Achievement of the Planetary Defense Investigations of the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) Mission
Abstract
NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission was the first to demonstrate asteroid deflection, and the mission's Level 1 requirements guided its planetary defense investigations. Here, we summarize DART's achievement of those requirements. On 2022 September 26, the DART spacecraft impacted Dimorphos, the secondary member of the Didymos near-Earth asteroid binary system, demonstrating an autonomously navigated kinetic impact into an asteroid with limited prior knowledge for planetary defense. Months of subsequent Earth-based observations showed that the binary orbital period was changed by –33.24 minutes, with two independent analysis methods each reporting a 1σ uncertainty of 1.4 s. Dynamical models determined that the momentum enhancement factor, β, resulting from DART's kinetic impact test is between 2.4 and 4.9, depending on the mass of Dimorphos, which remains the largest source of uncertainty. Over five dozen telescopes across the globe and in space, along with the Light Italian CubeSat for Imaging of Asteroids, have contributed to DART's investigations. These combined investigations have addressed topics related to the ejecta, dynamics, impact event, and properties of both asteroids in the binary system. A year following DART's successful impact into Dimorphos, the mission has achieved its planetary defense requirements, although work to further understand DART's kineticmore »
- Authors:
- more »
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
- Contributing Org.:
- DART Team; LICIACube Team
- OSTI Identifier:
- 2318789
- Report Number(s):
- LLNL-JRNL-854115
Journal ID: ISSN 2632-3338; 1082299
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC52-07NA27344
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- The Planetary Science Journal
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 5; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 2632-3338
- Publisher:
- IOP Publishing
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; asteroids; small solar system bodies; near-Earth objects; asteroid satellites; planetary science; solar system astronomy; asteroid dynamics; asteroid surfaces; impact phenomena
Citation Formats
Chabot, Nancy L., Rivkin, Andrew S., Cheng, Andrew F., Barnouin, Olivier S., Fahnestock, Eugene G., Richardson, Derek C., Stickle, Angela M., Thomas, Cristina A., Ernst, Carolyn M., Terik Daly, R., Dotto, Elisabetta, Zinzi, Angelo, Chesley, Steven R., Moskovitz, Nicholas A., Barbee, Brent W., Abell, Paul, Agrusa, Harrison F., Bannister, Michele T., Beccarelli, Joel, Bekker, Dmitriy L., Bruck Syal, Megan, Buratti, Bonnie J., Busch, Michael W., Campo Bagatin, Adriano, Chatelain, Joseph P., Chocron, Sidney, Collins, Gareth S., Conversi, Luca, Davison, Thomas M., DeCoster, Mallory E., Prasanna Deshapriya, J. D., Eggl, Siegfried, Espiritu, Raymond C., Farnham, Tony L., Ferrais, Marin, Ferrari, Fabio, Föhring, Dora, Fuentes-Muñoz, Oscar, Gai, Igor, Giordano, Carmine, Glenar, David A., Gomez, Edward, Graninger, Dawn M., Green, Simon F., Greenstreet, Sarah, Hasselmann, Pedro H., Herreros, Isabel, Hirabayashi, Masatoshi, Husárik, Marek, Ieva, Simone, Ivanovski, Stavro L., Jackson, Samuel L., Jehin, Emmanuel, Jutzi, Martin, Karatekin, Ozgur, Knight, Matthew M., Kolokolova, Ludmilla, Kumamoto, Kathryn M., Küppers, Michael, La Forgia, Fiorangela, Lazzarin, Monica, Li, Jian-Yang, Lister, Tim A., Lolachi, Ramin, Lucas, Michael P., Lucchetti, Alice, Luther, Robert, Makadia, Rahil, Mazzotta Epifani, Elena, McMahon, Jay, Merisio, Gianmario, Merrill, Colby C., Meyer, Alex J., Michel, Patrick, Micheli, Marco, Migliorini, Alessandra, Minker, Kate, Modenini, Dario, Moreno, Fernando, Murdoch, Naomi, Murphy, Brian, Naidu, Shantanu P., Nair, Hari, Nakano, Ryota, Opitom, Cyrielle, Ormö, Jens, Michael Owen, J., Pajola, Maurizio, Palmer, Eric E., Palumbo, Pasquale, Panicucci, Paolo, Parro, Laura M., Pearl, Jason M., Penttilä, Antti, Perna, Davide, Petrescu, Elisabeta, Pravec, Petr, Raducan, Sabina D., Ramesh, K. T., Ridden-Harper, Ryan, Rizos, Juan L., Rossi, Alessandro, Roth, Nathan X., Rożek, Agata, Rozitis, Benjamin, Ryan, Eileen V., Ryan, William H., Sánchez, Paul, Santana-Ros, Toni, Scheeres, Daniel J., Scheirich, Peter, Berk Senel, Cem, Snodgrass, Colin, Soldini, Stefania, Souami, Damya, Statler, Thomas S., Street, Rachel, Stubbs, Timothy J., Sunshine, Jessica M., Tan, Nicole J., Tancredi, Gonzalo, Tinsman, Calley L., Tortora, Paolo, Tusberti, Filippo, Walker, James D., Waller, C. Dany, Wünnemann, Kai, Zannoni, Marco, and Zhang, Yun. Achievement of the Planetary Defense Investigations of the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) Mission. United States: N. p., 2024.
