Pre- and intermediate oxidation of drinking water with ozone, chlorine and chlorine dioxide. [ZURICH, SWITZERLAND]

Journal Article · · Ozone: Science and Engineering (The Journal of the International Ozone Association); (United States)

OSTI ID:5646815

Schalekamp, M

With the application of chlorine gas in drinking water treatment processing after the turn of this Century, great success was achieved. With the advance of analytical techniques in the field of trace matter, Rook (1) as well as Bellar, Lichtenberg and Kroner (2) succeeded in 1974 to establish the presence of chloroform and other chlorinated compounds in treated drinking water, namely as the result of chlorination. During tests to minimize the problems of chloroform, of chlorite and chlorate by the simultaneous addition of chlorine and chlorine dioxide, it was discovered that a small amount of chlorine dioxide was sufficient to reduce drastically the formation of chloroform and other trihalomethanes. The aim of future treatment techniques in Zurich is the preoxidation with ozone in place of chlorine and chlorine dioxide. Considering the mode of effect of the various oxidizing agents and the longer flow time through the biological activated carbon filters (as a result of the ozonation), ozone is - according to studies made by Grob and the Zurich Water Supply with ozonized Lake Zurich water - the most economical oxidation process with the best effect, i.e., without formation of toxic or carcinogenic substances.

• OSTI ID: 5646815
• Journal Information: Ozone: Science and Engineering (The Journal of the International Ozone Association); (United States), Journal Name: Ozone: Science and Engineering (The Journal of the International Ozone Association); (United States) Vol. 8:2; ISSN OZSED; ISSN 0191-9512
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION
320603* -- Energy Conservation
Consumption
& Utilization-- Municipalities & Community Systems-- Public Utilities-- (1980-)
CHALCOGENIDES
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
CHLORINATION
CHLORINE
CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
CHLORINE OXIDES
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
DRINKING WATER
ELEMENTS
EUROPE
HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
HALOGENATION
HALOGENS
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
NONMETALS
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
OZONE
OZONIZATION
SWITZERLAND
WATER