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Title: Achievement of the Planetary Defense Investigations of the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) Mission

Abstract

NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission was the first to demonstrate asteroid deflection, and the mission's Level 1 requirements guided its planetary defense investigations. Here, we summarize DART's achievement of those requirements. On 2022 September 26, the DART spacecraft impacted Dimorphos, the secondary member of the Didymos near-Earth asteroid binary system, demonstrating an autonomously navigated kinetic impact into an asteroid with limited prior knowledge for planetary defense. Months of subsequent Earth-based observations showed that the binary orbital period was changed by –33.24 minutes, with two independent analysis methods each reporting a 1σ uncertainty of 1.4 s. Dynamical models determined that the momentum enhancement factor, β, resulting from DART's kinetic impact test is between 2.4 and 4.9, depending on the mass of Dimorphos, which remains the largest source of uncertainty. Over five dozen telescopes across the globe and in space, along with the Light Italian CubeSat for Imaging of Asteroids, have contributed to DART's investigations. These combined investigations have addressed topics related to the ejecta, dynamics, impact event, and properties of both asteroids in the binary system. A year following DART's successful impact into Dimorphos, the mission has achieved its planetary defense requirements, although work to further understand DART's kineticmore » impact test and the Didymos system will continue. In particular, ESA's Hera mission is planned to perform extensive measurements in 2027 during its rendezvous with the Didymos–Dimorphos system, building on DART to advance our knowledge and continue the ongoing international collaboration for planetary defense.« less

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Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
Contributing Org.:
DART Team; LICIACube Team
OSTI Identifier:
2318789
Report Number(s):
LLNL-JRNL-854115
Journal ID: ISSN 2632-3338; 1082299
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC52-07NA27344
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
The Planetary Science Journal
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 5; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 2632-3338
Publisher:
IOP Publishing
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; asteroids; small solar system bodies; near-Earth objects; asteroid satellites; planetary science; solar system astronomy; asteroid dynamics; asteroid surfaces; impact phenomena

