Megavolt bremsstrahlung measurements from linear induction accelerators demonstrate possible use as a FLASH radiotherapy source to reduce acute toxicity
Abstract
Recent studies indicate better efficacy and healthy tissue sparing with high dose-rate FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) cancer treatment. This technique delivers a prompt high radiation dose rather than fractional doses over time. While some suggest thresholds of > 40 Gy s-1 with a maximal effect at > 100 Gy s-1, accumulated evidence shows that instantaneous dose-rate and irradiation time are critical. Mechanisms are still debated, but toxicity is minimized while inducing apoptosis in malignant tissue. Delivery technologies to date show that a capability gap exists with clinic scale, broad area, deep penetrating, high dose rate systems. Based on these trends, if FLASH-RT is adopted, it may become a dominant approach except in the least technologically advanced countries. The linear induction accelerator (LIA) developed for high instantaneous and high average dose-rate, species independent charged particle acceleration, has yet to be considered for this application. We review the status of LIA technology, explore the physics of bremsstrahlung-converter-target interactions and our work on stabilizing the electron beam. While the gradient of the LIA is low, we present our preliminary work to improve the gradient by an order of magnitude, presenting a point design for a multibeam FLASH-RT system using a single accelerator for application to conformal FLASH-RT.
- Authors:
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Opcondys, Inc., Manteca, CA (United States); Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy (ARPA-E); National Science Foundation (NSF); California Energy Commission; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1822570
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1814635; OSTI ID: 1873234
- Report Number(s):
- LLNL-JRNL-821319
Journal ID: ISSN 2045-2322; 17104; PII: 95807
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AR0000907; AC52-07NA27344; 1519964; 17-01-03
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Scientific Reports
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Scientific Reports Journal Volume: 11 Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2045-2322
- Publisher:
- Nature Publishing Group
- Country of Publication:
- United Kingdom
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 42 ENGINEERING; 43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS; Linear Induction Accelerator; FLASH Radiotherapy; Photoconductive Switching; Biological and medical sciences, Engineering - Particle accelerators , Engineering - Electronic and electrical engineering, Physics - Nuclear physics and radiation physics
Citation Formats
Sampayan, Stephen E., Sampayan, Kristin C., Caporaso, George J., Chen, Yu-Jiuan, Falabella, Steve, Hawkins, Steven A., Hearn, Jason, Watson, James A., and Zentler, Jan-Mark. Megavolt bremsstrahlung measurements from linear induction accelerators demonstrate possible use as a FLASH radiotherapy source to reduce acute toxicity. United Kingdom: N. p., 2021.
Web. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-95807-9.
Sampayan, Stephen E., Sampayan, Kristin C., Caporaso, George J., Chen, Yu-Jiuan, Falabella, Steve, Hawkins, Steven A., Hearn, Jason, Watson, James A., & Zentler, Jan-Mark. Megavolt bremsstrahlung measurements from linear induction accelerators demonstrate possible use as a FLASH radiotherapy source to reduce acute toxicity. United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95807-9
Sampayan, Stephen E., Sampayan, Kristin C., Caporaso, George J., Chen, Yu-Jiuan, Falabella, Steve, Hawkins, Steven A., Hearn, Jason, Watson, James A., and Zentler, Jan-Mark. Tue .
"Megavolt bremsstrahlung measurements from linear induction accelerators demonstrate possible use as a FLASH radiotherapy source to reduce acute toxicity". United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95807-9.
@article{osti_1822570,
title = {Megavolt bremsstrahlung measurements from linear induction accelerators demonstrate possible use as a FLASH radiotherapy source to reduce acute toxicity},
author = {Sampayan, Stephen E. and Sampayan, Kristin C. and Caporaso, George J. and Chen, Yu-Jiuan and Falabella, Steve and Hawkins, Steven A. and Hearn, Jason and Watson, James A. and Zentler, Jan-Mark},
abstractNote = {Recent studies indicate better efficacy and healthy tissue sparing with high dose-rate FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) cancer treatment. This technique delivers a prompt high radiation dose rather than fractional doses over time. While some suggest thresholds of > 40 Gy s-1 with a maximal effect at > 100 Gy s-1, accumulated evidence shows that instantaneous dose-rate and irradiation time are critical. Mechanisms are still debated, but toxicity is minimized while inducing apoptosis in malignant tissue. Delivery technologies to date show that a capability gap exists with clinic scale, broad area, deep penetrating, high dose rate systems. Based on these trends, if FLASH-RT is adopted, it may become a dominant approach except in the least technologically advanced countries. The linear induction accelerator (LIA) developed for high instantaneous and high average dose-rate, species independent charged particle acceleration, has yet to be considered for this application. We review the status of LIA technology, explore the physics of bremsstrahlung-converter-target interactions and our work on stabilizing the electron beam. While the gradient of the LIA is low, we present our preliminary work to improve the gradient by an order of magnitude, presenting a point design for a multibeam FLASH-RT system using a single accelerator for application to conformal FLASH-RT.},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-021-95807-9},
journal = {Scientific Reports},
number = 1,
volume = 11,
place = {United Kingdom},
year = {Tue Aug 24 00:00:00 EDT 2021},
month = {Tue Aug 24 00:00:00 EDT 2021}
}
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