Gaseous, chlorine-free chlorine dioxide for drinking water
- Miami Univ., Oxford, OH (United States)
- CDG Technology Inc., New York, NY (United States)
The benefits of applying chlorine dioxide (ClO{sub 2}) for the oxidative treatment of drinking water are well established. Chlorine dioxide treated finished water typically has substantially lower trihalomethane (THM) levels because ClO{sub 2} will not form chlorinated organic species as a by-product of disinfection. The THMs that are formed are probably due to chlorine from the generator or chlorine used to maintain a post-disinfection residual. An emerging regulatory issue concerning the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) is causing the water industry to set standards for the generation and delivery of ClO{sub 2}. The Federal Register (11 February 1994) contains language developed to limit the production of the unwanted inorganic by-products chlorite (ClO{sub 2}{sup -}), chlorate (ClO{sub 3}{sup -}), and bromate (BrO{sub 3}{sup -}) ions by requiring utilities to maintain high (95%) generation efficiencies and by limiting the amount of excess Cl{sub 2} that can be used during the generation process. The efficiency and excess Cl{sub 2} regulations may be problematic for utilities that over-chlorinate to attain chlorine dioxide high yields. Many utilities will have to decide either to reduce the amount of Cl{sub 2} used to react with sodium chlorite (NaClO{sub 2}), thereby increasing the ClO{sub 2}{sup -} residual in finished water, or over-chlorinate to increase yields and surpass the excess Cl{sub 2} limits.
- OSTI ID:
- 387288
- Report Number(s):
- CONF-951108-; TRN: 96:003589-0013
- Resource Relation:
- Conference: Water quality technology conference, New Orleans, LA (United States), 12-16 Nov 1995; Other Information: PBD: 1996; Related Information: Is Part Of Proceedings: 1995 water quality technology conference. Part I - Sunday seminars through Session 3E includes poster presentations. Part II - Session 4A through ST7; PB: 2562 p.
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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