Citation Formats

Chabot, Nancy L., Rivkin, Andrew S., Cheng, Andrew F., Barnouin, Olivier S., Fahnestock, Eugene G., Richardson, Derek C., Stickle, Angela M., Thomas, Cristina A., Ernst, Carolyn M., Terik Daly, R., Dotto, Elisabetta, Zinzi, Angelo, Chesley, Steven R., Moskovitz, Nicholas A., Barbee, Brent W., Abell, Paul, Agrusa, Harrison F., Bannister, Michele T., Beccarelli, Joel, Bekker, Dmitriy L., Bruck Syal, Megan, Buratti, Bonnie J., Busch, Michael W., Campo Bagatin, Adriano, Chatelain, Joseph P., Chocron, Sidney, Collins, Gareth S., Conversi, Luca, Davison, Thomas M., DeCoster, Mallory E., Prasanna Deshapriya, J. D., Eggl, Siegfried, Espiritu, Raymond C., Farnham, Tony L., Ferrais, Marin, Ferrari, Fabio, Föhring, Dora, Fuentes-Muñoz, Oscar, Gai, Igor, Giordano, Carmine, Glenar, David A., Gomez, Edward, Graninger, Dawn M., Green, Simon F., Greenstreet, Sarah, Hasselmann, Pedro H., Herreros, Isabel, Hirabayashi, Masatoshi, Husárik, Marek, Ieva, Simone, Ivanovski, Stavro L., Jackson, Samuel L., Jehin, Emmanuel, Jutzi, Martin, Karatekin, Ozgur, Knight, Matthew M., Kolokolova, Ludmilla, Kumamoto, Kathryn M., Küppers, Michael, La Forgia, Fiorangela, Lazzarin, Monica, Li, Jian-Yang, Lister, Tim A., Lolachi, Ramin, Lucas, Michael P., Lucchetti, Alice, Luther, Robert, Makadia, Rahil, Mazzotta Epifani, Elena, McMahon, Jay, Merisio, Gianmario, Merrill, Colby C., Meyer, Alex J., Michel, Patrick, Micheli, Marco, Migliorini, Alessandra, Minker, Kate, Modenini, Dario, Moreno, Fernando, Murdoch, Naomi, Murphy, Brian, Naidu, Shantanu P., Nair, Hari, Nakano, Ryota, Opitom, Cyrielle, Ormö, Jens, Michael Owen, J., Pajola, Maurizio, Palmer, Eric E., Palumbo, Pasquale, Panicucci, Paolo, Parro, Laura M., Pearl, Jason M., Penttilä, Antti, Perna, Davide, Petrescu, Elisabeta, Pravec, Petr, Raducan, Sabina D., Ramesh, K. T., Ridden-Harper, Ryan, Rizos, Juan L., Rossi, Alessandro, Roth, Nathan X., Rożek, Agata, Rozitis, Benjamin, Ryan, Eileen V., Ryan, William H., Sánchez, Paul, Santana-Ros, Toni, Scheeres, Daniel J., Scheirich, Peter, Berk Senel, Cem, Snodgrass, Colin, Soldini, Stefania, Souami, Damya, Statler, Thomas S., Street, Rachel, Stubbs, Timothy J., Sunshine, Jessica M., Tan, Nicole J., Tancredi, Gonzalo, Tinsman, Calley L., Tortora, Paolo, Tusberti, Filippo, Walker, James D., Waller, C. Dany, Wünnemann, Kai, Zannoni, Marco, and Zhang, Yun. Achievement of the Planetary Defense Investigations of the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) Mission. United States: N. p., 2024. Web. doi:10.3847/psj/ad16e6.
Chabot, Nancy L., Rivkin, Andrew S., Cheng, Andrew F., Barnouin, Olivier S., Fahnestock, Eugene G., Richardson, Derek C., Stickle, Angela M., Thomas, Cristina A., Ernst, Carolyn M., Terik Daly, R., Dotto, Elisabetta, Zinzi, Angelo, Chesley, Steven R., Moskovitz, Nicholas A., Barbee, Brent W., Abell, Paul, Agrusa, Harrison F., Bannister, Michele T., Beccarelli, Joel, Bekker, Dmitriy L., Bruck Syal, Megan, Buratti, Bonnie J., Busch, Michael W., Campo Bagatin, Adriano, Chatelain, Joseph P., Chocron, Sidney, Collins, Gareth S., Conversi, Luca, Davison, Thomas M., DeCoster, Mallory E., Prasanna Deshapriya, J. D., Eggl, Siegfried, Espiritu, Raymond C., Farnham, Tony L., Ferrais, Marin, Ferrari, Fabio, Föhring, Dora, Fuentes-Muñoz, Oscar, Gai, Igor, Giordano, Carmine, Glenar, David A., Gomez, Edward, Graninger, Dawn M., Green, Simon F., Greenstreet, Sarah, Hasselmann, Pedro H., Herreros, Isabel, Hirabayashi, Masatoshi, Husárik, Marek, Ieva, Simone, Ivanovski, Stavro L., Jackson, Samuel L., Jehin, Emmanuel, Jutzi, Martin, Karatekin, Ozgur, Knight, Matthew M., Kolokolova, Ludmilla, Kumamoto, Kathryn M., Küppers, Michael, La Forgia, Fiorangela, Lazzarin, Monica, Li, Jian-Yang, Lister, Tim A., Lolachi, Ramin, Lucas, Michael P., Lucchetti, Alice, Luther, Robert, Makadia, Rahil, Mazzotta Epifani, Elena, McMahon, Jay, Merisio, Gianmario, Merrill, Colby C., Meyer, Alex J., Michel, Patrick, Micheli, Marco, Migliorini, Alessandra, Minker, Kate, Modenini, Dario, Moreno, Fernando, Murdoch, Naomi, Murphy, Brian, Naidu, Shantanu P., Nair, Hari, Nakano, Ryota, Opitom, Cyrielle, Ormö, Jens, Michael Owen, J., Pajola, Maurizio, Palmer, Eric