An 800-million-solar-mass black hole in a significantly neutral Universe at a redshift of 7.5

Bañados, Eduardo; Venemans, Bram P.; Mazzucchelli, Chiara; Farina, Emanuele P.; Walter, Fabian; Wang, Feige; Decarli, Roberto; Stern, Daniel; Fan, Xiaohui; Davies, Frederick B.; Hennawi, Joseph F.; Simcoe, Robert A.; Turner, Monica L.; Rix, Hans-Walter; Yang, Jinyi; Kelson, Daniel D.; Rudie, Gwen C.; Winters, Jan Martin

doi:10.1038/nature25180

Title: An 800-million-solar-mass black hole in a significantly neutral Universe at a redshift of 7.5

Journal Article · Wed Dec 06 00:00:00 EST 2017 · Nature (London)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/nature25180· OSTI ID:1543732

Bañados, Eduardo ^[1]; Venemans, Bram P. ^[2]; Mazzucchelli, Chiara ^[2]; Farina, Emanuele P. ^[2]; Walter, Fabian ^[2]; Wang, Feige ^[3]; Decarli, Roberto ^[4]; Stern, Daniel ^[5]; Fan, Xiaohui ^[6]; Davies, Frederick B. ^[7]; Hennawi, Joseph F. ^[7]; Simcoe, Robert A. ^[8]; Turner, Monica L. ^[9]; Rix, Hans-Walter ^[2]; Yang, Jinyi ^[3]; Kelson, Daniel D. ^[1]; Rudie, Gwen C. ^[1]; Winters, Jan Martin ^[10]

The Observatories of the Carnegie Inst. for Science, Pasadena, CA (United States)
Max Planck Inst. für Astronomie, Heidelberg (Germany)
Peking Univ., Beijing (China)
Max Planck Inst. für Astronomie, Heidelberg (Germany); Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Bologna (Italy)
California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), La Canada Flintridge, CA (United States). Jet Propulsion Lab.
Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States)
Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States)
MIT-Kavli Center for Astrophysics and Space Research, Cambridge, MA (United States)
MIT-Kavli Center for Astrophysics and Space Research, Cambridge, MA (United States); Las Cumbres Observatory, Goleta, CA (United States)
Inst. de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), Saint Martin d’Hères (France)

Quasars are the most luminous non-transient objects known and as a result they enable studies of the Universe at the earliest cosmic epochs. Despite extensive efforts, however, the quasar ULAS J1120 + 0641 at redshift z = 7.09 has remained the only one known at z > 7 for more than half a decade. Here we report observations of the quasar ULAS J134208.10 + 092838.61 (hereafter J1342 + 0928) at redshift z = 7.54. This quasar has a bolometric luminosity of 4 × 10¹³ times the luminosity of the Sun and a black-hole mass of 8 × 10⁸ solar masses. The existence of this supermassive black hole when the Universe was only 690 million years old—just five per cent of its current age—reinforces models of early black-hole growth that allow black holes with initial masses of more than about 104 solar masses or episodic hyper-Eddington accretion. We see strong evidence of absorption of the spectrum of the quasar redwards of the Lyman α emission line (the Gunn–Peterson damping wing), as would be expected if a significant amount (more than 10 per cent) of the hydrogen in the intergalactic medium surrounding J1342 + 0928 is neutral. We derive such a significant fraction of neutral hydrogen, although the exact fraction depends on the modelling. However, even in our most conservative analysis we find a fraction of more than 0.33 (0.11) at 68 per cent (95 per cent) probability, indicating that we are probing well within the reionization epoch of the Universe.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

OSTI ID:: 1543732

Journal Information:: Nature (London), Vol. 553, Issue 7689; ISSN 0028-0836

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 596 works

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CO (7−6), [C i] 370 μ m, and [N ii] 205 μ m Line Emission of the QSO BRI 1335-0417 at Redshift 4.407 Lu, Nanyao; Cao, Tianwen; Díaz-Santos, Tanio The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 864, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aad3c9	journal	August 2018
Quantitative Constraints on the Reionization History from the IGM Damping Wing Signature in Two Quasars at z > 7 Davies, Frederick B.; Hennawi, Joseph F.; Bañados, Eduardo The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 864, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aad6dc	journal	September 2018
Dust Emission in an Accretion-rate-limited Sample of z ≳ 6 Quasars Venemans, Bram P.; Decarli, Roberto; Walter, Fabian The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 866, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aadf35	journal	October 2018
CHORUS. II. Subaru/HSC Determination of the Ly α Luminosity Function at z = 7.0: Constraints on Cosmic Reionization Model Parameter Itoh, Ryohei; Ouchi, Masami; Zhang, Haibin The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 867, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aadfe4	journal	October 2018
