Mineral-Filled Fractures as Indicators of Multigenerational Fluid Flow in the Pahrump Hills Member of the Murray Formation, Gale Crater, Mars

Kronyak, R. E.; Kah, L. C.; Edgett, K. S.; VanBommel, S. J.; Thompson, L. M.; Wiens, R. C.; Sun, V. Z.; Nachon, M.

doi:10.1029/2018ea000482

Title: Mineral-Filled Fractures as Indicators of Multigenerational Fluid Flow in the Pahrump Hills Member of the Murray Formation, Gale Crater, Mars

Journal Article · Fri Jan 18 00:00:00 EST 2019 · Earth and Space Science

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1029/2018ea000482· OSTI ID:1734722

^[1];

^[2];

^[3];

^[4];

^[5];

^[6];

^[7]

Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
Malin Space Science Systems, San Diego, CA (United States)
Univ. of Guelph, ON (Canada)
Univ. of New Brunswick, Fredericton NB (Canada)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Jet Propulsion Lab. (JPL)
Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)

Mineral-filled fractures (veins) are valuable indicators of deformation and fluid flow within a sedimentary package. Information obtained from vein morphology, texture, and chemistry may elucidate the sequence and nature of postdepositional fluid events. Additional information from vein patterns and interactions between veins and host rock provides insight into fracture formation mechanism(s). The widespread occurrence of veins and other diagenetic features in the sedimentary rock record preserved in Gale crater, Mars, indicates that postdepositional fluids were regionally active considerably later in time than the primary fluviolacustrine environments responsible for the deposition of Mount Sharp strata. Here we report a suite of veins within the Murray formation at the Pahrump Hills locality that were investigated using the scientific payload of the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover. Based on an analysis of vein color, morphology, and texture, and corroborated by vein chemistry, we interpret three distinct vein types at Pahrump Hills: gray veins, white veins, and dark-toned veins. These veins represent distinct, separate episodes of postdepositional fluid flow, suggesting a protracted history of fluid stability in Gale crater. Additionally, we utilize vein patterns across multiple lithologies at the Pahrump Hills field site to suggest hydrofracture as the primary mechanism of fracture formation.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001

OSTI ID:: 1734722

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-19-32325

Journal Information:: Earth and Space Science, Vol. 6, Issue 2; ISSN 2333-5084

Publisher:: American Geophysical Union (AGU)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (74)

