Hydraulic Conductivity of Geosynthetic Clay Liners to Low-Level Radioactive Waste Leachate

Journal Article · Mon Apr 25 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001495· OSTI ID:1438179

Tian, Kuo ^[1]; Benson, Craig H. ^[1]; Likos, William J. ^[2]

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1. Univ. of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (United States)
2. Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)

Hydraulic conductivity was evaluated for eight commercially available geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) permeated with leachate characteristic of low-level radioactive waste (LLW) disposal facilities operated by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Two of the GCLs (CS and GS) contained conventional sodium bentonite (Na-B). The others contained a bentonite–polymer mixture (CPL, CPH, GPL1, GPL2, and GPH) or bentonite–polymer composite (BPC). All GCLs (except GPL2 and GPH) were permeated directly with two synthetic LLW leachates that are essentially identical, except one has no radionuclides (nonradioactive synthetic leachate, or NSL) and the other has radionuclides (radioactive synthetic leachate, or RSL). Hydraulic conductivities to RSL and NSL were identical. For the CS and GS GCLs, the hydraulic conductivity gradually increased by a factor of 5–25 because divalent cations in the leachate replaced native sodium cations bound to the bentonite. The CPL, GPL1, and GPL2 GCLs with low polymer loading (1.2–3.3%) had hydraulic conductivities similar to the conventional GCLs. In contrast, hydraulic conductivity of the CPH, GPH, and BPC GCLs with high polymer loading (≥5%) to RSL or NSL was comparable to, or lower than, the hydraulic conductivity to deionized water. Permeation with leachate reduced the swell index of the bentonite in all of the GCLs. A conceptual model featuring pore blocking by polymer hydrogel is proposed to explain why the hydraulic conductivity of bentonite–polymer GCLs to LLW leachates remains low even though the leachate inhibits bentonite swelling.

• Research Organization: Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE
• Grant/Contract Number: FC01-06EW07053
• OSTI ID: 1438179
• Journal Information: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 142, Issue 8; ISSN 1090-0241
• Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE WASTES FROM NUCLEAR FACILITIES
Geosynthetic clay liner
Bentonite
Low-level radioactive waste
Polymer
Hydrogel