Web. doi:10.3847/psj/ad16e6.
Chabot, Nancy L., Rivkin, Andrew S., Cheng, Andrew F., Barnouin, Olivier S., Fahnestock, Eugene G., Richardson, Derek C., Stickle, Angela M., Thomas, Cristina A., Ernst, Carolyn M., Terik Daly, R., Dotto, Elisabetta, Zinzi, Angelo, Chesley, Steven R., Moskovitz, Nicholas A., Barbee, Brent W., Abell, Paul, Agrusa, Harrison F., Bannister, Michele T., Beccarelli, Joel, Bekker, Dmitriy L., Bruck Syal, Megan, Buratti, Bonnie J., Busch, Michael W., Campo Bagatin, Adriano, Chatelain, Joseph P., Chocron, Sidney, Collins, Gareth S., Conversi, Luca, Davison, Thomas M., DeCoster, Mallory E., Prasanna Deshapriya, J. D., Eggl, Siegfried, Espiritu, Raymond C., Farnham, Tony L., Ferrais, Marin, Ferrari, Fabio, Föhring, Dora, Fuentes-Muñoz, Oscar, Gai, Igor, Giordano, Carmine, Glenar, David A., Gomez, Edward, Graninger, Dawn M., Green, Simon F., Greenstreet, Sarah, Hasselmann, Pedro H., Herreros, Isabel, Hirabayashi, Masatoshi, Husárik, Marek, Ieva, Simone, Ivanovski, Stavro L., Jackson, Samuel L., Jehin, Emmanuel, Jutzi, Martin, Karatekin, Ozgur, Knight, Matthew M., Kolokolova, Ludmilla, Kumamoto, Kathryn M., Küppers, Michael, La Forgia, Fiorangela, Lazzarin, Monica, Li, Jian-Yang, Lister, Tim A., Lolachi, Ramin, Lucas, Michael P., Lucchetti, Alice, Luther, Robert, Makadia, Rahil, Mazzotta Epifani, Elena, McMahon, Jay, Merisio, Gianmario, Merrill, Colby C., Meyer, Alex J., Michel, Patrick, Micheli, Marco, Migliorini, Alessandra, Minker, Kate, Modenini, Dario, Moreno, Fernando, Murdoch, Naomi, Murphy, Brian, Naidu, Shantanu P., Nair, Hari, Nakano, Ryota, Opitom, Cyrielle, Ormö, Jens, Michael Owen, J., Pajola, Maurizio, Palmer, Eric E., Palumbo, Pasquale, Panicucci, Paolo, Parro, Laura M., Pearl, Jason M., Penttilä, Antti, Perna, Davide, Petrescu, Elisabeta, Pravec, Petr, Raducan, Sabina D., Ramesh, K. T., Ridden-Harper, Ryan, Rizos, Juan L., Rossi, Alessandro, Roth, Nathan X., Rożek, Agata, Rozitis, Benjamin, Ryan, Eileen V., Ryan, William H., Sánchez, Paul, Santana-Ros, Toni, Scheeres, Daniel J., Scheirich, Peter, Berk Senel, Cem, Snodgrass, Colin, Soldini, Stefania, Souami, Damya, Statler, Thomas S., Street, Rachel, Stubbs, Timothy J., Sunshine, Jessica M., Tan, Nicole J., Tancredi, Gonzalo, Tinsman, Calley L., Tortora, Paolo, Tusberti, Filippo, Walker, James D., Waller, C. Dany, Wünnemann, Kai, Zannoni, Marco, & Zhang, Yun. Achievement of the Planetary Defense Investigations of the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) Mission. United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/psj/ad16e6