First Spectroscopic Study of a Young Quasar Eilers, Anna-Christina; Hennawi, Joseph F.; Davies, Frederick B. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 867, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aae081	journal	October 2018
Modeling the Radio Background from the First Black Holes at Cosmic Dawn: Implications for the 21 cm Absorption Amplitude Ewall-Wice, A.; Chang, T. -C.; Lazio, J. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 868, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aae51d	journal	November 2018
Super-Eddington Accretion in the WISE -selected Extremely Luminous Infrared Galaxy W2246−0526 Tsai, Chao-Wei; Eisenhardt, Peter R. M.; Jun, Hyunsung D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 868, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aae698	journal	November 2018
Subaru High- z Exploration of Low-luminosity Quasars (SHELLQs). V. Quasar Luminosity Function and Contribution to Cosmic Reionization at z = 6 Matsuoka, Yoshiki; Strauss, Michael A.; Kashikawa, Nobunari The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 869, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaee7a	journal	December 2018
The Infrared Medium-deep Survey. VI. Discovery of Faint Quasars at z ∼ 5 with a Medium-band-based Approach Kim, Yongjung; Im, Myungshin; Jeon, Yiseul The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 870, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaf387	journal	January 2019
Filling in the Quasar Redshift Gap at z ∼ 5.5. II. A Complete Survey of Luminous Quasars in the Post-reionization Universe Yang, Jinyi; Wang, Feige; Fan, Xiaohui The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 871, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaf858	journal	January 2019
The Extremely Luminous Quasar Survey in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Footprint. III. The South Galactic Cap Sample and the Quasar Luminosity Function at Cosmic Noon Schindler, Jan-Torge; Fan, Xiaohui; McGreer, Ian D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 871, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaf86c	journal	February 2019
On Constraining the Growth History of Massive Black Holes via Their Distribution on the Spin–Mass Plane Zhang, Xiaoxia; Lu, Youjun The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 873, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab06c6	journal	March 2019
Heating of the Intergalactic Medium by Hydrogen Reionization D’Aloisio, Anson; McQuinn, Matthew; Maupin, Oliver The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 874, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab0d83	journal	April 2019
Reverberation Mapping of the Narrow-line Seyfert 1 Galaxy I Zwicky 1: Black Hole Mass Huang, Ying-Ke; Hu, Chen; Zhao, Yu-Lin The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 876, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab16ef	journal	May 2019
Constraining the Neutral Fraction of Hydrogen in the IGM at Redshift 7.5 Hoag, A.; Bradač, M.; Huang, K. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 878, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab1de7	journal	June 2019
Discovery of Two Quasars at z = 5 from the OGLE Survey Kozłowski, Szymon; Bañados, Eduardo; Udalski, A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 878, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab20d1	journal	June 2019
Near-infrared Spectroscopy of Galaxies During Reionization: Measuring C iii] in a Galaxy at z = 7.5 Hutchison, Taylor A.; Papovich, Casey; Finkelstein, Steven L. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 879, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab22a2	journal	July 2019
High Star Formation Rates of Low Eddington Ratio Quasars at z ≳ 6 Kim, Yongjung; Im, Myungshin The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 879, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab25ee	journal	July 2019
Spatially Resolved Interstellar Medium and Highly Excited Dense Molecular Gas in the Most Luminous Quasar at z = 6.327 Wang, Feige; Wang, Ran; Fan, Xiaohui The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 880, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab2717	journal	July 2019
Ly α Halos around z ∼ 6 Quasars Drake, Alyssa B.; Farina, Emanuele Paolo; Neeleman, Marcel The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 881, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab2984	journal	August 2019
An ALMA Multiline Survey of the Interstellar Medium of the Redshift 7.5 Quasar Host Galaxy J1342+0928 Novak, Mladen; Bañados, Eduardo; Decarli, Roberto The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 881, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab2beb	journal	August 2019