The relevance of vein texture in understanding the past hydraulic behaviour of a crystalline rock mass: reconstruction of the palaeohydrology of the Mecsekalja Zone, south Hungary: The relevance of vein texture in palaeohydrogeologic reconstructions Dabi, G.; SiklÓSy, Z.; Schubert, F. Geofluids, Vol. 11, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-8123.2011.00342.x	journal	August 2011
Modeling and mitigation of sample relief effects applied to chemistry measurements by the Mars Science Laboratory Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer: Target relief effect mitigation and modeling for the MSL APXS VanBommel, Scott J.; Gellert, Ralf; Berger, Jeff A. X-Ray Spectrometry, Vol. 46, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/xrs.2755	journal	March 2017
Natural Fractures in shale: A review and new observations Gale, Julia F. W.; Laubach, Stephen E.; Olson, Jon E. AAPG Bulletin, Vol. 98, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1306/08121413151	journal	November 2014
Preservation of Devonian Chemotrophic Filamentous Bacteria in Calcite Veins Trewin, Nigel H.; Knoll, Andrew H. PALAIOS, Vol. 14, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.2307/3515441	journal	June 1999
Encounters with an unearthly mudstone: Understanding the first mudstone found on Mars Schieber, Juergen; Bish, David; Coleman, Max Sedimentology, Vol. 64, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12318	journal	November 2016
Polygonal ridge networks on Mars: Diversity of morphologies and the special case of the Eastern Medusae Fossae Formation Kerber, Laura; Dickson, James L.; Head, James W. Icarus, Vol. 281 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2016.08.020	journal	January 2017
Chemistry of diagenetic features analyzed by ChemCam at Pahrump Hills, Gale crater, Mars Nachon, M.; Mangold, N.; Forni, O. Icarus, Vol. 281 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2016.08.026	journal	January 2017
Cracks in Martian boulders exhibit preferred orientations that point to solar-induced thermal stress Eppes, Martha-Cary; Willis, Andrew; Molaro, Jamie Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7712	journal	March 2015
A Habitable Fluvio-Lacustrine Environment at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars Grotzinger, J. P.; Sumner, D. Y.; Kah, L. C. Science, Vol. 343, Issue 6169 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1242777	journal	December 2013
Design and fabrication of lenses for the color science cameras aboard the Mars Science Laboratory rover Ghaemi, F. Tony Optical Engineering, Vol. 48, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1117/1.3251343	journal	October 2009
ChemCam: Chemostratigraphy by the First Mars Microprobe Wiens, R. C.; Maurice, S. Elements, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.2113/gselements.11.1.33	journal	February 2015
Microchemical evidence for episodic growth of antitaxial veins during fracture-controlled fluid flow Barker, S.; Cox, S.; Eggins, S. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 250, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.07.051	journal	October 2006
A review of the formation of tectonic veins and their microstructures Bons, Paul D.; Elburg, Marlina A.; Gomez-Rivas, Enrique Journal of Structural Geology, Vol. 43 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2012.07.005	journal	October 2012
Bedding-parallel fibrous veins (beef and cone-in-cone): Worldwide occurrence and possible significance in terms of fluid overpressure, hydrocarbon generation and mineralization Cobbold, Peter R.; Zanella, Alain; Rodrigues, Nuno Marine and Petroleum Geology, Vol. 43 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2013.01.010	journal	May 2013
How hydrofractures become arrested Gudmundsson, Agust; Brenner, Sonja L. Terra Nova, Vol. 13, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3121.2001.00380.x	journal	December 2001
Volatile and Organic Compositions of Sedimentary Rocks in Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars Ming, D. W.; Archer, P. D.; Glavin, D. P. Science, Vol. 343, Issue 6169 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1245267	journal	December 2013
Filamentous fabrics in low-temperature mineral assemblages: are they fossil biomarkers? Implications for the search for a subsurface fossil record on the early Earth and Mars Hofmann, B. A.; Farmer, J. D. Planetary and Space Science, Vol. 48, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-0633(00)00081-7	journal	September 2000
Constraints on the origin and evolution of the layered mound in Gale Crater, Mars using Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter data Thomson, B. J.; Bridges, N. T.; Milliken, R. Icarus, Vol. 214, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2011.05.002	journal	August 2011
Small-scale polygonal features on Mars: Seasonal thermal contraction cracks in permafrost Mellon, Michael T. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, Vol. 102, Issue E11 https://doi.org/10.1029/97JE02582	journal	November 1997
Theoretical Soil Mechanics Terzaghi, Karl John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470172766	book	January 1943
Effects of overpressure variations on fracture apertures and fluid transport Gudmundsson, Agust; Kusumoto, Shigekazu; Simmenes, Trine H. Tectonophysics, Vol. 581 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2012.05.003	journal	December 2012
Weathering, erosion and landscape processes on Mars identified from recent rover imagery, and possible Earth analogues Thomas, M.; Clarke, Jda; Pain, Cf Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 52, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1080/08120090500134597	journal	June 2005
Ancient Martian aeolian processes and palaeomorphology reconstructed from the Stimson formation on the lower slope of Aeolis Mons, Gale crater, Mars Banham, Steven G.; Gupta, Sanjeev; Rubin, David M. Sedimentology, Vol. 65, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12469	journal	April 2018
Mineralogy of the Martian Surface Ehlmann, Bethany L.; Edwards, Christopher S. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Vol. 42, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-060313-055024	journal	May 2014
Hydration state of calcium sulfates in Gale crater, Mars: Identification of bassanite veins Rapin, W.; Meslin, P. -Y.; Maurice, S. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 452 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.07.045	journal	October 2016