Chabot, Nancy L., Rivkin, Andrew S., Cheng, Andrew F., Barnouin, Olivier S., Fahnestock, Eugene G., Richardson, Derek C., Stickle, Angela M., Thomas, Cristina A., Ernst, Carolyn M., Terik Daly, R., Dotto, Elisabetta, Zinzi, Angelo, Chesley, Steven R., Moskovitz, Nicholas A., Barbee, Brent W., Abell, Paul, Agrusa, Harrison F., Bannister, Michele T., Beccarelli, Joel, Bekker, Dmitriy L., Bruck Syal, Megan, Buratti, Bonnie J., Busch, Michael W., Campo Bagatin, Adriano, Chatelain, Joseph P., Chocron, Sidney, Collins, Gareth S., Conversi, Luca, Davison, Thomas M., DeCoster, Mallory E., Prasanna Deshapriya, J. D., Eggl, Siegfried, Espiritu, Raymond C., Farnham, Tony L., Ferrais, Marin, Ferrari, Fabio, Föhring, Dora, Fuentes-Muñoz, Oscar, Gai, Igor, Giordano, Carmine, Glenar, David A., Gomez, Edward, Graninger, Dawn M., Green, Simon F., Greenstreet, Sarah, Hasselmann, Pedro H., Herreros, Isabel, Hirabayashi, Masatoshi, Husárik, Marek, Ieva, Simone, Ivanovski, Stavro L., Jackson, Samuel L., Jehin, Emmanuel, Jutzi, Martin, Karatekin, Ozgur, Knight, Matthew M., Kolokolova, Ludmilla, Kumamoto, Kathryn M., Küppers, Michael, La Forgia, Fiorangela, Lazzarin, Monica, Li, Jian-Yang, Lister, Tim A., Lolachi, Ramin, Lucas, Michael P., Lucchetti, Alice, Luther, Robert, Makadia, Rahil, Mazzotta Epifani, Elena, McMahon, Jay, Merisio, Gianmario, Merrill, Colby C., Meyer, Alex J., Michel, Patrick, Micheli, Marco, Migliorini, Alessandra, Minker, Kate, Modenini, Dario, Moreno, Fernando, Murdoch, Naomi, Murphy, Brian, Naidu, Shantanu P., Nair, Hari, Nakano, Ryota, Opitom, Cyrielle, Ormö, Jens, Michael Owen, J., Pajola, Maurizio, Palmer, Eric E., Palumbo, Pasquale, Panicucci, Paolo, Parro, Laura M., Pearl, Jason M., Penttilä, Antti, Perna, Davide, Petrescu, Elisabeta, Pravec, Petr, Raducan, Sabina D., Ramesh, K. T., Ridden-Harper, Ryan, Rizos, Juan L., Rossi, Alessandro, Roth, Nathan X., Rożek, Agata, Rozitis, Benjamin, Ryan, Eileen V., Ryan, William H., Sánchez, Paul, Santana-Ros, Toni, Scheeres, Daniel J., Scheirich, Peter, Berk Senel, Cem, Snodgrass, Colin, Soldini, Stefania, Souami, Damya, Statler, Thomas S., Street, Rachel, Stubbs, Timothy J., Sunshine, Jessica M., Tan, Nicole J., Tancredi, Gonzalo, Tinsman, Calley L., Tortora, Paolo, Tusberti, Filippo, Walker, James D., Waller, C. Dany, Wünnemann, Kai, Zannoni, Marco, and Zhang, Yun. Mon .
"Achievement of the Planetary Defense Investigations of the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) Mission". United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/psj/ad16e6. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2318789.
@article{osti_2318789,
title = {Achievement of the Planetary Defense Investigations of the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) Mission},
author = {Chabot, Nancy L. and Rivkin, Andrew S. and Cheng, Andrew F. and Barnouin, Olivier S. and Fahnestock, Eugene G. and Richardson, Derek C. and Stickle, Angela M. and Thomas, Cristina A. and Ernst, Carolyn M. and Terik Daly, R. and Dotto, Elisabetta and Zinzi, Angelo and Chesley, Steven R. and Moskovitz, Nicholas A. and Barbee, Brent W. and Abell, Paul and Agrusa, Harrison F. and Bannister, Michele T. and Beccarelli, Joel and Bekker, Dmitriy L. and Bruck Syal, Megan and Buratti, Bonnie J. and Busch, Michael W. and Campo Bagatin, Adriano and Chatelain, Joseph P. and Chocron, Sidney and Collins, Gareth S. and Conversi, Luca and Davison, Thomas M. and DeCoster, Mallory E. and Prasanna Deshapriya, J. D. and Eggl, Siegfried and Espiritu, Raymond C. and Farnham, Tony L. and Ferrais, Marin and Ferrari, Fabio and Föhring, Dora and Fuentes-Muñoz, Oscar and Gai, Igor and Giordano, Carmine and Glenar, David A. and Gomez, Edward and Graninger, Dawn M. and Green, Simon F. and Greenstreet, Sarah and Hasselmann, Pedro H. and Herreros, Isabel and Hirabayashi, Masatoshi and Husárik, Marek and Ieva, Simone and Ivanovski, Stavro L. and Jackson, Samuel L. and Jehin, Emmanuel and Jutzi, Martin and Karatekin, Ozgur and Knight, Matthew M. and Kolokolova, Ludmilla and Kumamoto, Kathryn M. and Küppers, Michael and La Forgia, Fiorangela and Lazzarin, Monica and Li, Jian-Yang and Lister, Tim A. and Lolachi, Ramin and Lucas, Michael P. and Lucchetti, Alice and Luther, Robert and Makadia, Rahil and Mazzotta Epifani, Elena and McMahon, Jay and Merisio, Gianmario and Merrill, Colby C. and Meyer, Alex J. and Michel, Patrick and Micheli, Marco and Migliorini, Alessandra and Minker, Kate and Modenini, Dario and Moreno, Fernando and Murdoch, Naomi and Murphy, Brian and Naidu, Shantanu P. and Nair, Hari and Nakano, Ryota and Opitom, Cyrielle and Ormö, Jens and Michael Owen, J. and Pajola, Maurizio and Palmer, Eric E. and Palumbo, Pasquale and Panicucci, Paolo and Parro, Laura M. and Pearl, Jason M. and Penttilä, Antti and Perna, Davide and Petrescu, Elisabeta and Pravec, Petr and Raducan, Sabina D. and Ramesh, K. T. and Ridden-Harper, Ryan and Rizos, Juan L. and Rossi, Alessandro and Roth, Nathan X. and Rożek, Agata and Rozitis, Benjamin and Ryan, Eileen V. and Ryan, William H. and Sánchez, Paul and Santana-Ros, Toni and Scheeres, Daniel J. and Scheirich, Peter and Berk Senel, Cem and Snodgrass, Colin and Soldini, Stefania and Souami, Damya and Statler, Thomas S. and Street, Rachel and Stubbs, Timothy J. and Sunshine, Jessica M. and Tan, Nicole J. and Tancredi, Gonzalo and Tinsman, Calley L. and Tortora, Paolo and Tusberti, Filippo and Walker, James D. and Waller, C. Dany and Wünnemann, Kai and Zannoni, Marco and Zhang, Yun},
abstractNote = {NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission was the first to demonstrate asteroid deflection, and the mission's Level 1 requirements guided its planetary defense investigations. Here, we summarize DART's achievement of those requirements. On 2022 September 26, the DART spacecraft impacted Dimorphos, the secondary member of the Didymos near-Earth asteroid binary system, demonstrating an autonomously navigated kinetic impact into an asteroid with limited prior knowledge for planetary defense. Months of subsequent Earth-based observations showed that the binary orbital period was changed by –33.24 minutes, with two independent analysis methods each reporting a 1σ uncertainty of 1.4 s. Dynamical models determined that the momentum enhancement factor, β, resulting from DART's kinetic impact test is between 2.4 and 4.9, depending on the mass of Dimorphos, which remains the largest source of uncertainty. Over five dozen telescopes across the globe and in space, along with the Light Italian CubeSat for Imaging of Asteroids, have contributed to DART's investigations. These combined investigations have addressed topics related to the ejecta, dynamics, impact event, and properties of both asteroids in the binary system. A year following DART's successful impact into Dimorphos, the mission has achieved its planetary defense requirements, although work to further understand DART's kinetic impact test and the Didymos system will continue. In particular, ESA's Hera mission is planned to perform extensive measurements in 2027 during its rendezvous with the Didymos–Dimorphos system, building on DART to advance our knowledge and continue the ongoing international collaboration for planetary defense.},
doi = {10.3847/psj/ad16e6},
journal = {The Planetary Science Journal},
number = 2,
volume = 5,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Feb 26 00:00:00 EST 2024},
month = {Mon Feb 26 00:00:00 EST 2024}
}
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