Spectral Energy Distributions of Companion Galaxies to z ∼ 6 Quasars Mazzucchelli, C.; Decarli, R.; Farina, E. P. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 881, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab2f75	journal	August 2019
Heavy Element Absorption Systems at 5.0 < z < 6.8: Metal-poor Neutral Gas and a Diminishing Signature of Highly Ionized Circumgalactic Matter Cooper, Thomas J.; Simcoe, Robert A.; Cooksey, Kathy L. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 882, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab3402	journal	September 2019
The VLT Interferometric Measurements of Active Galactic Nuclei: Effects of Angular Momentum Distributions of Clouds in the Broad-line Region Songsheng, Yu-Yang; Wang, Jian-Min; Li, Yan-Rong The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 883, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab3c5e	journal	October 2019
The Evolution of O i over 3.2 < z < 6.5: Reionization of the Circumgalactic Medium Becker, George D.; Pettini, Max; Rafelski, Marc The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 883, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab3eb5	journal	October 2019
A Metal-poor Damped Ly α System at Redshift 6.4 Bañados, Eduardo; Rauch, Michael; Decarli, Roberto The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 885, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab4129	journal	October 2019
A Global Solution to a Slim Accretion Disk with Radiation-driven Outflows Feng, Junjie; Cao, Xinwu; Gu, Wei-Min The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 885, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab4592	journal	November 2019
The Role of Gas Fragmentation During the Formation of Supermassive Black Holes Suazo, Matías; Prieto, Joaquín; Escala, Andrés The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 885, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab45eb	journal	November 2019
High-redshift Galaxy Formation with Self-consistently Modeled Stars and Massive Black Holes: Stellar Feedback and Quasar Growth Kim, Ji-hoon; Wise, John H.; Abel, Tom The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 887, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab510b	journal	December 2019
Submillimeter Signatures from Growing Supermassive Black Holes before Reionization Vasiliev, Evgenii O.; Shchekinov, Yuri A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 887, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab5522	journal	December 2019
The REQUIEM Survey. I. A Search for Extended Ly α Nebular Emission Around 31 z > 5.7 Quasars Farina, Emanuele Paolo; Arrigoni-Battaia, Fabrizio; Costa, Tiago The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 887, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab5847	journal	December 2019
Model-independent Distance Calibration and Curvature Measurement Using Quasars and Cosmic Chronometers Wei, Jun-Jie; Melia, Fulvio The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 888, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab5e7d	journal	January 2020
The unWISE Catalog: Two Billion Infrared Sources from Five Years of WISE Imaging Schlafly, Edward F.; Meisner, Aaron M.; Green, Gregory M. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 240, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/aafbea	journal	February 2019
Chandra X-Rays from the Redshift 7.54 Quasar ULAS J1342+0928 Bañados, Eduardo; Connor, Thomas; Stern, Daniel The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 856, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aab61e	journal	March 2018
The Discovery of a Gravitationally Lensed Quasar at z = 6.51 Fan, Xiaohui; Wang, Feige; Yang, Jinyi The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 870, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aaeffe	journal	January 2019
The Discovery of a Luminous Broad Absorption Line Quasar at a Redshift of 7.02 Wang, Feige; Yang, Jinyi; Fan, Xiaohui The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 869, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aaf1d2	journal	December 2018
On the Detection of Supermassive Primordial Stars Surace, Marco; Whalen, Daniel J.; Hartwig, Tilman The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 869, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aaf80d	journal	December 2018
Discovery of the First Low-luminosity Quasar at z > 7 Matsuoka, Yoshiki; Onoue, Masafusa; Kashikawa, Nobunari The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 872, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab0216	journal	February 2019
