectra show the expected change of the spectral shape, characterized by a flatter slope with increasing multiplicity. This is demonstrated across a broad transverse-momentum range and up to events with a charged-particle multiplicity exceeding five times the mean value in minimum bias collisions. The η/π⁰ ratio depends on the charged-particle multiplicity for p_T < 4 GeV/c. PYTHIA8 and EPOS LHC qualitatively explain this behavior with an increasing contribution from the feed-down of heavier particles to the π⁰ spectrum.

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Research Organization:: European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Academy of Finland; Czech Science Foundation; European Research Council; German Research Foundation; US Department of Energy; USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP) (SC-25); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP) (SC-26)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; AC05-00OR22725; SC0004168

OSTI ID:: 3011805

Journal Information:: Journal of High Energy Physics (Online), Journal Name: Journal of High Energy Physics (Online) Journal Issue: 8 Vol. 2025; ISSN 1029-8479

Publisher:: Springer NatureCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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