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Title: Reaching a burning plasma and ignition using smaller capsules/Hohlraums, higher radiation temperatures, and thicker ablator/ice on the national ignition facility

Abstract

In indirect-drive implosions, the final core hot spot energy and pressure and, hence, neutron yield attainable in 1D increase with increasing laser peak power and, hence, radiation drive temperature at the fixed capsule and Hohlraum size. Here we present simple analytic scalings validated by 1D simulations that quantify the improvement in performance and use this to explain existing data and simulation trends. Extrapolating to the 500 TW National Ignition Facility peak power limit in a low gas-fill 5.4 mm diameter Hohlraum based on existing high adiabat implosion data at 400 TW, 1.3 MJ and 1 × 1016 yield, we find that a 2–3 × 1017 yield (0.5–0.7 MJ) is plausible using only 1.8 MJ of laser energy. Based on existing data varying deuterium–tritium (DT) fuel thickness and dopant areal density, further improvements should be possible by increasing DT fuel areal density, and hence confinement time and yield amplification.

Authors:
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+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
  2. University of Rochester, NY (United States). Laboratory for Laser Energetics
  3. Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
  4. Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); General Atomics
OSTI Identifier:
2280485
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1960092
Report Number(s):
LLNL-JRNL-830844
Journal ID: ISSN 1070-664X; 1047234
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC52-07NA27344; NA0001808
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Physics of Plasmas
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 30; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 1070-664X
Publisher:
American Institute of Physics (AIP)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY; alpha particles; nuclear fusion; deuterium; tritium; Lawson criterion; ignition; plasma confinement; plasma instabilities; growth factors

Citation Formats

Baker, K. L., Thomas, C. A., Landen, O. L., Haan, S., Lindl, J. D., Casey, D. T., Young, C., Nora, R., Hurricane, O. A., Callahan, D. A., Jones, O., Berzak Hopkins, L., Khan, S., Spears, B. K., Le Pape, S., Meezan, N. B., Ho, D. D., Döppner, T., Hinkel, D., Dewald, E. L., Tommasini, R., Hohenberger, M., Weber, C., Clark, D., Woods, D. T., Milovich, J. L., Strozzi, D., Kritcher, A., Robey, H. F., Ross, J. S., Smalyuk, V. A., Amendt, P. A., Bachmann, B., Benedetti, L. R., Bionta, R., Celliers, P. M., Fittinghoff, D., Goyon, C., Hatarik, R., Izumi, N., Gatu Johnson, M., Kyrala, G., Ma, T., Meaney, K., Millot, M., Nagel, S. R., Patel, P. K., Turnbull, D., Volegov, P. L., Yeamans, C., and Wilde, C. Reaching a burning plasma and ignition using smaller capsules/Hohlraums, higher radiation temperatures, and thicker ablator/ice on the national ignition facility. United States: N. p., 2023. Web. doi:10.1063/5.0131180.
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Baker, K. L., Thomas, C. A., Landen, O. L., Haan, S., Lindl, J. D., Casey, D. T., Young, C., Nora, R., Hurricane, O. A., Callahan, D. A., Jones, O., Berzak Hopkins, L., Khan, S., Spears, B. K., Le Pape, S., Meezan, N. B., Ho, D. D., Döppner, T., Hinkel, D., Dewald, E. L., Tommasini, R., Hohenberger, M., Weber, C., Clark, D., Woods, D. T., Milovich, J. L., Strozzi, D., Kritcher, A., Robey, H. F., Ross, J. S., Smalyuk, V. A., Amendt, P. A., Bachmann, B., Benedetti, L. R., Bionta, R., Celliers, P. M., Fittinghoff, D., Goyon, C., Hatarik, R., Izumi, N., Gatu Johnson, M., Kyrala, G., Ma, T., Meaney, K., Millot, M., Nagel, S. R., Patel, P. K., Turnbull, D., Volegov, P. L., Yeamans, C., & Wilde, C. Reaching a burning plasma and ignition using smaller capsules/Hohlraums, higher radiation temperatures, and thicker ablator/ice on the national ignition facility. United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0131180
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Baker, K. L., Thomas, C. A., Landen, O. L., Haan, S., Lindl, J. D., Casey, D. T., Young, C., Nora, R., Hurricane, O. A., Callahan, D. A., Jones, O., Berzak Hopkins, L., Khan, S., Spears, B. K., Le Pape, S., Meezan, N. B., Ho, D. D., Döppner, T., Hinkel, D., Dewald, E. L., Tommasini, R., Hohenberger, M., Weber, C., Clark, D., Woods, D. T., Milovich, J. L., Strozzi, D., Kritcher, A., Robey, H. F., Ross, J. S., Smalyuk, V. A., Amendt, P. A., Bachmann, B., Benedetti, L. R., Bionta, R., Celliers, P. M., Fittinghoff, D., Goyon, C., Hatarik, R., Izumi, N., Gatu Johnson, M., Kyrala, G., Ma, T., Meaney, K., Millot, M., Nagel, S. R., Patel, P. K., Turnbull, D., Volegov, P. L., Yeamans, C., and Wilde, C. Mon . "Reaching a burning plasma and ignition using smaller capsules/Hohlraums, higher radiation temperatures, and thicker ablator/ice on the national ignition facility". United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0131180. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2280485.
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@article{osti_2280485,
title = {Reaching a burning plasma and ignition using smaller capsules/Hohlraums, higher radiation temperatures, and thicker ablator/ice on the national ignition facility},
author = {Baker, K. L. and Thomas, C. A. and Landen, O. L. and Haan, S. and Lindl, J. D. and Casey, D. T. and Young, C. and Nora, R. and Hurricane, O. A. and Callahan, D. A. and Jones, O. and Berzak Hopkins, L. and Khan, S. and Spears, B. K. and Le Pape, S. and Meezan, N. B. and Ho, D. D. and Döppner, T. and Hinkel, D. and Dewald, E. L. and Tommasini, R. and Hohenberger, M. and Weber, C. and Clark, D. and Woods, D. T. and Milovich, J. L. and Strozzi, D. and Kritcher, A. and Robey, H. F. and Ross, J. S. and Smalyuk, V. A. and Amendt, P. A. and Bachmann, B. and Benedetti, L. R. and Bionta, R. and Celliers, P. M. and Fittinghoff, D. and Goyon, C. and Hatarik, R. and Izumi, N. and Gatu Johnson, M. and Kyrala, G. and Ma, T. and Meaney, K. and Millot, M. and Nagel, S. R. and Patel, P. K. and Turnbull, D. and Volegov, P. L. and Yeamans, C. and Wilde, C.},
abstractNote = {In indirect-drive implosions, the final core hot spot energy and pressure and, hence, neutron yield attainable in 1D increase with increasing laser peak power and, hence, radiation drive temperature at the fixed capsule and Hohlraum size. Here we present simple analytic scalings validated by 1D simulations that quantify the improvement in performance and use this to explain existing data and simulation trends. Extrapolating to the 500 TW National Ignition Facility peak power limit in a low gas-fill 5.4 mm diameter Hohlraum based on existing high adiabat implosion data at 400 TW, 1.3 MJ and 1 × 1016 yield, we find that a 2–3 × 1017 yield (0.5–0.7 MJ) is plausible using only 1.8 MJ of laser energy. Based on existing data varying deuterium–tritium (DT) fuel thickness and dopant areal density, further improvements should be possible by increasing DT fuel areal density, and hence confinement time and yield amplification.},
doi = {10.1063/5.0131180},
journal = {Physics of Plasmas},
number = 3,
volume = 30,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Mar 06 00:00:00 EST 2023},
month = {Mon Mar 06 00:00:00 EST 2023}
}
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Works referenced in this record:

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A generalized scaling law for the ignition energy of inertial confinement fusion capsules
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Alpha heating of indirect-drive layered implosions on the National Ignition Facility
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Deficiencies in compression and yield in x-ray-driven implosions
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Principal factors in performance of indirect-drive laser fusion experiments
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Stimulated backscatter of laser light from BigFoot hohlraums on the National Ignition Facility
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Implosion configurations for robust ignition using high- density carbon (diamond) ablator for indirect-drive ICF at the National Ignition Facility
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X-ray driven implosions at ignition relevant velocities on the National Ignition Facility
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Design of a High-Foot High-Adiabat ICF Capsule for the National Ignition Facility
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Optimization of capsule dopant levels to improve fuel areal density*
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Adiabat-shaping in indirect drive inertial confinement fusion
journal, May 2015

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Improved Performance of High Areal Density Indirect Drive Implosions at the National Ignition Facility using a Four-Shock Adiabat Shaped Drive
journal, September 2015

Experimental results of radiation-driven, layered deuterium-tritium implosions with adiabat-shaped drives at the National Ignition Facility
journal, October 2016

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The I-Raum: A new shaped hohlraum for improved inner beam propagation in indirectly-driven ICF implosions on the National Ignition Facility
journal, January 2018

  • Robey, H. F.; Berzak Hopkins, L.; Milovich, J. L.
  • Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 1
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Experimental achievement and signatures of ignition at the National Ignition Facility
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Design of an inertial fusion experiment exceeding the Lawson criterion for ignition
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Lawson Criterion for Ignition Exceeded in an Inertial Fusion Experiment
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Improving the hot-spot pressure and demonstrating ignition hydrodynamic equivalence in cryogenic deuterium–tritium implosions on OMEGA
journal, May 2014

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Precision Shock Tuning on the National Ignition Facility
journal, May 2012

Progress in the indirect-drive National Ignition Campaign
journal, November 2012

Three dimensional low-mode areal-density non-uniformities in indirect-drive implosions at the National Ignition Facility
journal, April 2021

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  • Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 28, Issue 4
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Yield and compression trends and reproducibility at NIF*
journal, August 2020

Demonstration of High Performance in Layered Deuterium-Tritium Capsule Implosions in Uranium Hohlraums at the National Ignition Facility
journal, July 2015

Development of Improved Radiation Drive Environment for High Foot Implosions at the National Ignition Facility
journal, November 2016

Design of inertial fusion implosions reaching the burning plasma regime
journal, January 2022

Increasing stagnation pressure and thermonuclear performance of inertial confinement fusion capsules by the introduction of a high-Z dopant
journal, August 2018

  • Berzak Hopkins, L.; Divol, L.; Weber, C.
  • Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.5033459
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