400 pc Imaging of a Massive Quasar Host Galaxy at a Redshift of 6.6 Venemans, Bram P.; Neeleman, Marcel; Walter, Fabian The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 874, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab11cc	journal	April 2019
Forming supermassive black holes like J1342+0928 (invoking dark matter) in early universe Sivaram, C.; Kenath, Arun; Kiren, O. V. Astrophysics and Space Science, Vol. 363, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-018-3258-5	journal	January 2018
Titans of the early Universe: The Prato statement on the origin of the first supermassive black holes Woods, Tyrone E.; Agarwal, Bhaskar; Bromm, Volker Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia, Vol. 36 https://doi.org/10.1017/pasa.2019.14	journal	January 2019
The Lynx X-ray Surveyor Özel, Feryal Nature Astronomy, Vol. 2, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-018-0548-3	journal	August 2018
The X-shooter GRB afterglow legacy sample (XS-GRB) Selsing, J.; Malesani, D.; Goldoni, P. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 623 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201832835	journal	March 2019
Confirmation of double peaked Ly α emission at z = 6.593 : Witnessing a galaxy directly contributing to the reionisation of the Universe⋆⋆⋆ Matthee, Jorryt; Sobral, David; Gronke, Max Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 619 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833528	journal	November 2018
Discovery of the first heavily obscured QSO candidate at z > 6 in a close galaxy pair Vito, F.; Brandt, W. N.; Bauer, F. E. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 628 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935924	journal	August 2019
Proto-jet configurations in RADs orbiting a Kerr SMBH: symmetries and limiting surfaces Pugliese, D.; Stuchlík, Z. Classical and Quantum Gravity, Vol. 35, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/aab99d	journal	April 2018
Primordial black holes as generators of cosmic structures Carr, Bernard; Silk, Joseph Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 478, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1204	journal	May 2018
Rise of the first supermassive stars Regan, John A.; Downes, Turlough P. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 478, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1289	journal	June 2018
Gas outflows from the z = 7.54 quasar: predictions from the BlueTides simulation Ni, Yueying; Di Matteo, Tiziana; Feng, Yu Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 481, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2616	journal	September 2018
Two more, bright, z > 6 quasars from VST ATLAS and WISE Chehade, B.; Carnall, A. C.; Shanks, T. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 478, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty690	journal	March 2018
Evidence for short ∼ 1 Myr lifetimes from the He ii proximity zones of z ∼ 4 quasars Khrykin, Ilya S.; Hennawi, Joseph F.; Worseck, Gábor Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 484, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz135	journal	January 2019
Evolution of the AGN UV luminosity function from redshift 7.5 Kulkarni, Girish; Worseck, Gábor; Hennawi, Joseph F. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 488, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1493	journal	June 2019
Intermittent fragmentation and statistical variations during gas collapse in magnetized atomic cooling haloes Grete, P.; Latif, M. A.; Schleicher, D. R. G. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 487, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1568	journal	June 2019
High-redshift quasars and their host galaxies – I. Kinematical and dynamical properties and their tracers Lupi, Alessandro; Volonteri, Marta; Decarli, Roberto Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 488, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1959	journal	July 2019
A model for a dark matter core at the Galactic Centre Boshkayev, K.; Malafarina, D. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 484, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz219	journal	January 2019
Growth of intermediate mass black holes by tidal disruption events in the first star clusters Sakurai, Yuya; Yoshida, Naoki; Fujii, Michiko S. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 484, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz315	journal	January 2019
Resolved Lyman-α properties of a luminous Lyman-break galaxy in a large ionized bubble at z = 6.53 Matthee, Jorryt; Sobral, David; Gronke, Max Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 492, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz3554	journal	December 2019
The first supermassive black holes: indications from models for future observations Amarantidis, Stergios; Afonso, José; Messias, Hugo Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 485, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz551	journal	February 2019
