Modulation of pulmonary defense mechanisms against viral and bacterial infections by acute exposures to nitrogen dioxide. Research report, October 1984-October 1987
Technical Report
·
OSTI ID:6171020
Levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO/sub 2/) exposure that induce increased susceptibility to viral and bacterial infections were studied in the murine animal mode. Physiological parameters of host resistance to respiratory infections were used as endpoints. The salient findings were: (1) intrapulmonary killing of staphylococcus aureus was impaired at 5.0 ppm of NO/sub 2/; (2) this effect was found at 2.5 ppm when NO/sub 2/ exposure was superimposed on immunosuppressed lungs treated with corticosteroids; (3) the adverse effect of NO/sub 2/ occurred at lower concentration when exposure followed bacterial challenge; and (4) during the course of murine Sendai virus infection, NO/sub 2/ exposure did not alter the infection in the lungs but did enhance lung pathology. The implications of these findings are that the antibacterial defenses of the lungs are susceptible to the inhibiting effects of acute exposures of lower concentrations of NO/sub 2/ when the lungs are predisposed by bacteria immunosuppression. The alveolar macrophage phagocytic system is the defense component most susceptible to the adverse effects of NO/sub 2/.
- Research Organization:
- Health Effects Inst., Cambridge, MA (USA)
- OSTI ID:
- 6171020
- Report Number(s):
- PB-89-148977/XAB; HEI/RR-88/20
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
500200 -- Environment
Atmospheric-- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport-- (-1989)
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
560300* -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
ANIMALS
BACTERIA
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
CHALCOGENIDES
DISEASES
DOCUMENT TYPES
IMMUNOSUPPRESSION
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
MAMMALS
MICE
MICROORGANISMS
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
NITROGEN DIOXIDE
NITROGEN OXIDES
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PARASITES
PROGRESS REPORT
PUBLIC HEALTH
RATS
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM DISEASES
RODENTS
VERTEBRATES
VIRUSES
Atmospheric-- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport-- (-1989)
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
560300* -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
ANIMALS
BACTERIA
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
CHALCOGENIDES
DISEASES
DOCUMENT TYPES
IMMUNOSUPPRESSION
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
MAMMALS
MICE
MICROORGANISMS
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
NITROGEN DIOXIDE
NITROGEN OXIDES
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PARASITES
PROGRESS REPORT
PUBLIC HEALTH
RATS
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM DISEASES
RODENTS
VERTEBRATES
VIRUSES