Radiation Hydrodynamical Simulations of the First Quasars

Smidt, Joseph; Whalen, Daniel J.; Johnson, Jarrett L.; Surace, Marco; Li, Hui

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aad7b8

Title: Radiation Hydrodynamical Simulations of the First Quasars

Journal Article · Fri Sep 28 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · The Astrophysical Journal (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aad7b8· OSTI ID:1505985

^[1];

^[2];

^[1]; Surace, Marco ^[2];

^[1]

Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Portsmouth University (United Kingdom)

Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are the central engines of luminous quasars and are found in most massive galaxies today. But the recent discoveries of ULAS J1120+0641, a 2 × 10⁹ $${M}_{\odot }$$ black hole (BH) at z = 7.1, and ULAS J1342+0928, a 8.0 × 10⁸ $${M}_{\odot }$$ BH at z = 7.5, now push the era of quasar formation up to just 690 Myr after the Big Bang. Here we report new cosmological simulations of SMBHs with X-rays fully coupled to primordial chemistry and hydrodynamics which show that J1120 and J1342 can form from direct collapse black holes if their growth is fed by cold, dense accretion streams, like those thought to fuel rapid star formation in some galaxies at later epochs. Our models reproduce all of the observed properties of J1120: its mass, luminosity, and H ii region as well as star formation rates and metallicities in its host galaxy. They also reproduce the dynamical mass of the innermost 1.5 kpc of its emission region recently measured by ALMA and J-band magnitudes that are in good agreement with those found by the VISTA Hemisphere Survey.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001; AC52-06NA25396

OSTI ID:: 1505985

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-16-28026

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal (Online), Vol. 865, Issue 2; ISSN 1538-4357

Publisher:: Institute of Physics (IOP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 35 works