Black hole formation in the context of dissipative dark matter Latif, M. A.; Lupi, A.; Schleicher, D. R. G. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 485, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz608	journal	March 2019
Inferences on the timeline of reionization at z ∼ 8 from the KMOS Lens-Amplified Spectroscopic Survey Mason, Charlotte A.; Fontana, Adriano; Treu, Tommaso Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 485, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz632	journal	March 2019
Detections of [O iii] 88 μm in two quasars in the reionization epoch Hashimoto, Takuya; Inoue, Akio K.; Tamura, Yoichi Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, Vol. 71, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psz094	journal	September 2019
Spectral Distortions in CMB by the Bulk Comptonization Due to Zeldovich Pancakes Bisnovatyi-Kogan, G. S. Astronomy Reports, Vol. 63, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063772919070011	journal	July 2019
Subjecting Dark Matter Candidates to the Cluster Test Nieuwenhuizen, Theodorus Maria Fluctuation and Noise Letters, Vol. 19, Issue 02 https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219477520500169	journal	November 2019
Results from EDGES High-Band. III. New Constraints on Parameters of the Early Universe Monsalve, Ra; Fialkov, A.; Bowman, Jd Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.46450	text	January 2019
The Universe Is Reionizing at z ∼ 7: Bayesian Inference of the IGM Neutral Fraction Using Ly α Emission from Galaxies Mason, Charlotte A.; Treu, Tommaso; Dijkstra, Mark The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 856, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aab0a7	journal	March 2018
The Extremely Luminous Quasar Survey in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Footprint. II. The North Galactic Cap Sample Schindler, Jan-Torge; Fan, Xiaohui; McGreer, Ian D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 863, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aad2dd	journal	August 2018
Predicting Quasar Continua near Ly α with Principal Component Analysis Davies, Frederick B.; Hennawi, Joseph F.; Bañados, Eduardo The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 864, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aad7f8	journal	September 2018
Constraining the Tail End of Reionization Using Ly α Transmission Spikes Garaldi, Enrico; Gnedin, Nickolay Y.; Madau, Piero The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 876, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab12dc	journal	April 2019
Subaru High- z Exploration of Low-luminosity Quasars (SHELLQs). VI. Black Hole Mass Measurements of Six Quasars at 6.1 ≤ z ≤ 6.7 Onoue, Masafusa; Kashikawa, Nobunari; Matsuoka, Yoshiki The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 880, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab29e9	journal	July 2019
Exploring Reionization-era Quasars. III. Discovery of 16 Quasars at 6.4 ≲ z ≲ 6.9 with DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys and the UKIRT Hemisphere Survey and Quasar Luminosity Function at z ∼ 6.7 Wang, Feige; Yang, Jinyi; Fan, Xiaohui The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 884, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab2be5	journal	October 2019
A Catastrophic Failure to Build a Massive Galaxy around a Supermassive Black Hole at z = 3.84 Schramm, M.; Rujopakarn, W.; Silverman, J. D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 881, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab2cd3	journal	August 2019
Growth of Massive Black Holes at High- z via Accretion Predominantly Driven by Magnetic Outflows Li, Jiawen; Cao, Xinwu The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 886, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab4c36	journal	November 2019
Subaru High- z Exploration of Low-luminosity Quasars (SHELLQs). IV. Discovery of 41 Quasars and Luminous Galaxies at 5.7 ≤ z ≤ 6.9 Matsuoka, Yoshiki; Iwasawa, Kazushi; Onoue, Masafusa The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 237, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/aac724	journal	July 2018
Most Lensed Quasars at z > 6 are Missed by Current Surveys Pacucci, Fabio; Loeb, Abraham The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 870, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aaf86a	journal	January 2019
Evidence for Low Radiative Efficiency or Highly Obscured Growth of z > 7 Quasars Davies, Frederick B.; Hennawi, Joseph F.; Eilers, Anna-Christina The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 884, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab42e3	journal	October 2019
