This content will become publicly available on Sat Jan 04 00:00:00 EST 2025
Can a Coating Mitigate Molten Na Dendrite Growth in NaSICON Under High Current Density?
Abstract
Alkali metals are among the most desirable negative electrodes for long duration energy storage due to their extremely high capacities. Currently, only high-temperature (>250 °C) batteries have successfully used alkali electrodes in commercial applications, due to limitations imposed by solid electrolytes, such as low conductivity at moderate temperatures and susceptibility to dendrites. Toward enabling the next generation of grid-scale, long duration batteries, we aim to develop molten sodium (Na) systems that operate with commercially attractive performance metrics including high current density (>100 mA cm–2), low temperature (<200 °C), and long discharge times (>12 h). In this work, we focus on the performance of NaSICON solid electrolytes in sodium symmetric cells at 110 °C. Specifically, we use a tin (Sn) coating on NaSICON to reduce interfacial resistance by a factor of 10, enabling molten Na symmetric cell operation with “discharge” durations up to 23 h at 100 mA cm–2 and 110 °C. Unidirectional galvanostatic testing shows a 70% overpotential reduction, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) highlights the reduction in interfacial resistance due to the Sn coating. Detailed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) show that Sn-coated NaSICON enables current densities of up to 500 mA cm–2 at 110 °Cmore »
- Authors:
-
[1];
[2];
[2];
[2];
[1]
- Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY (United States)
- Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Electricity (OE), Advanced Grid Research & Development. Power Systems Engineering Research; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 2311326
- Report Number(s):
- SAND-2024-00822J
Journal ID: ISSN 2574-0962
- Grant/Contract Number:
- NA0003525
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- ACS Applied Energy Materials
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 7; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 2574-0962
- Publisher:
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 25 ENERGY STORAGE; sodium batteries; solid electrolyte; Sn coating; dendrite; critical current density
Citation Formats
Hill, Ryan C., Peretti, Amanda S., Maraschky, Adam M., Small, Leo J., Spoerke, Erik D., and Cheng, Yang-Tse. Can a Coating Mitigate Molten Na Dendrite Growth in NaSICON Under High Current Density?. United States: N. p., 2024.
Web. doi:10.1021/acsaem.3c02994.
Hill, Ryan C., Peretti, Amanda S., Maraschky, Adam M., Small, Leo J., Spoerke, Erik D., & Cheng, Yang-Tse. Can a Coating Mitigate Molten Na Dendrite Growth in NaSICON Under High Current Density?. United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.3c02994
Hill, Ryan C., Peretti, Amanda S., Maraschky, Adam M., Small, Leo J., Spoerke, Erik D., and Cheng, Yang-Tse. Thu .
"Can a Coating Mitigate Molten Na Dendrite Growth in NaSICON Under High Current Density?". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.3c02994.
@article{osti_2311326,
title = {Can a Coating Mitigate Molten Na Dendrite Growth in NaSICON Under High Current Density?},
author = {Hill, Ryan C. and Peretti, Amanda S. and Maraschky, Adam M. and Small, Leo J. and Spoerke, Erik D. and Cheng, Yang-Tse},
abstractNote = {Alkali metals are among the most desirable negative electrodes for long duration energy storage due to their extremely high capacities. Currently, only high-temperature (>250 °C) batteries have successfully used alkali electrodes in commercial applications, due to limitations imposed by solid electrolytes, such as low conductivity at moderate temperatures and susceptibility to dendrites. Toward enabling the next generation of grid-scale, long duration batteries, we aim to develop molten sodium (Na) systems that operate with commercially attractive performance metrics including high current density (>100 mA cm–2), low temperature (<200 °C), and long discharge times (>12 h). In this work, we focus on the performance of NaSICON solid electrolytes in sodium symmetric cells at 110 °C. Specifically, we use a tin (Sn) coating on NaSICON to reduce interfacial resistance by a factor of 10, enabling molten Na symmetric cell operation with “discharge” durations up to 23 h at 100 mA cm–2 and 110 °C. Unidirectional galvanostatic testing shows a 70% overpotential reduction, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) highlights the reduction in interfacial resistance due to the Sn coating. Detailed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) show that Sn-coated NaSICON enables current densities of up to 500 mA cm–2 at 110 °C by suppressing dendrite formation at the plating interface (Mode I). In conclusion, this analysis also provides a mechanistic understanding of dendrite formation at current densities up to 1000 mA cm–2, highlighting the importance of effective coatings that will enable advanced battery technologies for long-term energy storage.},
doi = {10.1021/acsaem.3c02994},
journal = {ACS Applied Energy Materials},
number = 2,
volume = 7,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Jan 04 00:00:00 EST 2024},
month = {Thu Jan 04 00:00:00 EST 2024}
}
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