Cytotoxicity of the rare earth metals cerium, lanthanum, and neodymium in vitro: comparisons with cadmium in a pulmonary macrophage primary culture system
Journal Article
·
· Environ. Res.; (United States)
The rare earth metals cerium, lanthanum, and neodymium each were evaluated in an in vitro cytotoxicity assay system using adult, male Sprague-Dawley rat pulmonary alveolar macrophages. Both the soluble chloride form of these metals and their insoluble metal oxides were studied. For comparison purposes, the cytotoxicities of cadmium chloride and cadmium oxide were also quantified in this test system. In general, regardless of the cytotoxicity parameter measured, i.e., cell viability, lysosomal enzyme leakage, or changes in cell surface morphology, cadmium was more toxic to these cells than were the rare earth metals. Of the rare earth metals studied, only lanthanum chloride (LC/sub 50/ = 101 ..mu..M) displayed significant cytotoxicity in this test system. Cadmium chloride exhibited an LC/sub 50/ value of 28 ..mu..M whereas the LC/sub 50/ value for cadmium oxide was found to be 15 ..mu..M. These findings suggest that rare earth metal fumes should be considered as cytotoxic to lung tissue and therefore potentially fibrogenic.
- Research Organization:
- Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- OSTI ID:
- 5764720
- Journal Information:
- Environ. Res.; (United States), Journal Name: Environ. Res.; (United States) Vol. 43:1; ISSN ENVRA
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
560300* -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
ANIMAL CELLS
ANIMALS
BODY
CADMIUM CHLORIDES
CADMIUM COMPOUNDS
CADMIUM HALIDES
CADMIUM OXIDES
CELL CULTURES
CERIUM CHLORIDES
CERIUM COMPOUNDS
CHALCOGENIDES
CHLORIDES
CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS
CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS
FLUIDS
GASES
HALIDES
HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
IN VITRO
IN VIVO
LANTHANUM CHLORIDES
LANTHANUM COMPOUNDS
LUNGS
MACROPHAGES
MAMMALS
MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES
NEODYMIUM COMPOUNDS
NEODYMIUM OXIDES
ORGANS
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PHAGOCYTES
RARE EARTH COMPOUNDS
RATS
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
RODENTS
SOMATIC CELLS
TOXICITY
VAPORS
VERTEBRATES
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
ANIMAL CELLS
ANIMALS
BODY
CADMIUM CHLORIDES
CADMIUM COMPOUNDS
CADMIUM HALIDES
CADMIUM OXIDES
CELL CULTURES
CERIUM CHLORIDES
CERIUM COMPOUNDS
CHALCOGENIDES
CHLORIDES
CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS
CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS
FLUIDS
GASES
HALIDES
HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
IN VITRO
IN VIVO
LANTHANUM CHLORIDES
LANTHANUM COMPOUNDS
LUNGS
MACROPHAGES
MAMMALS
MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES
NEODYMIUM COMPOUNDS
NEODYMIUM OXIDES
ORGANS
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PHAGOCYTES
RARE EARTH COMPOUNDS
RATS
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
RODENTS
SOMATIC CELLS
TOXICITY
VAPORS
VERTEBRATES