The Galaxy’s Gas Content Regulated by the Dark Matter Halo Mass Results in a Superlinear M _BH – M _⋆ Relation Delvecchio, I.; Daddi, E.; Shankar, F. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 885, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab4e21	journal	November 2019
Cosmological constraints from the Hubble diagram of quasars at high redshifts Risaliti, G.; Lusso, E. Nature Astronomy, Vol. 3, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-018-0657-z	journal	January 2019
The dense molecular gas in the z ∼ 6 QSO SDSS J231038.88+185519.7 resolved by ALMA Feruglio, C.; Fiore, F.; Carniani, S. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 619 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833174	journal	November 2018
The X-ray properties of z > 6 quasars: no evident evolution of accretion physics in the first Gyr of the Universe Vito, F.; Brandt, W. N.; Bauer, F. E. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 630 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936217	journal	October 2019
Fuzzy dark matter at cosmic dawn: new 21-cm constraints Nebrin, Olof; Ghara, Raghunath; Mellema, Garrelt Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2019, Issue 04 https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2019/04/051	journal	April 2019
Massive black hole and Population III galaxy formation in overmassive dark-matter haloes with violent merger histories Inayoshi, Kohei; Li, Miao; Haiman, Zoltán Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 479, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1720	journal	June 2018
Cosmological test using the high-redshift detection rate of FSRQs with the Square Kilometre Array Leaf, Kyle; Melia, Fulvio Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 487, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1396	journal	May 2019
Catalogues of active galactic nuclei from Gaia and unWISE data Shu, Yiping; Koposov, Sergey E.; Evans, N. Wyn Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 489, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2487	journal	September 2019
A full treatment of peculiar velocities on the reionization light cone Chapman, Emma; Santos, Mario G. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 490, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2663	journal	September 2019
Supermassive black holes in the early Universe Melia, F.; McClintock, T. M. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 471, Issue 2184 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2015.0449	journal	December 2015
Modelling the observed luminosity function and clustering evolution of Ly α emitters: Growing evidence for late reionization Weinberger, Lh; Haehnelt, Mg; Kulkarni, G. Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.37112	text	January 2019
Radiation Hydrodynamical Simulations of the First Quasars Smidt, Joseph; Whalen, Daniel J.; Johnson, Jarrett L. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 865, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aad7b8	journal	September 2018
Monitoring AGNs with H β Asymmetry. I. First Results: Velocity-resolved Reverberation Mapping Du, Pu; Brotherton, Michael S.; Wang, Kai The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 869, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaed2c	journal	December 2018
ALMA and HST Kiloparsec-scale Imaging of a Quasar-galaxy Merger at Z ≈ 6.2 Decarli, Roberto; Dotti, Massimo; Bañados, Eduardo The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 880, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab297f	journal	August 2019
Rapidly Accreting Black Hole of the Ly α -luminous Quasar PSOJ006.1240+39.2219 Koptelova, Ekaterina; Hwang, Chorng-Yuan; Malkan, Matthew A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 882, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab341b	journal	September 2019
Resolving the Interstellar Medium in the Nuclear Region of Two z = 5.78 Quasar Host Galaxies with ALMA Wang, Ran; Shao, Yali; Carilli, Chris L. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 887, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab4d4b	journal	December 2019
Resolving the Interstellar Medium in Ultraluminous Infrared QSO Hosts with ALMA Tan, Qing-Hua; Gao, Yu; Kohno, Kotaro The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 887, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab50be	journal	December 2019
The z = 7.54 Quasar ULAS J1342+0928 Is Hosted by a Galaxy Merger Bañados, Eduardo; Novak, Mladen; Neeleman, Marcel The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 881, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab3659	journal	August 2019