E., Palumbo, Pasquale, Panicucci, Paolo, Parro, Laura M., Pearl, Jason M., Penttilä, Antti, Perna, Davide, Petrescu, Elisabeta, Pravec, Petr, Raducan, Sabina D., Ramesh, K. T., Ridden-Harper, Ryan, Rizos, Juan L., Rossi, Alessandro, Roth, Nathan X., Rożek, Agata, Rozitis, Benjamin, Ryan, Eileen V., Ryan, William H., Sánchez, Paul, Santana-Ros, Toni, Scheeres, Daniel J., Scheirich, Peter, Berk Senel, Cem, Snodgrass, Colin, Soldini, Stefania, Souami, Damya, Statler, Thomas S., Street, Rachel, Stubbs, Timothy J., Sunshine, Jessica M., Tan, Nicole J., Tancredi, Gonzalo, Tinsman, Calley L., Tortora, Paolo, Tusberti, Filippo, Walker, James D., Waller, C. Dany, Wünnemann, Kai, Zannoni, Marco, & Zhang, Yun. Achievement of the Planetary Defense Investigations of the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) Mission. United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/psj/ad16e6
Chabot, Nancy L., Rivkin, Andrew S., Cheng, Andrew F., Barnouin, Olivier S., Fahnestock, Eugene G., Richardson, Derek C., Stickle, Angela M., Thomas, Cristina A., Ernst, Carolyn M., Terik Daly, R., Dotto, Elisabetta, Zinzi, Angelo, Chesley, Steven R., Moskovitz, Nicholas A., Barbee, Brent W., Abell, Paul, Agrusa, Harrison F., Bannister, Michele T., Beccarelli, Joel, Bekker, Dmitriy L., Bruck Syal, Megan, Buratti, Bonnie J., Busch, Michael W., Campo Bagatin, Adriano, Chatelain, Joseph P., Chocron, Sidney, Collins, Gareth S., Conversi, Luca, Davison, Thomas M., DeCoster, Mallory E., Prasanna Deshapriya, J. D., Eggl, Siegfried, Espiritu, Raymond C., Farnham, Tony L., Ferrais, Marin, Ferrari, Fabio, Föhring, Dora, Fuentes-Muñoz, Oscar, Gai, Igor, Giordano, Carmine, Glenar, David A., Gomez, Edward, Graninger, Dawn M., Green, Simon F., Greenstreet, Sarah, Hasselmann, Pedro H., Herreros, Isabel, Hirabayashi, Masatoshi, Husárik, Marek, Ieva, Simone, Ivanovski, Stavro L., Jackson, Samuel L., Jehin, Emmanuel, Jutzi, Martin, Karatekin, Ozgur, Knight, Matthew M., Kolokolova, Ludmilla, Kumamoto, Kathryn M., Küppers, Michael, La Forgia, Fiorangela, Lazzarin, Monica, Li, Jian-Yang, Lister, Tim A., Lolachi, Ramin, Lucas, Michael P., Lucchetti, Alice, Luther, Robert, Makadia, Rahil, Mazzotta Epifani, Elena, McMahon, Jay, Merisio, Gianmario, Merrill, Colby C., Meyer, Alex J., Michel, Patrick, Micheli, Marco, Migliorini, Alessandra, Minker, Kate, Modenini, Dario, Moreno, Fernando, Murdoch, Naomi, Murphy, Brian, Naidu, Shantanu P., Nair, Hari, Nakano, Ryota, Opitom, Cyrielle, Ormö, Jens, Michael Owen, J., Pajola, Maurizio, Palmer, Eric E., Palumbo, Pasquale, Panicucci, Paolo, Parro, Laura M., Pearl, Jason M., Penttilä, Antti, Perna, Davide, Petrescu, Elisabeta, Pravec, Petr, Raducan, Sabina D., Ramesh, K. T., Ridden-Harper, Ryan, Rizos, Juan L., Rossi, Alessandro, Roth, Nathan X., Rożek, Agata, Rozitis, Benjamin, Ryan, Eileen V., Ryan, William H., Sánchez, Paul, Santana-Ros, Toni, Scheeres, Daniel J., Scheirich, Peter, Berk Senel, Cem, Snodgrass, Colin, Soldini, Stefania, Souami, Damya, Statler, Thomas S., Street, Rachel, Stubbs, Timothy J., Sunshine, Jessica M., Tan, Nicole J., Tancredi, Gonzalo, Tinsman, Calley L., Tortora, Paolo, Tusberti, Filippo, Walker, James D., Waller, C. Dany, Wünnemann, Kai, Zannoni, Marco, and Zhang, Yun. Mon . "Achievement of the Planetary Defense Investigations of the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) Mission". United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/psj/ad16e6. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2318789.
@article{osti_2318789,
title = {Achievement of the Planetary Defense Investigations of the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) Mission},
