CLEAR: The Ionization and Chemical-enrichment Properties of Galaxies at 1.1 < z < 2.3

Papovich, Casey; Simons, Raymond C.; Estrada-Carpenter, Vicente; Matharu, Jasleen; Momcheva, Ivelina; Trump, Jonathan R.; Backhaus, Bren E.; Brammer, Gabriel; Cleri, Nikko J.; Finkelstein, Steven L.; Giavalisco, Mauro; Ji, Zhiyuan; Jung, Intae; Kewley, Lisa J.; Nicholls, David C.; Pirzkal, Norbert; Rafelski, Marc; Weiner, Benjamin

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac8058

Title: CLEAR: The Ionization and Chemical-enrichment Properties of Galaxies at 1.1 < z < 2.3

Journal Article · Mon Sep 19 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · The Astrophysical Journal

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac8058· OSTI ID:1983288

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Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States)
Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD (United States)
Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States); Saint Mary's Univ., Halifax NS (Canada)
Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD (United States); Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Heidelberg (Germany)
Univ. of Connecticut, Storrs, CT (United States)
Univ. of Copenhagen (Denmark)
Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)
Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (United States)
The Catholic Univ. of America, Washington, DC (United States); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States)
Australian National Univ., Canberra, ACT (Australia); ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D) (Australia)
Australian National Univ., Canberra, ACT (Australia)
Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD (United States); Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD (United States)
Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States)

We use deep spectroscopy from the Hubble Space Telescope Wide-Field-Camera 3 IR grisms combined with broadband photometry to study the stellar populations, gas ionization and chemical abundances in star-forming galaxies at z ~ 1.1–2.3. The data stem from the CANDELS Lyα Emission At Reionization (CLEAR) survey. At these redshifts, the grism spectroscopy measure the [O II] λλ3727, 3729, [O III]λλ4959, 5008, and Hβ strong emission features, which constrain the ionization parameter and oxygen abundance of the nebular gas. We compare the line-flux measurements to predictions from updated photoionization models (MAPPINGS V; Kewley et al.), which include an updated treatment of nebular gas pressure, $$\mathrm{log}P/k={n}_{e}{T}_{e}$$. Compared to low-redshift samples (z ~ 0.2) at fixed stellar mass, $$\mathrm{log}{M}_{* }/{M}_{\odot }\,=$$ 9.4–9.8, the CLEAR galaxies at z = 1.35 (1.90) have lower gas-phase metallicity, $${\rm{\Delta }}(\mathrm{log}Z)$$ = 0.25 (0.35) dex, and higher ionization parameters, $${\rm{\Delta }}(\mathrm{log}q)$$ = 0.25 (0.35) dex, where U ≡ q/c. We provide updated analytic calibrations between the [O III], [O II], and Hβ emission-line ratios, metallicity, and ionization parameter. The CLEAR galaxies show that at fixed stellar mass, the gas ionization parameter is correlated with the galaxy specific star formation rates, where $${\rm{\Delta }}\mathrm{log}q\simeq 0.4\times {\rm{\Delta }}(\mathrm{log}\,\mathrm{sSFR})$$, derived from changes in the strength of galaxy Hβ equivalent width. We interpret this as a consequence of higher gas densities, lower gas covering fractions, combined with a higher escape fraction of H-ionizing photons. We discuss both tests to confirm these assertions and implications this has for future observations of galaxies at higher redshifts.

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Research Organization:: US Department of Energy (USDOE), Washington, DC (United States). Office of Science, Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Science Foundation (NSF); Alfred P. Sloan Foundation

Contributing Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL)

OSTI ID:: 1983288

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 937, Issue 1; ISSN 0004-637X

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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