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Title: Optimized Substrates and Measurement Approaches for Raman Spectroscopy of Graphene Nanoribbons

Abstract

The on-surface synthesis of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) allows for the fabrication of atomically precise narrow GNRs. Despite their exceptional properties which can be tuned by ribbon width and edge structure, significant challenges remain for GNR processing and characterization. In this work, Raman spectroscopy is used to characterize different types of GNRs on their growth substrate and track their quality upon substrate transfer. A Raman-optimized (RO) device substrate and an optimized mapping approach are presented that allow for the acquisition of high-resolution Raman spectra, achieving enhancement factors as high as 120 with respect to signals measured on standard SiO2/Si substrates. This approach is well suited to routinely monitor the geometry-dependent low-frequency modes of GNRs. In particular, the radial breathing-like mode (RBLM) and the shear-like mode (SLM) for 5-, 7-, and 9-atom-wide armchair GNRs (AGNRs) are tracked and their frequencies are compared with first-principles calculations.

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [3]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [4]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [5]; ORCiD logo [3];  [6]; ORCiD logo [6]; ORCiD logo [6]; ORCiD logo [7]; ORCiD logo [3]; ORCiD logo [5]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [2]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Empa, Swiss Federal Lab. for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf (Switzerland); Univ. of Basel (Switzerland)
  2. Empa, Swiss Federal Lab. for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf (Switzerland)
  3. Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst., Troy, NY (United States)
  4. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Science (CNMS)
  5. Empa, Swiss Federal Lab. for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf (Switzerland); Univ. of Bern (Switzerland)
  6. Max Planck Inst. for Polymer Research, Mainz (Germany)
  7. Max Planck Inst. for Polymer Research, Mainz (Germany); Johannes Gutenberg Univ., Mainz (Germany)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS)
Sponsoring Org.:
Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF); European Union’s Horizon 2020; US Department of the Navy, Office of Naval Research (ONR); USDOE Office of Science (SC); Max Planck Society; Binning and Rohrer Nanotechnology Center (BRNC)
OSTI Identifier:
1607085
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC05-00OR22725; 20PC21_155644; 785219; 754364
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Physica Status Solidi B. Basic Solid State Physics
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 256; Journal Issue: 12; Journal ID: ISSN 0370-1972
Publisher:
Wiley-Blackwell
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS; graphene nanoribbons; Raman-optimized substrates; Raman spectroscopy; substrate transfer; vibrational modes

Citation Formats

Overbeck, Jan, Borin Barin, Gabriela, Daniels, Colin, Perrin, Mickael L., Liang, Liangbo, Braun, Oliver, Darawish, Rimah, Burkhardt, Bryanna, Dumslaff, Tim, Wang, Xiao-Ye, Narita, Akimitsu, Müllen, Klaus, Meunier, Vincent, Fasel, Roman, Calame, Michel, and Ruffieux, Pascal. Optimized Substrates and Measurement Approaches for Raman Spectroscopy of Graphene Nanoribbons. United States: N. p., 2019. Web. doi:10.1002/pssb.201900343.
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Overbeck, Jan, Borin Barin, Gabriela, Daniels, Colin, Perrin, Mickael L., Liang, Liangbo, Braun, Oliver, Darawish, Rimah, Burkhardt, Bryanna, Dumslaff, Tim, Wang, Xiao-Ye, Narita, Akimitsu, Müllen, Klaus, Meunier, Vincent, Fasel, Roman, Calame, Michel, & Ruffieux, Pascal. Optimized Substrates and Measurement Approaches for Raman Spectroscopy of Graphene Nanoribbons. United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/pssb.201900343
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Overbeck, Jan, Borin Barin, Gabriela, Daniels, Colin, Perrin, Mickael L., Liang, Liangbo, Braun, Oliver, Darawish, Rimah, Burkhardt, Bryanna, Dumslaff, Tim, Wang, Xiao-Ye, Narita, Akimitsu, Müllen, Klaus, Meunier, Vincent, Fasel, Roman, Calame, Michel, and Ruffieux, Pascal. Wed . "Optimized Substrates and Measurement Approaches for Raman Spectroscopy of Graphene Nanoribbons". United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/pssb.201900343. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1607085.
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@article{osti_1607085,
title = {Optimized Substrates and Measurement Approaches for Raman Spectroscopy of Graphene Nanoribbons},
author = {Overbeck, Jan and Borin Barin, Gabriela and Daniels, Colin and Perrin, Mickael L. and Liang, Liangbo and Braun, Oliver and Darawish, Rimah and Burkhardt, Bryanna and Dumslaff, Tim and Wang, Xiao-Ye and Narita, Akimitsu and Müllen, Klaus and Meunier, Vincent and Fasel, Roman and Calame, Michel and Ruffieux, Pascal},
abstractNote = {The on-surface synthesis of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) allows for the fabrication of atomically precise narrow GNRs. Despite their exceptional properties which can be tuned by ribbon width and edge structure, significant challenges remain for GNR processing and characterization. In this work, Raman spectroscopy is used to characterize different types of GNRs on their growth substrate and track their quality upon substrate transfer. A Raman-optimized (RO) device substrate and an optimized mapping approach are presented that allow for the acquisition of high-resolution Raman spectra, achieving enhancement factors as high as 120 with respect to signals measured on standard SiO2/Si substrates. This approach is well suited to routinely monitor the geometry-dependent low-frequency modes of GNRs. In particular, the radial breathing-like mode (RBLM) and the shear-like mode (SLM) for 5-, 7-, and 9-atom-wide armchair GNRs (AGNRs) are tracked and their frequencies are compared with first-principles calculations.},
doi = {10.1002/pssb.201900343},
journal = {Physica Status Solidi B. Basic Solid State Physics},
number = 12,
volume = 256,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Oct 16 00:00:00 EDT 2019},
month = {Wed Oct 16 00:00:00 EDT 2019}
}
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Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1002/pssb.201900343
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Cited by: 15 works
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Figures / Tables:

Figure 1 Figure 1: Sample fabrication and characterization. a: STM image of aligned 9-AGNRs (top) and a sketch of the ribbons grown parallel to the Au(788) terraces (bottom). b: Sketch of the electrochemical delamination transfer (top) and a picture of the on-going transfer (bottom). c: Image of a Raman-optimized (RO) device substratemore » with a transferred PMMA/GNR film on top (dashed outline). Optical zoom-in with Raman G-intensity map as overlay (top). Raman spectra of three different transfers illustrating the sample-to-sample variation of the RBLM, CH/D and G modes (bottom).« less
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    Works referencing / citing this record:

    Well-defined sub-nanometer graphene ribbons synthesized inside carbon nanotubes
    journal, January 2021

    Optimized Graphene Electrodes for contacting Graphene Nanoribbons
    preprint, January 2021

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