Effects of chlorine on freshwater fish under various time and chemical conditions: toxicity of chlorine to freshwater fish. Final report

Technical Report · Thu Jul 01 00:00:00 EDT 1982

OSTI ID:5102042

Brooks, A S; Bartos, J M; Danos, P T

Laboratory bioassays to determine the acute toxicity of monochloramine, dichloramine, hypochlorous acid, and hypochlorite ion to emerald shiners, channel catfish, and rainbow trout were conducted. Four exposure regimes typical of chlorination schedules at operating steam electric power plants were used. Fish were exposed to single 15-minute, 30-minute, 120-minute, and quadruple 30-minute periods. No mortality or LC50 values were determined for each species of fish and chemical species of chlorine. Hypochlorous acid was the most toxic form of chlorine studied, followed closely by dichloramine. Monochloramine and hypochlorite ion were three to four times less toxic than hypochlorous acid and dichloramine. On the average, emerald shiners were 1.8 times more sensitive to chlorine than channel catfish and 3.3 times more sensitive than rainbow trout to the four forms of chlorine. The fish were more tolerant of chlorine during short duration exposures and most sensitive during the continuous 120-minute exposures. The significant differences in toxicity noted among the various chlorine species suggest that careful attention should be paid not only to total residual chlorine but to both the chlorine and fish species present and the duration of exposure expected in establishing chlorination regimes.

• Research Organization: Wisconsin Univ., Milwaukee (USA). Center for Great Lakes Studies
• OSTI ID: 5102042
• Report Number(s): EPRI-EA-2481; ON: DE82905841
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
CHLORINE
TOXICITY
FISHES
PHYSIOLOGY
FRESH WATER
ANIMALS
AQUATIC ORGANISMS
ELEMENTS
HALOGENS
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
NONMETALS
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
VERTEBRATES
WATER
560305* - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology- Vertebrates- (-1987)