Desiccation cracks provide evidence of lake drying on Mars, Sutton Island member, Murray formation, Gale Crater Stein, N.; Grotzinger, J. P.; Schieber, J. Geology, Vol. 46, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1130/G40005.1	journal	April 2018
Mechanisms of fluid flow and fluid-rock interaction in fossil metamorphic hydrothermal systems inferred from vein-wallrock patterns, geometry and microstructure Oliver, Nicholas H. S.; Bons, Paul D. Geofluids, Vol. 1, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-8123.2001.00013.x	journal	May 2001
Multiple stages of aqueous alteration along fractures in mudstone and sandstone strata in Gale Crater, Mars Yen, A. S.; Ming, D. W.; Vaniman, D. T. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 471 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.04.033	journal	August 2017
Deposition, exhumation, and paleoclimate of an ancient lake deposit, Gale crater, Mars Grotzinger, J. P.; Gupta, S.; Malin, M. C. Science, Vol. 350, Issue 6257 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aac7575	journal	October 2015
Mars Science Laboratory Mission and Science Investigation Grotzinger, John P.; Crisp, Joy; Vasavada, Ashwin R. Space Science Reviews, Vol. 170, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-012-9892-2	journal	July 2012
The origin of fibrous veins: constraints from geochemistry Elburg, Marlina A.; Bons, Paul D.; Foden, John Geological Society, London, Special Publications, Vol. 200, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2001.200.01.07	journal	January 2002
Biogenicity of Earth's earliest fossils: A resolution of the controversy Schopf, J. William; Kudryavtsev, Anatoliy B. Gondwana Research, Vol. 22, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2012.07.003	journal	November 2012
Assessment of Aeolis Palus stratigraphic relationships based on bench-forming strata in the Kylie and the Kimberley regions of Gale crater, Mars Williams, Rebecca M. E.; Malin, Michael C.; Stack, Kathryn M. Icarus, Vol. 309 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2018.02.028	journal	July 2018
The structure and evolution of ancient impact basins on Mars Schultz, Peter H.; Schultz, Richard A.; Rogers, John Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 87, Issue B12 https://doi.org/10.1029/JB087iB12p09803	journal	January 1982
Late-stage diagenetic concretions in the Murray formation, Gale crater, Mars Sun, Vivian Z.; Stack, Kathryn M.; Kah, Linda C. Icarus, Vol. 321 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2018.12.030	journal	March 2019
Geometry and formation of gypsum veins in mudstones at Watchet, Somerset, SW England Philipp, Sonja L. Geological Magazine, Vol. 145, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756808005451	journal	August 2008
Calibration of the Mars Science Laboratory Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer Campbell, John L.; Perrett, Glynis M.; Gellert, Ralf Space Science Reviews, Vol. 170, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-012-9873-5	journal	April 2012
Fluid overpressure estimates from the aspect ratios of mineral veins Philipp, Sonja L. Tectonophysics, Vol. 581 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2012.01.015	journal	December 2012
Evidence for hydraulic fracturing at Gale crater, Mars: Implications for burial depth of the Yellowknife Bay formation Caswell, Tess E.; Milliken, Ralph E. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 468 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.03.033	journal	June 2017
Alternative origins for nannobacteria-like objects in calcite Kirkland, Brenda L.; Leo Lynch, F.; Rahnis, Michael A. Geology, Vol. 27, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0347:AOFNLO>2.3.CO;2	journal	January 1999
In situ stress measurements by hydraulic fracturing for a rock mass with many planes of weakness Hayashi, Kazuo; Sato, Akira; Ito, Takatoshi International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, Vol. 34, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1365-1609(97)80032-9	journal	January 1997
Curiosity’s Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) Investigation Edgett, Kenneth S.; Yingst, R. Aileen; Ravine, Michael A. Space Science Reviews, Vol. 170, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-012-9910-4	journal	July 2012
The ChemCam Instrument Suite on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Rover: Science Objectives and Mast Unit Description Maurice, S.; Wiens, R. C.; Saccoccio, M. Space Science Reviews, Vol. 170, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-012-9912-2	journal	July 2012
The stopping of a rising, liquid-filled crack in the Earth's crust by a freely slipping horizontal joint Weertman, J. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 85, Issue B2 https://doi.org/10.1029/JB085iB02p00967	journal	January 1980
Models of quartz overgrowth and vein formation: Deformation and episodic fluid flow in an ancient subduction zone Fisher, Donald M.; Brantley, Susan L. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 97, Issue B13 https://doi.org/10.1029/92JB01582	journal	January 1992
Wind-blown sandstones cemented by sulfate and clay minerals in Gale Crater, Mars Milliken, R. E.; Ewing, R. C.; Fischer, W. W. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 41, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL059097	journal	February 2014
ChemCam activities and discoveries during the nominal mission of the Mars Science Laboratory in Gale crater, Mars Maurice, S.; Clegg, S. M.; Wiens, R. C. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, Vol. 31, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5JA00417A	journal	January 2016
Polygonal cracks in bedrock on Earth and Mars: Implications for weathering Chan, Marjorie A.; Yonkee, W. Adolph; Netoff, Dennis I. Icarus, Vol. 194, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2007.09.026	journal	March 2008
Paleoclimate of Mars as captured by the stratigraphic record in Gale Crater: STRATIGRAPHY OF GALE CRATER Milliken, R. E.; Grotzinger, J. P.; Thomson, B. J. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 37, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL041870	journal	February 2010