author = {Chabot, Nancy L. and Rivkin, Andrew S. and Cheng, Andrew F. and Barnouin, Olivier S. and Fahnestock, Eugene G. and Richardson, Derek C. and Stickle, Angela M. and Thomas, Cristina A. and Ernst, Carolyn M. and Terik Daly, R. and Dotto, Elisabetta and Zinzi, Angelo and Chesley, Steven R. and Moskovitz, Nicholas A. and Barbee, Brent W. and Abell, Paul and Agrusa, Harrison F. and Bannister, Michele T. and Beccarelli, Joel and Bekker, Dmitriy L. and Bruck Syal, Megan and Buratti, Bonnie J. and Busch, Michael W. and Campo Bagatin, Adriano and Chatelain, Joseph P. and Chocron, Sidney and Collins, Gareth S. and Conversi, Luca and Davison, Thomas M. and DeCoster, Mallory E. and Prasanna Deshapriya, J. D. and Eggl, Siegfried and Espiritu, Raymond C. and Farnham, Tony L. and Ferrais, Marin and Ferrari, Fabio and Föhring, Dora and Fuentes-Muñoz, Oscar and Gai, Igor and Giordano, Carmine and Glenar, David A. and Gomez, Edward and Graninger, Dawn M. and Green, Simon F. and Greenstreet, Sarah and Hasselmann, Pedro H. and Herreros, Isabel and Hirabayashi, Masatoshi and Husárik, Marek and Ieva, Simone and Ivanovski, Stavro L. and Jackson, Samuel L. and Jehin, Emmanuel and Jutzi, Martin and Karatekin, Ozgur and Knight, Matthew M. and Kolokolova, Ludmilla and Kumamoto, Kathryn M. and Küppers, Michael and La Forgia, Fiorangela and Lazzarin, Monica and Li, Jian-Yang and Lister, Tim A. and Lolachi, Ramin and Lucas, Michael P. and Lucchetti, Alice and Luther, Robert and Makadia, Rahil and Mazzotta Epifani, Elena and McMahon, Jay and Merisio, Gianmario and Merrill, Colby C. and Meyer, Alex J. and Michel, Patrick and Micheli, Marco and Migliorini, Alessandra and Minker, Kate and Modenini, Dario and Moreno, Fernando and Murdoch, Naomi and Murphy, Brian and Naidu, Shantanu P. and Nair, Hari and Nakano, Ryota and Opitom, Cyrielle and Ormö, Jens and Michael Owen, J. and Pajola, Maurizio and Palmer, Eric E. and Palumbo, Pasquale and Panicucci, Paolo and Parro, Laura M. and Pearl, Jason M. and Penttilä, Antti and Perna, Davide and Petrescu, Elisabeta and Pravec, Petr and Raducan, Sabina D. and Ramesh, K. T. and Ridden-Harper, Ryan and Rizos, Juan L. and Rossi, Alessandro and Roth, Nathan X. and Rożek, Agata and Rozitis, Benjamin and Ryan, Eileen V. and Ryan, William H. and Sánchez, Paul and Santana-Ros, Toni and Scheeres, Daniel J. and Scheirich, Peter and Berk Senel, Cem and Snodgrass, Colin and Soldini, Stefania and Souami, Damya and Statler, Thomas S. and Street, Rachel and Stubbs, Timothy J. and Sunshine, Jessica M. and Tan, Nicole J. and Tancredi, Gonzalo and Tinsman, Calley L. and Tortora, Paolo and Tusberti, Filippo and Walker, James D. and Waller, C. Dany and Wünnemann, Kai and Zannoni, Marco and Zhang, Yun},
abstractNote = {NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission was the first to demonstrate asteroid deflection, and the mission's Level 1 requirements guided its planetary defense investigations. Here, we summarize DART's achievement of those requirements. On 2022 September 26, the DART spacecraft impacted Dimorphos, the secondary member of the Didymos near-Earth asteroid binary system, demonstrating an autonomously navigated kinetic impact into an asteroid with limited prior knowledge for planetary defense. Months of subsequent Earth-based observations showed that the binary orbital period was changed by –33.24 minutes, with two independent analysis methods each reporting a 1σ uncertainty of 1.4 s. Dynamical models determined that the momentum enhancement factor, β, resulting from DART's kinetic impact test is between 2.4 and 4.9, depending on the mass of Dimorphos, which remains the largest source of uncertainty. Over five dozen telescopes across the globe and in space, along with the Light Italian CubeSat for Imaging of Asteroids, have contributed to DART's investigations. These combined investigations have addressed topics related to the ejecta, dynamics, impact event, and properties of both asteroids in the binary system. A year following DART's successful impact into Dimorphos, the mission has achieved its planetary defense requirements, although work to further understand DART's kinetic impact test and the Didymos system will continue. In particular, ESA's Hera mission is planned to perform extensive measurements in 2027 during its rendezvous with the Didymos–Dimorphos system, building on DART to advance our knowledge and continue the ongoing international collaboration for planetary defense.},
doi = {10.3847/psj/ad16e6},
journal = {The Planetary Science Journal},
number = 2,
volume = 5,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Feb 26 00:00:00 EST 2024},
month = {Mon Feb 26 00:00:00 EST 2024}
}

