Ultrafast visualization of phase transitions in nonequilibrium warm dense matter

Mo, Mianzhen; Chen, Zhijiang; Glenzer, Siegfried

doi:10.1557/s43577-021-00149-6

Title: Ultrafast visualization of phase transitions in nonequilibrium warm dense matter

Journal Article · Fri Aug 06 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · MRS Bulletin

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1557/s43577-021-00149-6· OSTI ID:1814825

^[1]; Chen, Zhijiang ^[1]; Glenzer, Siegfried ^[1]

SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Intense ultrafast laser excitation brings materials into highly nonequilibrium states with complex solid–liquid phase transitions. These ultrafast processes yield warm dense matter (WDM) conditions characterized by comparable thermal and Fermi energies, and strong ion–ion coupling. Here, we review recent studies employing mega-electron-volt ultrafast electron diffraction to resolve the structural dynamics of nonequilibrium WDM created by femtosecond laser heating of solids. Furthermore, for the study of warm dense gold, the results showed homogeneous melting that occurs within tens of picoseconds at absorbed energy densities of 0.4–1.4 MJ/kg. These results constrained the electron–ion coupling rate and revealed the melting sensitivity to nucleation seeds. For the study of radiation-damaged tungsten, the results showed a melting transition below the melting temperature. Molecular dynamics simulations suggested that this melting behavior is driven by vacancy defect clusters from radiation damage. These studies provided atomic-level insights into the melting behavior of materials under extreme conditions.

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Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515; 100182

OSTI ID:: 1814825

Journal Information:: MRS Bulletin, Vol. 46; ISSN 0883-7694

Publisher:: Materials Research SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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