Quantum simulation of nonequilibrium dynamics and thermalization in the Schwinger model

de Jong, Wibe A.; Lee, Kyle; Mulligan, James; Płoskoń, Mateusz; Ringer, Felix; Yao, Xiaojun

doi:10.1103/physrevd.106.054508

Title: Quantum simulation of nonequilibrium dynamics and thermalization in the Schwinger model

Journal Article · Thu Sep 15 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Physical Review. D.

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.106.054508· OSTI ID:1988068

^[1]; Lee, Kyle ^[2]; Mulligan, James ^[2];

^[1]; Ringer, Felix ^[1];

^[3]

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)

In this work, we present simulations of nonequilibrium dynamics of quantum field theories on digital quantum computers. As a representative example, we consider the Schwinger model, a (1+1)-dimensional U(1) gauge theory, coupled through a Yukawa-type interaction to a thermal environment described by a scalar field theory. We use the Hamiltonian formulation of the Schwinger model discretized on a spatial lattice. With the thermal scalar fields traced out, the Schwinger model can be treated as an open quantum system and its real-time dynamics are governed by a Lindblad equation in the Markovian limit. The interaction with the environment ultimately drives the system to thermal equilibrium. In the quantum Brownian motion limit, the Lindblad equation is related to a field theoretical Caldeira-Leggett equation. By using the Stinespring dilation theorem with ancillary qubits, we perform studies of both the nonequilibrium dynamics and the preparation of a thermal state in the Schwinger model using IBM's simulator and quantum devices. The real-time dynamics of field theories as open quantum systems and the thermal state preparation studied here are relevant for a variety of applications in nuclear and particle physics, quantum information and cosmology.

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Research Organization:: Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0011090; AC02-05CH11231; AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1988068

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1894640; OSTI ID: 1991290

Journal Information:: Physical Review. D., Vol. 106, Issue 5; ISSN 2470-0010

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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