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Physical modeling of triple near-Earth Asteroid (153591) 2001 SN263 from radar and optical light curve observations
journal, March 2015


An artificial impact on the asteroid (162173) Ryugu formed a crater in the gravity-dominated regime
journal, April 2020


Near-IR Spectral Observations of the Didymos System: Daily Evolution Before and After the DART Impact Indicates that Dimorphos Originated from Didymos
journal, December 2023

  • Polishook, David; DeMeo, Francesca E.; Burt, Brian J.
  • The Planetary Science Journal, Vol. 4, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.3847/PSJ/ad08ae

Lofting of low-speed ejecta produced in the DART experiment and production of a dust cloud
journal, November 2022

  • Tancredi, Gonzalo; Liu, Po-Yen; Campo-Bagatin, Adriano
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 522, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stac3258

Mineralogies and source regions of near-Earth asteroids
journal, January 2013


The Dimorphos Boulder Swarm
journal, July 2023

  • Jewitt, David; Kim, Yoonyoung; Li, Jing
  • The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 952, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ace1ec

Orbital period change of Dimorphos due to the DART kinetic impact
journal, March 2023


Absolute magnitudes of asteroids and a revision of asteroid albedo estimates from WISE thermal observations
journal, September 2012


The Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART): Planetary Defense Investigations and Requirements
journal, August 2021

  • Rivkin, Andrew S.; Chabot, Nancy L.; Stickle, Angela M.
  • The Planetary Science Journal, Vol. 2, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.3847/PSJ/ac063e

Asteroid pairs: A complex picture
journal, November 2019


Predicting Asteroid Material Properties from a DART-like Kinetic Impact
journal, October 2022

  • Kumamoto, Kathryn M.; Owen, J. Michael; Syal, Megan Bruck
  • The Planetary Science Journal, Vol. 3, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.3847/PSJ/ac93f2

Momentum transfer in asteroid impacts. I. Theory and scaling
journal, November 2012


Libration-induced Orbit Period Variations Following the DART Impact
journal, December 2021

  • Meyer, Alex J.; Gkolias, Ioannis; Gaitanas, Michalis
  • The Planetary Science Journal, Vol. 2, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.3847/PSJ/ac3bd1

NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART): Mutual Orbital Period Change Due to Reshaping in the Near-Earth Binary Asteroid System (65803) Didymos
journal, July 2022

  • Nakano, Ryota; Hirabayashi, Masatoshi; Agrusa, Harrison F.
  • The Planetary Science Journal, Vol. 3, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.3847/PSJ/ac7566

Spacecraft Geometry Effects on Kinetic Impactor Missions
journal, September 2022

  • Owen, J. Michael; DeCoster, Mallory E.; Graninger, Dawn M.
  • The Planetary Science Journal, Vol. 3, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.3847/PSJ/ac8932

Influence of the projectile geometry on the momentum transfer from a kinetic impactor and implications for the DART mission
journal, April 2022


Asteroid Impact and Deflection Assessment mission
journal, October 2015


Deflection by kinetic impact: Sensitivity to asteroid properties
journal, May 2016


Momentum transfer in hypervelocity cratering of meteorites and meteorite analogs: Implications for orbital evolution and kinetic impact deflection of asteroids
journal, February 2020


Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART): Structural and Dynamic Interactions between Asteroidal Elements of Binary Asteroid (65803) Didymos
journal, June 2022

  • Hirabayashi, Masatoshi; Ferrari, Fabio; Jutzi, Martin
  • The Planetary Science Journal, Vol. 3, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.3847/PSJ/ac6eff

Momentum transfer from the DART mission kinetic impact on asteroid Dimorphos
journal, March 2023


Characterization of the Ejecta from the NASA/DART Impact on Dimorphos: Observations and Monte Carlo Models
journal, August 2023

