Chlorine dioxide and hemodialysis

Technical Report · Mon May 01 00:00:00 EDT 1989

OSTI ID:6638630

Smith, R P ^[1]

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1. Dartmouth Coll., Hanover, NH (USA). Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology

Because it has little or no tendency to generate carcinogenic trihalomethanes such as chloroform, chlorine dioxide is an attractive alternative to chlorine for drinking water disinfection. There are, however, concerns about its acute toxicity, and the toxic effects of its by-products, chlorite and chlorate. The human experience with chlorine dioxide in both controlled, prospective studies and in actual use situations in community water supplies have as yet failed to reveal adverse health effects. The EPA has recommended standards of 0.06 mg/L for chlorine dioxide and standards of 0.007 mg/L for chlorite and chlorate in drinking water. Among groups who may be at special risk from oxychlorines in drinking water are patients who must undergro chronic extracorporeal hemodialysis. Although even units for home hemodialysis are supposed to be equipped with devices which effectively remove oxychlorines, there is a always a possibility of operator error or equipment failure. When the equipment is adequately maintained, it is likely that dialysis patients will have more intensive exposures from drinking water than from dialysis fluids despite the much larger volumes of water that are involved in dialysis. This paper discusses a hemodialysis and the standards and effects of oxychlorines. 90 refs., 2 tabs.

• Research Organization: Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (USA); Dartmouth Coll., Hanover, NH (USA). Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology
• Sponsoring Organization: DOE/DP
• DOE Contract Number: W-7405-ENG-48
• OSTI ID: 6638630
• Report Number(s): UCRL-CR-103401; ON: DE90015912
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

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CHLORINE OXIDES
CHLORITE MINERALS
DRINKING WATER
CHLORINATION
OXYCHLORIDES
ANEMIAS
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VIRUSES
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BODY FLUIDS
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CHEMICAL REACTIONS
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