Critical concentrations of cadmium in human liver and kidney measured by prompt-gamma neutron activation

Conference · Mon Jan 01 04:00:00 EST 1979

OSTI ID:6314799

Cohn, S H; Vartsky, D; Yasumura, S; Zanzi, I; Ellis, K J

Few data exist on Cd metabolism in human beings. In particular, data are needed on the role of parameters such as age, sex, weight, diet, smoking habits, and state of health. Prompt-gamma neutron activation analysis (PGNAA) provides the only currently available means for measuring in vivo levels of liver and kidney Cd. The method employs an 85 Ci, /sup 235/Pu,Be neutron source and a gamma ray detection system consisting of two Ge(Li) detector. The dose delivered to the liver and left kidney is 666 mrem (detection limit is 1.4 ..mu..g/g Cd in the liver and 2.0 mg Cd for one kidney). Absolute levels of Cd in the kidney and concentrations of Cd in the liver were measured in vivo in twenty healthy adult males using /sup 238/Pu,Be neutron sources. Organ Cd levels of smokers were significantly elevated above those of nonsmokers. Biological half-time for Cd in the body was estimated to be 15.7 yr. Cigarette smoking was estimated to result in the absorption of 1.9 ..mu..g of Cd per pack. No relationship was bound between body stores of Cd (liver and kidney) and Cd or ..beta..-microglobulin levels in urine and blood. Currently the above neutron activation facility is being mounted on a 34-ft mobile trailer unit. This unit will be used to monitor levels of Cd in industrial workers. It is anticipated that critically important data, particularly on industrially exposed workers, will provide a better basis for determining critical concentrations and for the setting or revision of standards for industrial and environmental Cd pollution. (ERB)

• Research Organization: Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY (USA)
• DOE Contract Number: EY-76-C-02-0016
• OSTI ID: 6314799
• Report Number(s): BNL-25707; CONF-790225-1
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
400101 -- Activation
Nuclear Reaction
Radiometric & Radiochemical Procedures
560306* -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology-- Man-- (-1987)
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
ACTINIDE ISOTOPES
ACTINIDE NUCLEI
ACTIVATION ANALYSIS
AEROSOLS
AGE DEPENDENCE
ALKALINE EARTH ISOTOPES
ALPHA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES
ANIMALS
BARYON REACTIONS
BERYLLIUM 9
BERYLLIUM ISOTOPES
BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES
BETA-MINUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES
BIOLOGICAL ACCUMULATION
BIOLOGICAL HALF-LIFE
BODY
CADMIUM
CADMIUM 113
CADMIUM ISOTOPES
CAPTURE
CHARGED-PARTICLE ACTIVATION
COLLOIDS
DATA
DATA FORMS
DIET
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
DISPERSIONS
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
ELECTRON CAPTURE RADIOISOTOPES
ELEMENTS
EVEN-ODD NUCLEI
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
GAMMA RADIATION
GE SEMICONDUCTOR DETECTORS
GLANDS
HADRON REACTIONS
HEAVY NUCLEI
INFORMATION
INTERMEDIATE MASS NUCLEI
IONIZING RADIATIONS
ISOLATED VALUES
ISOMERIC TRANSITION ISOTOPES
ISOTOPES
KIDNEYS
LI-DRIFTED DETECTORS
LI-DRIFTED GE DETECTORS
LIGHT NUCLEI
LIVER
MAMMALS
MAN
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
METALS
MINUTES LIVING RADIOISOTOPES
NEUTRON REACTIONS
NEUTRON SOURCES
NUCLEAR REACTIONS
NUCLEI
NUCLEON REACTIONS
NUMERICAL DATA
ORGANS
PARTICLE SOURCES
PHOTON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS
PLUTONIUM 235
PLUTONIUM ISOTOPES
PRIMATES
PROMPT GAMMA RADIATION
RADIATION DETECTORS
RADIATION SOURCES
RADIATIONS
RADIOISOTOPES
RESIDUES
SEMICONDUCTOR DETECTORS
SEX DEPENDENCE
SMOKES
SOLS
STABLE ISOTOPES
TOBACCO SMOKES
VERTEBRATES
WEIGHT
YEARS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES