Transformative Technology for FLASH Radiation Therapy

Schulte, Reinhard; Johnstone, Carol; Boucher, Salime; Esarey, Eric; Geddes, Cameron G. R.; Kravchenko, Maksim; Kutsaev, Sergey; Loo, Jr., Billy W.; Méot, François; Mustapha, Brahim; Nakamura, Kei; Nanni, Emilio A.; Obst-Huebl, Lieselotte; Sampayan, Stephen E.; Schroeder, Carl B.; Sheng, Ke; Snijders, Antoine M.; Snively, Emma; Tantawi, Sami G.; Van Tilborg, Jeroen

doi:10.3390/app13085021

Title: Transformative Technology for FLASH Radiation Therapy

Journal Article · 17 April 2023 · Applied Sciences

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app13085021 · OSTI ID:1969993

^[1]; Johnstone, Carol ^[2]; Boucher, Salime ^[3]; Esarey, Eric ^[4]; Geddes, Cameron G. R. ^[5];

^[3];

^[6]; Méot, François ^[7]; Mustapha, Brahim ^[8]; Nakamura, Kei ^[4];

^[9];

^[4];

^[10];

^[4]; Sheng, Ke ^[11];

^[4]; Snively, Emma ^[9]; Tantawi, Sami G. ^[9]; Van Tilborg, Jeroen ^[4]

Loma Linda University, CA (United States)
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
RadiaBeam Technologies, LLC, Santa Monica, CA (United States)
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Stanford University, CA (United States). School of Medicine
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Opcondys, Inc., Manteca, CA (United States)
University of California, San Francisco, CA (United States)

The general concept of radiation therapy used in conventional cancer treatment is to increase the therapeutic index by creating a physical dose differential between tumors and normal tissues through precision dose targeting, image guidance, and radiation beams that deliver a radiation dose with high conformality, e.g., protons and ions. However, the treatment and cure are still limited by normal tissue radiation toxicity, with the corresponding side effects. A fundamentally different paradigm for increasing the therapeutic index of radiation therapy has emerged recently, supported by preclinical research, and based on the FLASH radiation effect. FLASH radiation therapy (FLASH-RT) is an ultra-high-dose-rate delivery of a therapeutic radiation dose within a fraction of a second. Experimental studies have shown that normal tissues seem to be universally spared at these high dose rates, whereas tumors are not. While dose delivery conditions to achieve a FLASH effect are not yet fully characterized, it is currently estimated that doses delivered in less than 200 ms produce normal-tissue-sparing effects, yet effectively kill tumor cells. Despite a great opportunity, there are many technical challenges for the accelerator community to create the required dose rates with novel compact accelerators to ensure the safe delivery of FLASH radiation beams.

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Research Organization:: Opcondys, Inc., Manteca, CA (United States); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); USDOE Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy (ARPA-E); AQ:3 Accelerator Stewardship; National Institutes of Health (NIH); National Cancer Institute (NCI); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Office of SBIR/STTR Programs (SBIR/STTR); National Science Foundation (NSF); California Energy Commission; USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0015717; 2R44CA217607; AR0000907; SC0020009; AC02-07CH11359; AC02-06CH11357; AC52-07NA27344; AC02-76SF00515; AC02-05CH11231; 0000219678; R01CA255432; 1519964; 17-01-03

OSTI ID:: 1969993

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1972472; OSTI ID: 1998912; OSTI ID: 2228266

Report Number(s):: BNL-224275-2023-JAAM; FERMILAB-PUB-23-493-AD; TRN: US2313474

Journal Information:: Applied Sciences, Vol. 13, Issue 8; ISSN 2076-3417

Publisher:: MDPICopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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