Diurnal rainfall response to the physiological and radiative effects of CO2 in tropical forests in the Energy exascale earth system model v1
Abstract
Understanding how the connection between rainfall and tropical forests will respond to increasing CO$$_2$$ concentrations is a key element in understanding how the tropical water cycle will respond to increasing CO$$_2$$. The plant physiological and radiative impacts of CO$$_2$$ on rainfall patterns over tropical forest regions are examined in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 1.1 (E3SMv1.1-BGC) biogeochemistry experiments. Composite analysis reveals a dampening of the diurnal cycle of rainfall over the Amazon, Congo, and Maritime Continent in response to rising CO$$_2$$ levels, regardless of the sign of total rainfall change. A full factorial model experiment confirms that the CO$$_2$$ radiative and CO$$_2$$ plant physiological effects can individually or jointly reduce the magnitude of the rainfall diurnal cycle, though the physical pathway giving rise to the reduction differs between the two effects. For the physiological response, stomatal closure reduces evapotranspiration, which dries the boundary layer and raises the lifting condensation level. These effects combine to reduce deep convective rainfall during its peak occurrence in the late daytime to early nighttime period. For the radiative response, a relative reduction in daytime CAPE (consistent with a reduction in the diurnal temperature range) leads to less frequent triggering of deep convection and a reduction of rainfall diurnal amplitude. These diurnal rainfall changes are structurally similar across seasons, and show little sensitivity to representation of nutrient coupling for the land biogeochemistry. In agreement with previous findings, the physiological response has only minor impact on extreme rainfall relative to the radiative response.
- Authors:
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[1];
[1];
[1];
[2];
[1];
[3];
[4];
[5];
[6];
[1];
[5]
- Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
- Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA (United States)
- Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER). Earth and Environmental Systems Science Division; USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1874227
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1876964; OSTI ID: 1885218; OSTI ID: 1958134
- Report Number(s):
- PNNL-SA-168093; LLNL-JRNL-827701
Journal ID: ISSN 2169-897X
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-76RL01830; SC0019459; SC0021209; AC52-07NA27344; AC05-00OR22725; AC02-05CH11231
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 127; Journal Issue: 10; Journal ID: ISSN 2169-897X
- Publisher:
- American Geophysical Union
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 58 GEOSCIENCES; 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; tropics; precipitation; diurnal cycle biogeochemistry; Environmental sciences
Citation Formats
Harrop, Bryce E., Burrows, Susannah M., Calvin, Katherine V., Kooperman, Gabriel J., Leung, Lai-Yung Ruby, Maltrud, Mathew E., Shi, Xiaoying, Tang, Jinyun, Tang, Qi, Wang, Hailong, and Zhu, Qing. Diurnal rainfall response to the physiological and radiative effects of CO2 in tropical forests in the Energy exascale earth system model v1. United States: N. p., 2022.
Web. doi:10.1029/2021JD036148.
Harrop, Bryce E., Burrows, Susannah M., Calvin, Katherine V., Kooperman, Gabriel J., Leung, Lai-Yung Ruby, Maltrud, Mathew E., Shi, Xiaoying, Tang, Jinyun, Tang, Qi, Wang, Hailong, & Zhu, Qing. Diurnal rainfall response to the physiological and radiative effects of CO2 in tropical forests in the Energy exascale earth system model v1. United States. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD036148
Harrop, Bryce E., Burrows, Susannah M., Calvin, Katherine V., Kooperman, Gabriel J., Leung, Lai-Yung Ruby, Maltrud, Mathew E., Shi, Xiaoying, Tang, Jinyun, Tang, Qi, Wang, Hailong, and Zhu, Qing. Wed .
"Diurnal rainfall response to the physiological and radiative effects of CO2 in tropical forests in the Energy exascale earth system model v1". United States. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD036148. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1874227.
@article{osti_1874227,
title = {Diurnal rainfall response to the physiological and radiative effects of CO2 in tropical forests in the Energy exascale earth system model v1},
author = {Harrop, Bryce E. and Burrows, Susannah M. and Calvin, Katherine V. and Kooperman, Gabriel J. and Leung, Lai-Yung Ruby and Maltrud, Mathew E. and Shi, Xiaoying and Tang, Jinyun and Tang, Qi and Wang, Hailong and Zhu, Qing},
abstractNote = {Understanding how the connection between rainfall and tropical forests will respond to increasing CO$_2$ concentrations is a key element in understanding how the tropical water cycle will respond to increasing CO$_2$. The plant physiological and radiative impacts of CO$_2$ on rainfall patterns over tropical forest regions are examined in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 1.1 (E3SMv1.1-BGC) biogeochemistry experiments. Composite analysis reveals a dampening of the diurnal cycle of rainfall over the Amazon, Congo, and Maritime Continent in response to rising CO$_2$ levels, regardless of the sign of total rainfall change. A full factorial model experiment confirms that the CO$_2$ radiative and CO$_2$ plant physiological effects can individually or jointly reduce the magnitude of the rainfall diurnal cycle, though the physical pathway giving rise to the reduction differs between the two effects. For the physiological response, stomatal closure reduces evapotranspiration, which dries the boundary layer and raises the lifting condensation level. These effects combine to reduce deep convective rainfall during its peak occurrence in the late daytime to early nighttime period. For the radiative response, a relative reduction in daytime CAPE (consistent with a reduction in the diurnal temperature range) leads to less frequent triggering of deep convection and a reduction of rainfall diurnal amplitude. These diurnal rainfall changes are structurally similar across seasons, and show little sensitivity to representation of nutrient coupling for the land biogeochemistry. In agreement with previous findings, the physiological response has only minor impact on extreme rainfall relative to the radiative response.},
doi = {10.1029/2021JD036148},
journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres},
number = 10,
volume = 127,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed May 04 00:00:00 EDT 2022},
month = {Wed May 04 00:00:00 EDT 2022}
}
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