The route to massive black hole formation via merger-driven direct collapse: a review Lucio, Mayer,; Silvia, Bonoli, IOP Publishing https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-166684	interactiveresource	January 2019
The 500 ks Chandra observation of the z = 6.31 QSO SDSS J1030 + 0524 Nanni, R.; Gilli, R.; Vignali, C. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 614 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201832694	journal	June 2018
Black hole mergers induced by tidal encounters with a galactic centre black hole Fernández, Joseph John; Kobayashi, Shiho Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 487, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1353	journal	May 2019
New synthesis models of consistent extragalactic background light over cosmic time Khaire, Vikram; Srianand, Raghunathan Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 484, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz174	journal	January 2019
Constraints on reionization from the z = 7.5 QSO ULASJ1342+0928 Greig, Bradley; Mesinger, Andrei; Bañados, Eduardo Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 484, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz230	journal	January 2019
Subaru High-z Exploration of Low-Luminosity Quasars (SHELLQs). VIII. A less biased view of the early co-evolution of black holes and host galaxies Izumi, Takuma; Onoue, Masafusa; Matsuoka, Yoshiki Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, Vol. 71, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psz096	journal	September 2019
Clusters of Primordial Black Holes Belotsky, Konstantin M.; Dokuchaev, Vyacheslav I.; Eroshenko, Yury N. The European Physical Journal C, Vol. 79, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-6741-4	journal	March 2019
The dense molecular gas in the z ∼ 6 QSO SDSS J231038.88+185519.7 resolved by ALMA Feruglio, C.; Fiore, F.; Carniani, Stefano Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.26786	text	January 2018
A new bright z = 6.82 quasar discovered with VISTA: VHS J0411-0907 Pons, Estelle; McMahon, Richard; Simcoe, Ra Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.36373	text	January 2019
Far-infrared Properties of the Bright, Gravitationally Lensed Quasar J0439+1634 at z = 6.5 Yang, Jinyi; Venemans, Bram; Wang, Feige The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 880, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab2a02	journal	August 2019
Beyond Optical Depth: Future Determination of Ionization History from the Cosmic Microwave Background Watts, D. J.; Addison, G. E.; Bennett, C. L. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 889, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab5fd5	journal	January 2020
Beacons into the Cosmic Dark Ages: Boosted Transmission of Ly α from UV Bright Galaxies at z ≳ 7 Mason, Charlotte A.; Treu, Tommaso; de Barros, Stephane The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 857, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aabbab	journal	April 2018
Supermassive black holes in the early universe Dietrich, M.; Hamann, F. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union, Vol. 2004, Issue IAUS222 https://doi.org/10.1017/s1743921304003084	journal	March 2004
Dwarf galaxies might not be the birth sites of supermassive black holes Mezcua, Mar Nature Astronomy, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-018-0662-2	journal	January 2019
The hidden satellites of massive galaxies and quasars at high redshift Costa, Tiago; Rosdahl, Joakim; Kimm, Taysun Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 489, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2471	journal	September 2019
Catalogues of active galactic nuclei from Gaia and unWISE data Shu, Yiping; Koposov, Sergey; Evans, Wyn Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.45142	text	January 2019
An ALMA [C ii] Survey of 27 Quasars at z > 5.94 Decarli, Roberto; Walter, Fabian; Venemans, Bram P. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 854, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaa5aa	journal	February 2018
Gemini GNIRS Near-infrared Spectroscopy of 50 Quasars at z ≳ 5.7 Shen, Yue; Wu, Jin; Jiang, Linhua The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 873, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab03d9	journal	March 2019
Reality or Mirage? Observational Test and Implications for the Claimed Extremely Magnified Quasar at z = 6.3 Pacucci, Fabio; Loeb, Abraham The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 889, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab6130	journal	January 2020
Supermassive black holes in the early universe Smith, Aaron; Bromm, Volker Contemporary Physics, Vol. 60, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1080/00107514.2019.1615715	journal	April 2019