  • Moreno, Fernando; Bagatin, Adriano Campo; Tancredi, Gonzalo
  • The Planetary Science Journal, Vol. 4, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.3847/PSJ/ace827

Assessing possible mutual orbit period change by shape deformation of Didymos after a kinetic impact in the NASA-led Double Asteroid Redirection Test
journal, April 2019

  • Hirabayashi, Masatoshi; Davis, Alex B.; Fahnestock, Eugene G.
  • Advances in Space Research, Vol. 63, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2018.12.041

Boulder exhumation and segregation by impacts on rubble-pile asteroids
journal, September 2022


Measurability of the Heliocentric Momentum Enhancement from a Kinetic Impact: The Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) Mission
journal, February 2024

  • Makadia, Rahil; Chesley, Steven R.; Farnocchia, Davide
  • The Planetary Science Journal, Vol. 5, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/PSJ/ad1bce

Predictions for the Dynamical States of the Didymos System before and after the Planned DART Impact
journal, July 2022

  • Richardson, Derek C.; Agrusa, Harrison F.; Barbee, Brent
  • The Planetary Science Journal, Vol. 3, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.3847/PSJ/ac76c9

Radar observations and a physical model of binary near-Earth asteroid 65803 Didymos, target of the DART mission
journal, September 2020


Deep Impact: Excavating Comet Tempel 1
journal, October 2005


Optical Spectropolarimetry of Binary Asteroid Didymos–Dimorphos before and after the DART Impact
journal, March 2023

  • Bagnulo, Stefano; Gray, Zuri; Granvik, Mikael
  • The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 945, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/acb261

Ground-based observability of Dimorphos DART impact ejecta: photometric predictions
journal, July 2022

  • Moreno, Fernando; Campo Bagatin, Adriano; Tancredi, Gonzalo
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 515, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stac1849

Polarimetry of Didymos–Dimorphos: Unexpected Long-term Effects of the DART Impact
journal, January 2024

  • Gray, Zuri; Bagnulo, Stefano; Granvik, Mikael
  • The Planetary Science Journal, Vol. 5, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/PSJ/ad0f18

Dynamical Evolution of the Didymos−Dimorphos Binary Asteroid as Rubble Piles following the DART Impact
journal, July 2022

  • Agrusa, Harrison F.; Ferrari, Fabio; Zhang, Yun
  • The Planetary Science Journal, Vol. 3, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.3847/PSJ/ac76c1

Near Earth Object Space Mission Preparation: Don Quijote Mission Executive Summary
report, March 2003


3D Radiative-transfer Simulations of the Ejecta Plume Anticipated from DART Impact
journal, November 2022

  • Kolokolova, Ludmilla; Li 李, Jian-Yang 荐扬; van Selous, Mark
  • The Planetary Science Journal, Vol. 3, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.3847/PSJ/ac9cde

Expected Investigation of the (65803) Didymos–Dimorphos System Using the RGB Spectrophotometry Data Set from the LICIACube Unit Key Explorer (LUKE) Wide-angle Camera
journal, July 2022

  • Poggiali, Giovanni; Brucato, John R.; Hasselmann, Pedro H.
  • The Planetary Science Journal, Vol. 3, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.3847/PSJ/ac76c4

Ejecta Evolution Following a Planned Impact into an Asteroid: The First Five Weeks
journal, December 2023

  • Kareta, Theodore; Thomas, Cristina; Li, Jian-Yang
  • The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 959, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ad0fdd

Shape of (101955) Bennu indicative of a rubble pile with internal stiffness
journal, March 2019


Ejecta distribution and momentum transfer from oblique impacts on asteroid surfaces
journal, March 2022


Photometry of the Didymos System across the DART Impact Apparition
journal, February 2024

  • Moskovitz, Nicholas; Thomas, Cristina; Pravec, Petr
  • The Planetary Science Journal, Vol. 5, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/PSJ/ad0e74

Reshaping and ejection processes on rubble-pile asteroids from impacts
journal, September 2022


The Relative Effects of Surface and Subsurface Morphology on the Deflection Efficiency of Kinetic Impactors: Implications for the DART Mission
journal, January 2024

  • DeCoster, Mallory E.; Luther, Robert; Collins, Gareth S.
  • The Planetary Science Journal, Vol. 5, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/PSJ/ad11ec

Anticipated Geological Assessment of the (65803) Didymos–Dimorphos System, Target of the DART–LICIACube Mission
journal, September 2022

