Combined toxicity effects of chlorine, ammonia, and temperature on marine plankton. Progress report, September 16, 1975--September 30, 1976
Research on the combined effects of chlorine, ammmonia and temperature on marine plankton have been carried out for 20 months. To date continuous-flow bioassays have been conducted on lobster larvae (Homarus americanus), oyster larvae (Crassostrea virginica), copepods (Acartia tonsa), rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis), three juvenile and larval fish, killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus), scup (Stenotomus versicolor), and winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus), and phytoplankton (the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum). In addition, studies on zooplankton metabolism, filtration rates, and growth were carried out on exposed organisms. In general, the responses of invertebrates were distinctly different than those of fish: increasing mortality with increasing chlorine dose and greater sensitivity to chloramines than free chlorine in the former, and a threshold level of chlorine and greater sensitivity to free chlorine in the latter. Phytoplankton responses indicate that chlorine effects on primary producers are minimal compared to the serious effects on zooplankton, particularly larval forms that spawn intermittently. The overall conclusion of our studies is that chlorine application at power plants must be carried out with extreme caution and that serious consideration should be given to applying dechlorination at all coastal cooling systems.
- Research Organization:
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MA (USA)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- US Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA)
- DOE Contract Number:
- EY-76-S-02-2532
- OSTI ID:
- 7328010
- Report Number(s):
- COO-2532-2
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
AMMONIA
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
AQUATIC ORGANISMS
TEMPERATURE EFFECTS
CHLORINE
COOLING SYSTEMS
DIATOMS
FISHES
LARVAE
LOBSTERS
OYSTERS
PLANKTON
COASTAL WATERS
GROWTH
METABOLISM
MORTALITY
TOXICITY
ALGAE
ANIMALS
ARTHROPODS
BIOMASS
CRUSTACEANS
ELEMENTS
ENERGY SOURCES
HALOGENS
HYDRIDES
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
INVERTEBRATES
MOLLUSCS
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
NITROGEN HYDRIDES
NONMETALS
PLANTS
RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
SURFACE WATERS
VERTEBRATES
520400* - Environment
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