Impacts of cellulase deactivation at the moving air–liquid interface on cellulose conversions at low enzyme loadings

Bhagia, Samarthya; Wyman, Charles E.; Kumar, Rajeev

doi:10.1186/s13068-019-1439-2

Title: Impacts of cellulase deactivation at the moving air–liquid interface on cellulose conversions at low enzyme loadings

Journal Article · Tue Apr 23 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · Biotechnology for Biofuels

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-019-1439-2· OSTI ID:1511911

Bhagia, Samarthya ^[1];

^[2]; Kumar, Rajeev ^[3]

Univ. of California, Riverside, CA (United States). Bourns College of Engineering, Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE‑CERT) and Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE‑CERT); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). BioEnergy Science Center (BESC)
Univ. of California, Riverside, CA (United States). Bourns College of Engineering, Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE‑CERT) and Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE‑CERT); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). BioEnergy Science Center (BESC) and Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI)
Univ. of California, Riverside, CA (United States). Bourns College of Engineering, Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE‑CERT); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). BioEnergy Science Center (BESC) and Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI)

Background: We recently confirmed that the deactivation of T. reesei cellulases at the air–liquid interface reduces microcrystalline cellulose conversion at low enzyme loadings in shaken flasks. It is one of the main causes for lowering of cellulose conversions at low enzyme loadings. However, supplementing cellulases with small quantities of surface-active additives in shaken flasks can increase cellulose conversions at low enzyme loadings. It was also shown that cellulose conversions at low enzyme loadings can be increased in unshaken flasks if the reactions are carried for a longer time. This study further explores these recent findings to better understand the impact of air–liquid interfacial phenomena on enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose contained in Avicel, Sigmacell, α-cellulose, cotton linters, and filter paper. The impacts of solids and enzyme loadings, supplementation with nonionic surfactant Tween 20 and xylanases, and application of different types of mixing and reactor designs on cellulose hydrolysis were also evaluated.Results: Avicel cellulose conversions at high solid loading were more than doubled by minimizing loss of cellulases to the air–liquid interface. Maximum cellulose conversions were high for surface-active supplemented shaken flasks or unshaken flasks because of low cellulase deactivation at the air–liquid interface. The nonionic surfactant Tween 20 was unable to completely prevent cellulase deactivation in shaken flasks and only reduced cellulose conversions at unreasonably high concentrations.Conclusions: High dynamic interfacial areas created through baffles in reactor vessels, low volumes in high-capacity vessels, or high shaking speeds severely limited cellulose conversions at low enzyme loadings. Precipitation of cellulases due to aggregation at the air–liquid interface caused their continuous deactivation in shaken flasks and severely limited solubilization of cellulose.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1511911

Journal Information:: Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 12, Issue 1; ISSN 1754-6834

Publisher:: BioMed CentralCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 23 works

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MOESM1 of Impacts of cellulase deactivation at the moving air–liquid interface on cellulose conversions at low enzyme loadings Bhagia, Samarthya; Wyman, Charles; Kumar, Rajeev https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8032235 The current record is supplemented by this text	text	January 2019
MOESM1 of Impacts of cellulase deactivation at the moving air–liquid interface on cellulose conversions at low enzyme loadings Bhagia, Samarthya; Wyman, Charles; Kumar, Rajeev https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8032235.v1 The current record is supplemented by this text	text	January 2019
MOESM2 of Impacts of cellulase deactivation at the moving air–liquid interface on cellulose conversions at low enzyme loadings Bhagia, Samarthya; Wyman, Charles; Kumar, Rajeev https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8032238 The current record is supplemented by this text	text	January 2019
MOESM2 of Impacts of cellulase deactivation at the moving air–liquid interface on cellulose conversions at low enzyme loadings Bhagia, Samarthya; Wyman, Charles; Kumar, Rajeev https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8032238.v1 The current record is supplemented by this text	text	January 2019
MOESM3 of Impacts of cellulase deactivation at the moving air–liquid interface on cellulose conversions at low enzyme loadings Bhagia, Samarthya; Wyman, Charles; Kumar, Rajeev https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8032244 The current record is supplemented by this audiovisual	audiovisual	January 2019
MOESM3 of Impacts of cellulase deactivation at the moving air–liquid interface on cellulose conversions at low enzyme loadings Bhagia, Samarthya; Wyman, Charles; Kumar, Rajeev https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8032244.v1 The current record is supplemented by this audiovisual	audiovisual	January 2019
Impacts of cellulase deactivation at the moving air–liquid interface on cellulose conversions at low enzyme loadings Bhagia, Samarthya; Wyman, Charles; Kumar, Rajeev https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4481081 The current record is supplemented by this collection	collection	January 2019
Impacts of cellulase deactivation at the moving air–liquid interface on cellulose conversions at low enzyme loadings Bhagia, Samarthya; Wyman, Charles; Kumar, Rajeev https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4481081.v1 The current record is supplemented by this collection	collection	January 2019