  • Pajola, M.; Barnouin, O. S.; Lucchetti, A.
  • The Planetary Science Journal, Vol. 3, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.3847/PSJ/ac880d

Model of Double Asteroid Redirection Test Impact Ejecta Plume Observations
journal, June 2022

  • Cheng, Andrew F.; Raducan, S. D.; Fahnestock, Eugene G.
  • The Planetary Science Journal, Vol. 3, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.3847/PSJ/ac66e9

Signs of Emissions of Alkali Metals Na i, Li i, and K i During First Minutes After DART Probe Crash on Dimorphos
journal, October 2022

  • L. I., Shestakova; A. V., Serebryanskiy; M. A., Krugov
  • Research Notes of the AAS, Vol. 6, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.3847/2515-5172/ac9d33

Morphology and spectral properties of the DART impact ejecta with VLT/MUSE
journal, March 2023


Design of the Didymos Reconnaissance and Asteroid Camera for OpNav (DRACO) on the double asteroid redirection test (DART)
conference, July 2018

  • Ryan, Kyle J.; Fletcher, Zachary J.; Hammond, Randolph
  • Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2018: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave
  • DOI: 10.1117/12.2310136

Didymos Reconnaissance and Asteroid Camera for OpNav (DRACO): design, fabrication, test, and operation
conference, August 2022

  • Fletcher, Zachary J.; Ryan, Kyle; Ernst, Carolyn
  • Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2022: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave
  • DOI: 10.1117/12.2627873

Radar Imaging and Characterization of the Binary Near-Earth Asteroid (185851) 2000 Dp107
journal, July 2015


Dynamical origin of Dimorphos from fast spinning Didymos
journal, April 2023


Lucy Observations of the DART Impact Event
journal, February 2024

  • Weaver, H. A.; Sunshine, J. M.; Ernst, C. M.
  • The Planetary Science Journal, Vol. 5, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/PSJ/ad1ee5

Dynamical Evolution of Ejecta from the DART Impact on Dimorphos
journal, May 2022

  • Rossi, Alessandro; Marzari, Francesco; Brucato, John Robert
  • The Planetary Science Journal, Vol. 3, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.3847/PSJ/ac686c

Anticipating the DART Impact: Orbit Estimation of Dimorphos Using a Simplified Model
journal, October 2022

  • Naidu, Shantanu P.; Chesley, Steven R.; Farnocchia, Davide
  • The Planetary Science Journal, Vol. 3, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.3847/PSJ/ac91c0

Optical Monitoring of the Didymos–Dimorphos Asteroid System with the Danish Telescope around the DART Mission Impact
journal, December 2023

  • Rożek, Agata; Snodgrass, Colin; Jørgensen, Uffe G.
  • The Planetary Science Journal, Vol. 4, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.3847/PSJ/ad0a64

Binary asteroid population. 3. Secondary rotations and elongations
journal, March 2016


An Updated Shape Model of Dimorphos from DART Data
journal, January 2024

  • Daly, R. Terik; Ernst, Carolyn M.; Barnouin, Olivier S.
  • The Planetary Science Journal, Vol. 5, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/PSJ/ad0b07

Hayabusa2 arrives at the carbonaceous asteroid 162173 Ryugu—A spinning top–shaped rubble pile
journal, April 2019


Spectral analysis and mineralogical characterization of 11 olivine–pyroxene rich NEAs
journal, January 2006


Radar Imaging of Binary Near-Earth Asteroid (66391) 1999 KW4
journal, November 2006

  • Ostro, Steven. J.; Margot, Jean-Luc; Benner, Lance A. M.
  • Science, Vol. 314, Issue 5803
  • DOI: 10.1126/science.1133622

Pre-encounter Predictions of DART Impact Ejecta Behavior and Observability
journal, September 2022

  • Fahnestock, Eugene G.; Cheng, Andrew F.; Ivanovski, Stavro
  • The Planetary Science Journal, Vol. 3, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.3847/PSJ/ac7fa1

A Single Ejection Model of the DART/Dimorphos Debris Trail
journal, October 2023


Physical properties of the Didymos system before and after the DART impact
journal, August 2023


Heliocentric Effects of the DART Mission on the (65803) Didymos Binary Asteroid System
journal, August 2022

  • Makadia, Rahil; Raducan, Sabina D.; Fahnestock, Eugene G.
  • The Planetary Science Journal, Vol. 3, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.3847/PSJ/ac7de7