Effects of free and combined chlorine and exposure duration on rainbow trout, channel catfish, and emerald shiners

Journal Article · Thu Nov 01 04:00:00 EST 1984 · Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.; (United States)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1984)113<786:EOFACC>2.0.CO;2· OSTI ID:6371520

Brooks, A S; Bartos, J M

Laboratory bioassays to determine the acute toxicity of monochloramine, dichloramine, hypochlorous acid, and hypochlorite ion to emerald shiners Notropis atherinoides, channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, and rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri were conducted. Four exposure regimes typical of chlorination schedules at operating steam electric power plants were used. Fish were exposed for single 15-minute, 30-minute, 120-minute, and 4 x 30-minute periods. Based on median lethal concentrations (LC50s), the nominal solution of hypochlorous acid was the most toxic, followed closely by the solution dominated by dichloramine; nominal monochloramine and hypochlorite ion solutions had a third to a quarter the toxicity of the other two. On the average, emerald shiners were 1.8 times more sensitive than channel catfish and 3.3 times more sensitive than rainbow trout to the four forms of chlorine. The fish were most tolerant of chlorine during short-duration exposures and least tolerant during the continuous 120-minute exposures. The differences in toxicity noted among the chlorine forms suggest that, when chlorination regimes and regulations are established, careful attention should be paid not only to total residual chlorine but to both the chlorine forms and fish species present and the duration of exposure. 24 references, 1 figure, 1 table.

• Research Organization: Wisconsin Univ., Milwaukee
• OSTI ID: 6371520
• Journal Information: Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.; (United States), Journal Name: Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.; (United States) Vol. 113:6; ISSN TAFSA
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

560305* -- Chemicals Metabolism &amp; Toxicology-- Vertebrates-- (-1987)
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
AMINES
ANIMALS
AQUATIC ORGANISMS
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
CHLORAMINES
CHLORINE
COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS
COOLING SYSTEMS
DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS
ELEMENTS
ENERGY SYSTEMS
FISHES
HALOGENS
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
HYPOCHLOROUS ACID
INORGANIC ACIDS
NONMETALS
ORGANIC CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
SENSITIVITY
TOXICITY
VERTEBRATES