Shaler: in situ analysis of a fluvial sedimentary deposit on Mars Edgar, Lauren A.; Gupta, Sanjeev; Rubin, David M. Sedimentology, Vol. 65, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12370	journal	June 2017
Provenance and diagenesis of the evaporite-bearing Burns formation, Meridiani Planum, Mars McLennan, S. M.; Bell, J. F.; Calvin, W. M. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 240, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2005.09.041	journal	November 2005
Gale crater: the Mars Science Laboratory/Curiosity Rover Landing Site Wray, James J. International Journal of Astrobiology, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1017/S1473550412000328	journal	September 2012
Microstructural observations on natural syntectonic fibrous veins: implications for the growth process Hilgers, Christoph; Urai, Janos L. Tectonophysics, Vol. 352, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00185-3	journal	August 2002
Porosity and pressure: Role of compaction disequilibrium in the development of geopressures in a Gulf Coast Pleistocene basin Hart, B. S.; Flemings, P. B.; Deshpande, A. Geology, Vol. 23, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0045:PAPROC>2.3.CO;2	journal	January 1995
Redox stratification of an ancient lake in Gale crater, Mars Hurowitz, J. A.; Grotzinger, J. P.; Fischer, W. W. Science, Vol. 356, Issue 6341 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aah6849	journal	June 2017
Deconvolution of distinct lithology chemistry through oversampling with the Mars Science Laboratory Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer: Deconvolution of distinct lithology chemistry with the MSL APXS VanBommel, Scott J.; Gellert, Ralf; Berger, Jeff A. X-Ray Spectrometry, Vol. 45, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/xrs.2681	journal	February 2016
The ChemCam Instrument Suite on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Rover: Body Unit and Combined System Tests Wiens, Roger C.; Maurice, Sylvestre; Barraclough, Bruce Space Science Reviews, Vol. 170, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-012-9902-4	journal	June 2012
Propagation pathways and fluid transport of hydrofractures in jointed and layered rocks in geothermal fields Gudmundsson, Agust; Fjeldskaar, Ingrid; Brenner, Sonja L. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, Vol. 116, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(02)00225-1	journal	August 2002
The Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover Mastcam instruments: Preflight and in-flight calibration, validation, and data archiving : MSL/Mastcam Calibration Bell, J. F.; Godber, A.; McNair, S. Earth and Space Science, Vol. 4, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/2016EA000219	journal	July 2017
The formation of antitaxial calcite veins with well-developed fibres, Oppaminda Creek, South Australia Bons, Paul D.; Montenari, Michael Journal of Structural Geology, Vol. 27, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2004.08.009	journal	February 2005
Crystallization pressure versus “crack seal” as the mechanism for banded veins Wiltschko, David V.; Morse, John W. Geology, Vol. 29, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0079:CPVCSA>2.0.CO;2	journal	January 2001
The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Mast cameras and Descent imager: Investigation and instrument descriptions: MSL Mastcam/MARDI Descriptions Malin, Michal C.; Ravine, Michael A.; Caplinger, Michael A. Earth and Space Science, Vol. 4, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/2016EA000252	journal	August 2017
Diagenetic silica enrichment and late-stage groundwater activity in Gale crater, Mars: Silica Enriching Diagenesis, Gale, Mars Frydenvang, J.; Gasda, P. J.; Hurowitz, J. A. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 44, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL073323	journal	May 2017
Antitaxial crack-seal vein microstructures and their relationship to displacement paths Cox, Stephen F. Journal of Structural Geology, Vol. 9, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(87)90079-4	journal	January 1987
First detection of fluorine on Mars: Implications for Gale Crater's geochemistry: First detection of fluorine on Mars Forni, Olivier; Gaft, Michael; Toplis, Michael J. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 42, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062742	journal	February 2015
Biogenic Iron-Rich Filaments in the Quartz Veins in the Uppermost Ediacaran Qigebulake Formation, Aksu Area, Northwestern Tarim Basin, China: Implications for Iron Oxidizers in Subseafloor Hydrothermal Systems Zhou, Xiqiang; Chen, Daizhao; Tang, Dongjie Astrobiology, Vol. 15, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2014.1234	journal	July 2015
Evidence of ancient life at 207 m depth in a granitic aquife Pedersen, Karsten; Ekendahl, Susanne; Tullborg, Eva-Lena Geology, Vol. 25, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1997)025<0827:EOALAM>2.3.CO;2	journal	January 1997
The crack–seal mechanism of rock deformation Ramsay, John G. Nature, Vol. 284, Issue 5752 https://doi.org/10.1038/284135a0	journal	March 1980
Phase-field modeling of epitaxial growth of polycrystalline quartz veins in hydrothermal experiments Wendler, F.; Okamoto, A.; Blum, P. Geofluids, Vol. 16, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/gfl.12144	journal	August 2015
Rock fractures in geological processes (Ed.), Philipp, Sonja L.; (Ed.), Acocella, Valerio Univ.-Verl. Göttingen, Göttingen https://doi.org/10.23689/fidgeo-3450	text	January 2013
Phase-field modeling of epitaxial growth of polycrystalline quartz veins in hydrothermal experiments Wendler, F.; Okamoto, A.; Blum, Philipp Karlsruhe https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000057615	text	January 2016
Geometry and formation of gypsum veins in mudstones at Watchet, Somerset, SW England Philipp, Sonja L. FID GEO https://doi.org/10.23689/fidgeo-2667	text	January 2008
Geological Analysis of Martian Rover-Derived Digital Outcrop Models Using the 3-D Visualization Tool, Planetary Robotics 3-D Viewer—PRo3D Barnes, Robert; Gupta, Sanjeev; Traxler, Christoph ETH Zurich https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000282788	text	January 2018
Rock Fractures in Geological Processes Scarpato, D. J. Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, Vol. 19, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.19.4.396	journal	October 2013