The Ly α Luminosity Function and Cosmic Reionization at z ∼ 7.0: A Tale of Two LAGER Fields Hu, Weida; Wang, Junxian; Zheng, Zhen-Ya The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 886, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab4cf4	journal	November 2019
Two more, bright, z > 6 quasars from VST ATLAS and WISE Chehade, B.; Carnall, A. C.; Shanks, T. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1803.01424	text	January 2018
The Dramatic Size and Kinematic Evolution of Massive Early-Type Galaxies Lapi, A.; Pantoni, L.; Zanisi, L. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1803.04734	text	January 2018
Overview of the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys Dey, Arjun; Schlegel, David J.; Lang, Dustin arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1804.08657	text	January 2018
The Extremely Luminous Quasar Survey (ELQS) in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey footprint. II. The North Galactic Cap Sample Schindler, Jan-Torge; Fan, Xiaohui; McGreer, Ian D. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1806.03374	text	January 2018
Clusters of primordial black holes Belotsky, Konstantin M.; Dokuchaev, Vyacheslav I.; Eroshenko, Yury N. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1807.06590	text	January 2018
How Black Holes Stop Their Host Galaxy from Growing Without AGN Feedback Eastwood, Daniel S.; Khochfar, Sadegh arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1808.04377	text	January 2018
The Discovery of a Gravitationally Lensed Quasar at z = 6.51 Fan, Xiaohui; Wang, Feige; Yang, Jinyi arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1810.11924	text	January 2018
The Discovery of A Luminous Broad Absorption Line Quasar at A Redshift of 7.02 Wang, Feige; Yang, Jinyi; Fan, Xiaohui arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1810.11925	text	January 2018
Titans of the Early Universe: The Prato Statement on the Origin of the First Supermassive Black Holes Woods, Tyrone E.; Agarwal, Bhaskar; Bromm, Volker arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1810.12310	text	January 2018
Subaru High-z Exploration of Low-Luminosity Quasars (SHELLQs). V. Quasar Luminosity Function and Contribution to Cosmic Reionization at z = 6 Matsuoka, Yoshiki; Strauss, Michael A.; Kashikawa, Nobunari arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1811.01963	text	January 2018
The Infrared Medium-deep Survey. VI. Discovery of Faint Quasars at $z\sim5$ with a Medium-band-based Approach Kim, Yongjung; Im, Myungshin; Jeon, Yiseul arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1811.08606	text	January 2018
De Re Metallica: The cosmic chemical evolution of galaxies Maiolino, R.; Mannucci, F. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1811.09642	text	January 2018
A new bright z=6.82 quasar discovered with VISTA: VHS J0411-0907 Pons, Estelle; McMahon, Richard G.; Simcoe, Robert A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1812.02481	text	January 2018
Constraining the neutral fraction of hydrogen in the IGM at redshift 7.5 Hoag, Austin; Bradač, Maruša; Huang, Kuang-Han arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1901.09001	text	January 2019
Spectral distortions in CMB by the bulk Comptonization due to Zeldovich pancakes Bisnovatyi-Kogan, G. S. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1902.01113	text	January 2019
Magnetic braking of supermassive stars through winds Haemmerlé, Lionel; Meynet, Georges arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1903.00020	text	January 2019
The role of gas fragmentation during the formation of supermassive black holes Suazo, Matías; Prieto, Joaquín; Escala, Andrés arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1903.03637	text	January 2019
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of Galaxies During Reionization: Measuring C$\,$III] in a Galaxy at $\mathbf{z=7.5}$ Hutchison, Taylor A.; Papovich, Casey; Finkelstein, Steven L. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1905.08812	text	January 2019
ALMA and HST kiloparsec-scale imaging of a quasar-galaxy merger at $z\approx 6.2$ Decarli, Roberto; Dotti, Massimo; Bañados, Eduardo arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1906.05308	text	January 2019
The galaxy's gas content regulated by the dark matter halo mass results in a super-linear M$_{\rm BH}$-M$_{\star}$ relation Delvecchio, I.; Daddi, E.; Shankar, F. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1910.08114	text	January 2019
Stellar Properties of the Host Galaxy of an Ultraluminous X-ray Source in NGC 5252 Kim, Minjin; López, Kristhell M.; Jonker, Peter G. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2001.07927	text	January 2020

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