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Structure and water exchange dynamics of hydrated oxo halo ions in aqueous solution using QMCF MD simulation, large angle X-ray scattering and EXAFS

Journal Article · · Dalton Transactions
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1039/c4dt02580f· OSTI ID:1346974
 [1];  [2];  [3]
  1. Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala (Sweden); DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
  2. Univ. of Innsbruck, Innsbruck (Austria)
  3. Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala (Sweden)
Theoretical ab initio quantum mechanical charge field molecular dynamics (QMCF MD) has been applied in conjunction with experimental large angle X-ray scattering (LAXS) and EXAFS measurements to study structure and dynamics of the hydrated oxo chloro anions chlorite, ClO2, chlorate, ClO3, and perchlorate, ClO4. In addition, the structures of the hydrated hypochlorite, ClO, bromate, BrO3, iodate, IO3 and metaperiodate, IO4, ions have been determined in aqueous solution by means of LAXS. The structures of the bromate, metaperiodate, and orthoperiodate, H2IO63–, ions have been determined by EXAFS as solid sodium salts and in aqueous solution as well. The results show clearly that the only form of periodate present in aqueous solution is metaperiodate. The Cl–O bond distances in the hydrated oxo chloro anions as determined by LAXS and obtained in the QMCF MD simulations are in excellent agreement, being 0.01–0.02 Å longer than in solid anhydrous salts due to hydration through hydrogen bonding to water molecules. The oxo halo anions, all with unit negative charge, have low charge density making them typical structure breakers, thus the hydrogen bonds formed to the hydrating water molecules are weaker and more short-lived than those between water molecules in pure water. The water exchange mechanism of the oxo chloro anions resembles those of the oxo sulfur anions with a direct exchange at the oxygen atoms for perchlorate and sulfate. Here, the water exchange rate for the perchlorate ion is significantly faster, τ0.5 = 1.4 ps, compared to the hydrated sulfate ion and pure water, τ0.5 = 2.6 and 1.7 ps, respectively. The angular radial distribution functions show that the chlorate and sulfite ions have a more complex water exchange mechanism. As the chlorite and chlorate ions are more weakly hydrated than the sulfite ion the spatial occupancy is less well-defined and it is not possible to follow any well-defined migration pattern as it is difficult to distinguish between hydrating water molecules and bulk water in the region close to the ions.
Research Organization:
Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-76SF00515
OSTI ID:
1346974
Journal Information:
Dalton Transactions, Journal Name: Dalton Transactions Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 44; ISSN 1477-9226; ISSN ICHBD9
Publisher:
Royal Society of ChemistryCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Cited By (2)

Suppressed oxygen evolution during chlorate formation from hypochlorite in the presence of chromium(VI) journal February 2019
Activity Coefficients of Concentrated Salt Solutions: A Monte Carlo Investigation journal August 2019

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