Similar Records

Late-stage diagenetic concretions in the Murray formation, Gale crater, Mars

Journal Article · Thu Dec 13 00:00:00 EST 2018 · Icarus · OSTI ID:1734722

Sun, Vivian Z.; Stack, Kathryn M.; Kah, Linda C.; +9 more

Using ChemCam LIBS data to constrain grain size in rocks on Mars: Proof of concept and application to rocks at Yellowknife Bay and Pahrump Hills, Gale crater

Journal Article · Tue Oct 30 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Icarus · OSTI ID:1734722

Rivera-Hernández, Frances; Sumner, Dawn Y.; Mangold, Nicolas; +9 more

Chemistry of diagenetic features analyzed by ChemCam at Pahrump Hills, Gale crater, Mars

Journal Article · Fri Sep 01 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Icarus · OSTI ID:1734722

Nachon, M.; Mangold, N.; Forni, O.; +25 more

Related Subjects

58 GEOSCIENCES
planetary sciences
hydrofracture
fluid flow
postdepositional diagenesis
veins
Gale crater
Mars
multigenerational

Title: Mineral-Filled Fractures as Indicators of Multigenerational Fluid Flow in the Pahrump Hills Member of the Murray Formation, Gale Crater, Mars

Citation Formats

References (74)

Similar Records

Related Subjects