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High-redshift supermassive black holes: accretion through cold flows Feng, Yu; Matteo, Tiziana Di; Croft, Rupert Carnegie Mellon University https://doi.org/10.1184/r1/6506927	text	January 2014
Driving gas shells with radiation pressure on dust in radiation-hydrodynamic simulations Costa, T.; Rosdahl, J.; Sijacki, Debora Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.24386	text	January 2018
The environment of bright QSOs at z̃6: Star-forming galaxies and X-ray emission Costa, T.; Sijacki, Debora; Trenti, M. Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.26855	text	January 2014
Black hole evolution – I. Supernova-regulated black hole growth Dubois, Yohan; Volonteri, Marta; Silk, Joseph Oxford University Press https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-121907	text	January 2015
Forming a primordial star in a relic HII region O'Shea, Brian W.; Abel, Tom; Whalen, Dan Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union, Vol. 1, Issue S228 https://doi.org/10.1017/s174392130500551x	journal	May 2005
Planck 2015 results : XVI. Isotropy and statistics of the CMB Ade, P. A. R.; Aghanim, N.; Akrami, Y. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 594 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201526681	journal	September 2016
Cold streams in early massive hot haloes as the main mode of galaxy formation Dekel, A.; Birnboim, Y.; Engel, G. Nature Publishing Group https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-30904	text	January 2009
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Eight new luminous z = 6 quasars discovered via SED model fitting of VISTA, WISE and Dark Energy Survey Year 1 observations Reed, Sl; McMahon, Rg; McMahon, Richard Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.21619	text	January 2017
Star formation at very low metallicity. I: Chemistry and cooling at low densities Glover, S. C. O.; Jappsen, A. -K. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0705.0182	text	January 2007
How the First Stars Regulated Local Star Formation I: Radiative Feedback Whalen, Daniel; O'Shea, Brian W.; Smidt, Joseph arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0708.1603	text	January 2007
Resolving the Formation of Protogalaxies. II. Central Gravitational Collapse Wise, John H.; Turk, Matthew J.; Abel, Tom arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0710.1678	text	January 2007
Uncertainties in H2 and HD Chemistry and Cooling and their Role in Early Structure Formation Glover, S. C. O.; Abel, T. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0803.1768	text	January 2008
A synthesis model for AGN evolution: supermassive black holes growth and feedback modes Merloni, Andrea; Heinz, Sebastian arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0805.2499	text	January 2008
Accretion onto Seed Black Holes in the First Galaxies Milosavljevic, Milos; Bromm, Volker; Couch, Sean M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0809.2404	text	January 2008
Accretion onto Intermediate-Mass Black Holes in Dense Protogalactic Clouds Milosavljevic, Milos; Couch, Sean M.; Bromm, Volker arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0812.2516	text	January 2008
Feedback from central black holes in elliptical galaxies. I: models with either radiative or mechanical feedback but not both Ciotti, L.; Ostriker, J. P.; Proga, D. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0901.1089	text	January 2009
Radiative and Kinetic Feedback by Low-Mass Primordial Stars Whalen, Daniel J.; Hueckstaedt, Robert M.; McConkie, Thomas arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0912.3622	text	January 2009
Effect of Streaming Motion of Baryons Relative to Dark Matter on the Formation of the First Stars Stacy, Athena; Bromm, Volker; Loeb, Abraham arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1011.4512	text	January 2010
Confined Population III Enrichment and the Prospects for Prompt Second-Generation Star Formation Ritter, Jeremy S.; Safranek-Shrader, Chalence; Gnat, Orly arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1203.2957	text	January 2012
Enzo: An Adaptive Mesh Refinement Code for Astrophysics Collaboration, The Enzo; Bryan, Greg L.; Norman, Michael L. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1307.2265	text	January 2013
Super-Critical Growth of Massive Black Holes from Stellar-Mass Seeds Madau, Piero; Haardt, Francesco; Dotti, Massimo arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1402.6995	text	January 2014
A Simple Technique for Predicting High-Redshift Galaxy Evolution Behroozi, Peter S.; Silk, Joseph arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1404.5299	text	January 2014
The impact of reionization on the formation of supermassive black hole seeds Johnson, Jarrett L.; Whalen, Daniel J.; Agarwal, Bhaskar arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1405.2081	text	January 2014
Feedback-regulated Super Massive Black Hole Seed Formation Dijkstra, Mark; Ferrara, Andrea; Mesinger, Andrei arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1405.6743	text	January 2014
Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters Collaboration, Planck; Ade, P. A. R.; Aghanim, N. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1502.01589	text	January 2015
Direct collapse black hole formation via high-velocity collisions of protogalaxies Inayoshi, Kohei; Visbal, Eli; Kashiyama, Kazumi arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1504.00676	text	January 2015
The First Population II Stars Formed in Externally Enriched Mini-halos Smith, Britton; Wise, John; O'Shea, Brian arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1504.07639	text	January 2015
The First Stars: formation under cosmic ray feedback Hummel, Jacob A.; Stacy, Athena; Bromm, Volker arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1602.06948	text	January 2016
Ab Initio Cosmological Simulations of CR7 as an Active Black Hole Smidt, Joseph; Wiggins, Brandon K.; Johnson, Jarrett L. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1603.00888	text	January 2016
The Final Fates of Accreting Supermassive Stars Umeda, Hideyuki; Hosokawa, Takashi; Omukai, Kazuyuki arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1609.04457	text	January 2016
How the First Stars Regulated Star Formation. II. Enrichment by Nearby Supernovae Chen, Ke-Jung; Whalen, Daniel J.; Wollenberg, Katharina M. J. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1610.00389	text	January 2016
The impact of ionizing radiation on the formation of a supermassive star in the early Universe Chon, Sunmyon; Latif, Muhammad A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1611.08594	text	January 2016
On the Maximum Mass of Accreting Primordial Supermassive Stars Woods, T. E.; Heger, Alexander; Whalen, Daniel J. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1703.07480	text	January 2017
The Evolution of Supermassive Population III Stars Haemmerlé, Lionel; Woods, Tyrone E.; Klessen, Ralf S. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1705.09301	text	January 2017
Quenching star formation with quasar outflows launched by trapped IR radiation Costa, Tiago; Rosdahl, Joakim; Sijacki, Debora arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1709.08638	text	January 2017
Collisions in Primordial Star Clusters: Formation Pathway for intermediate mass black holes Reinoso, B.; Schleicher, D. R. G.; Fellhauer, M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1801.05891	text	January 2018
The Growth of Black Holes from Population III Remnants in the Renaissance Simulations Smith, Britton; Regan, John; Downes, Turlough arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1804.06477	text	January 2018
Effects of a Soft X-ray Background on Structure Formation at High Redshift Machacek, Marie M.; Bryan, Greg L.; Abel, Tom arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0209326	text	January 2002
Radiation Hydrodynamical Evolution of Primordial H II Regions Whalen, Daniel; Abel, Tom; Norman, Michael L. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0310283	text	January 2003
Forming a Primordial Star in a Relic HII Region O'Shea, Brian W.; Abel, Tom; Whalen, Dan arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0503330	text	January 2005
Supernova Explosions in the Early Universe: Evolution of Radiative Remnants and the Halo Destruction Efficiency Kitayama, Tetsu; Yoshida, Naoki arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0505368	text	January 2005

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Magnetic braking of supermassive stars through winds Haemmerlé, L.; Meynet, G. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 623 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935087	journal	March 2019
The infrared-luminous progenitors of high- z quasars Ginolfi, M.; Schneider, R.; Valiante, R. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 483, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty3205	journal	November 2018
On the detection of supermassive primordial stars – II. Blue supergiants Surace, Marco; Zackrisson, Erik; Whalen, Daniel J. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 488, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1956	journal	July 2019
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High Star Formation Rates of Low Eddington Ratio Quasars at z ≳ 6 Kim, Yongjung; Im, Myungshin The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 879, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab25ee	journal	July 2019
The infrared-luminous progenitors of high-z quasars Ginolfi, M.; Schneider, R.; Valiante, R. Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.36666	text	January 2019
Titans of the Early Universe: The Prato Statement on the Origin of the First Supermassive Black Holes Woods, Tyrone E.; Agarwal, Bhaskar; Bromm, Volker arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1810.12310	text	January 2018
The infrared-luminous progenitors of high-z quasars Ginolfi, Michele; Schneider, Raffaella; Valiante, Rosa arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1811.10644	text	January 2018
Magnetic braking of supermassive stars through winds Haemmerlé, Lionel; Meynet, Georges arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1903.00020	text	January 2019
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